Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Pollution Studies ISSN: 3107-8419 (Online)

Author: Harish Mehta

Abstract: Groundwater is one of the most critical sources of fresh water, yet its pollution remains a significant environmental issue. This paper explores the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) for modeling and monitoring groundwater pollution. The integration of these technologies allows for a spatial analysis of groundwater quality, enabling the identification of pollution sources, assessment of contamination spread, and prediction of future trends. This paper presents various case studies and methodologies, discussing the importance of GIS and RS in managing groundwater pollution. It highlights the applications, challenges, and potential solutions for monitoring and mitigating groundwater contamination.

Keywords: Groundwater Pollution, GIS, Remote Sensing, Water Quality, Spatial Analysis, Environmental Management

Authors: Sakshi Gupta, Urvashi Khwani, Deepak Bisht

Abstract: Microplastic pollution is a growing concern due to its widespread presence and potential harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems and water quality. This paper explores the sources, distribution, and ecological consequences of microplastics in aquatic environments. Through a review of recent studies, the paper examines the effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms, food webs, and the overall health of aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, the role of microplastics in water quality degradation is discussed, with emphasis on the potential for chemical leaching, bioaccumulation, and ecosystem imbalance. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for water quality management and suggesting strategies for mitigating microplastic pollution.

Keywords: Microplastic pollution, aquatic ecosystems, water quality, bioaccumulation, environmental degradation, chemical leaching, food webs.

Authors: Prof. Sanya Bhardwaj, Mayank Sharma

Abstract: Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is a comprehensive approach to managing water resources, addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by urbanization, climate change, and environmental degradation. This paper explores urban flood control systems as part of IWRM strategies, focusing on the effective integration of various resources to mitigate urban flooding, improve resilience, and promote sustainable urban development. A case study approach is used to assess the current state of flood management systems in urban environments, their challenges, and innovative solutions, with a focus on engineering, policy, and community engagement.

Keywords: Integrated Water Resource Management, Urban Flood Control, Urbanization, Climate Change, Resilience, Sustainable Development, Case Study

Author: Dr. S. Sreeremya

Abstract: The multi dynamic of soil and its ability to nurture different microbial source is an intriguing characteristic. Fungal flora is copiously present in the soil. The objective of this research work is to identify the fungal flora in the specific region of Palakkad.

Keywords: Fungal flora, Palakkad, soil, microbial source

Authors: Sandhya Kiran J K, Chaitra K 

Abstract: Drainage system managers face significant challenges due to the increase in extreme rain events occurring in various parts of the world. These events lead to hydraulic overload in drainage systems, causing floods. Adapting existing infrastructure to handle extreme rains without negatively impacting city inhabitants has become a necessity. This research introduces a new method to improve drainage systems with minimal investment costs, utilizing a novel methodology that includes the addition of hydraulic control elements to the network, installation of storm tanks, and pipe replacement.

 The proposed methodology employs the Storm Water Management Model for hydraulic network analysis and a modified Genetic Algorithm for optimization. This algorithm, called the Pseudo-Genetic Algorithm, uses integral chromosome coding and has been applied in previous hydraulic optimization studies. This study evaluates both the cost of necessary infrastructure and the damage caused by floods to determine the optimal solution. The main conclusion is that incorporating hydraulic controls can reduce the cost of network rehabilitation and decrease flood levels.

Keywords: Hydraulic control, rehabilitation, drainage networks, optimization

Author’s:   Gaurav Pandey

Abstract:  Desalination has emerged as a critical technology in addressing the growing global water scarcity, providing a reliable source of fresh water in regions where traditional water resources are limited. This paper explores the various desalination technologies currently in use, including thermal and membrane based methods, and their applications across different sectors. The paper discusses the challenges associated with desalination, such as high energy consumption, economic costs, and environmental impact, while also highlighting advancements in technology that offer potential solutions. Future trends, including the integration of renewable energy, zero liquid discharge systems, and the development of small-scale desalination units, are examined as pathways to making desalination more sustainable and accessible. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of continued innovation and supportive policies in ensuring the long-term viability of desalination as a key component of global water management strategies.

Keywords: Desalination, Water Scarcity, Reverse Osmosis, Thermal Desalination, Renewable Energy, Environmental Impact, Water Management, Membrane Technology

Authors: Priti Patel, Mayank Srivastava

Abstract: River basin management is essential for sustaining water resources and ensuring equitable distribution among various sectors such as agriculture, industry, and domestic use. With increasing pressures from climate change, population growth, and pollution, effective management strategies are required to maintain the ecological balance and support sustainable development. This paper explores the concept of river basin management, its challenges, and best practices, including the importance of stakeholder participation, adaptive management, and data-driven decision-making. Through case studies of the Ganges and Mekong River Basins, the paper highlights the complexities of transboundary water management and the need for innovative approaches to ensure the long-term sustainability of river basins.

Keywords: River Basin Management, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), Transboundary Cooperation, Sustainable Water Use, Climate Change Adaptation

Authors: Vamsi Kalyan, Bablu. P

Abstract: As urban populations grow, water scarcity and droughts become increasingly pressing issues. Traditional landscaping practices often exacerbate these problems by relying on water-intensive vegetation and irrigation systems. This project presents a water-efficient landscaping approach that combines drought-tolerant plants, efficient irrigation systems, and rainwater harvesting techniques to minimize water consumption. By implementing this approach in urban areas, we can reduce water waste, decrease stormwater runoff, and create sustainable and resilient landscapes. Our research demonstrates that water-efficient landscaping can reduce water consumption by up to 50% while maintaining aesthetic appeal and ecosystem services. This project provides a model for urban water management that prioritizes sustainability, efficiency, and environmental stewardship. Water-efficient landscaping is a crucial strategy for mitigating urban water scarcity and reducing stormwater runoff. This study investigates the effectiveness of water-efficient landscaping practices, including drought-tolerant plants, efficient irrigation systems, and rainwater harvesting, in reducing water consumption and improving stormwater management. Our results show that water-efficient landscaping can reduce water consumption by up to 50% and decrease stormwater runoff by up to 70%. We also identify key challenges and opportunities for implementing water-efficient landscaping in urban areas, including policy and regulatory frameworks, public awareness and education, and economic incentives. Our findings have important implications for urban water management and highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to water conservation and sustainability.

Keywords: Water-efficient landscaping, urban water management, drought-tolerant plants, efficient 

Authors: Rathlavath Sujatha, G. Vamshi Prathap

Abstract: Flood defense strategies have evolved from hard-engineered systems to nature-based solutions that advocate for sustainability to meet today’s environmental, social, and economic goals. This paper aims to analyze the historical progression and evolutionary trends in flood control strategies that have led to nature-based solutions. An evaluative literature review was conducted to narrate the evolution of nature-based flood management approaches for different flood types, river floods, coastal floods, and stormwater run-offs. The analysis reflected three evolutionary trends: the transformation of hard measures to soft measures; secondly, the increase in society’s attention to ecosystems and their services; and, finally, divergence from single-function solutions to multi-function solutions. However, continuous monitoring and evaluation of the previous projects and adapting to the lessons learned are the key to progress towards sustainable flood management strategies and their societal acceptance.

Keywords: Nature Based Solutions; Flood Defense Strategies; Green Infrastructure; Ecosystem-Based Approaches; Building with Nature.

Authors: Prof. A. P. Virkhare, Dr. S. V. Dharpal

Abstract: The waste water generated from the quarters, school hostel and college hostels in University campus were collected and analyzed. Conventional treatment method and the method of purification using Reed bed for the treatment of effluent were compared. The plant used for this purpose was Phragmitis australis which is locally known as NANAL. The experiment was conducted with the Primary treated sewage taken from the Sewage Treatment Plant. From the experiment it is found that the one with Reed Bed system gives a better quality treated water vis-à-vis the treated water. Hence, the filter bed of STP is planted with Phragmitis australis as a trial run. The project presents the method of construction of root zone bed and the effectiveness of removal of various contaminants using this root zone treatment process. The results for raw water and treated water samples were compared and discussed.

Keywords: Waste Water, Reed Bed System, Treatment

Authors : Aniket Joshi

Abstract: Climate change poses a significant threat to global water resources, impacting their availability, quality, and distribution. This paper aims to analyze the multifaceted effects of climate change on water resources and propose adaptation measures to mitigate its adverse impacts. Through a comprehensive review of literature and case studies, the paper examines how climate change influences precipitation patterns, snowmelt, glacier retreat, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events, ultimately affecting water availability and quality. Furthermore, it discusses the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable communities and ecosystems. In response to these challenges, the paper presents adaptation strategies such as sustainable water management practices, investment in infrastructure, enhancing water efficiency, promoting water conservation, and integrating climate resilience into water governance frameworks. These adaptation measures are essential for building resilience and ensuring the sustainable management of water resources in the face of climate change.

Keywords: Climate change, water availability, water quality, water distribution, adaptation measures, sustainable water management, resilience, case studies, best practices.

Authors : Ananya Banerjee, Diya Sharma, Rohan Mehta

Abstract: Water pollution poses a significant threat to ecosystems, human health, and economic prosperity worldwide. This paper aims to identify and discuss the sources of pollution that degrade water quality, along with strategies for mitigating these sources. By examining the various contributors to water pollution and implementing effective mitigation measures, we can work towards safeguarding water resources for future generations.

Keywords: Water pollution, Sources of pollution, Mitigation strategies, Industrial activities, Agricultural runoff, Urban runoff, Wastewater disposal, Atmospheric deposition, Regulation, Best management practices, Infrastructure upgrades, Restoration projects, Public awareness, Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes.

Authors : Parul Verma, Ananya Singh

Abstract : Water, essential for life and critical for socio-economic development, faces challenges of ownership, access, and distribution. This paper examines the legal and ethical dimensions of these issues, exploring frameworks, regulations, and initiatives aimed at ensuring equitable access and sustainable management of water resources. Through a comprehensive analysis, it highlights the complexities surrounding water governance, proposes solutions, and emphasizes the imperative of collaborative action to safeguard this precious resource for present and future generations.

Keywords: Water governance, ownership, access, distribution, legal frameworks, ethical considerations, sustainability, equity.

Authors : Khushi Patel

Abstract: In agricultural regions like NALGONDA district, efficient water resource management is paramount for sustainable crop production. This paper presents a comprehensive review of multi-objective optimization techniques applied to the irrigation of crops in NALGONDA district, with a focus on the utilization of water from the LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI canal. Dynamic programming (DP) serves as a powerful tool for optimizing water allocation strategies, considering multiple conflicting objectives such as maximizing crop yield, minimizing water usage, and ensuring equitable distribution among farmers. Through an extensive literature review, this paper synthesizes existing research on the application of multi-objective optimization and DP in agricultural water management, highlighting methodologies, challenges, and future directions.

Keywords: Multi-objective optimization, Dynamic programming, Agricultural water management, Crop irrigation, NALGONDA district, LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI canal.

Authors : Dr. Anjali Gupta, Mr. Rajesh Kumar, Priya Verma, Nisha Singh

Abstract : This paper presents a comprehensive review of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as a vital component of water treatment technologies aimed at addressing pollution challenges and ensuring water safety. AOPs involve the generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals to degrade a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants in water. Various AOPs, including photocatalysis, ozonation, and electrochemical oxidation, are discussed in detail, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and recent advancements. Furthermore, the paper explores strategies for enhancing the efficiency and applicability of AOPs, such as process optimization, reactor design, catalyst development, and hybrid systems. Case studies and practical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of AOPs in treating different types of water pollutants. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into the current state-of-the-art in AOPs and their potential for sustainable water treatment solutions.

Keywords: Water treatment, Advanced oxidation processes, Photocatalysis, Ozonation, Electrochemical oxidation, Reactor design, Process optimization, Catalyst development.

Authors:P. Guruswamy Goud, S. Priyanka, J. Anves

Abstract:Spatiotemporal representation had greater variance and improved the identification of regional heterogeneity of trend and variability compared with gauge station data. The amount of annual rainfall received is higher in the western part of the basin than in the central and southeastern parts of the basin. Rainfall is a crucial component of the hydrological cycle and is severely affected due to Global warming. In the present study, Spatio - Temporal variability of rainfall for Annual, Winter, Summer, Monsoon and Post Monsoon seasons is done for Krishna District, A.P. Spatial interpolation technique (Inverse Distance Weight) for five-year interval (1999-2004, 2004-2009, 2009-2014, 2014-2019) is considered for the study. It is observed that Upper portion of the district shows higher amount of rainfall as compared to lower. Rainfall occurrence is more in Northeast portion of the district during Monsoon for all years. These findings suggest the importance of selecting the spatial distribution of rainfall magnitudes at the chosen time scales.

Keywords: Hydrological, Rainfall, Monsoon, Spatial, Temporal.

Author’s: Vidyut Pathak, Dr. K. R Ramani

Abstract:Water quality monitoring is essential for assessing the health and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems and ensuring safe drinking water sources. Traditional methods of water quality monitoring can be time-consuming and expensive. Remote sensing technologies have emerged as valuable tools for efficiently and effectively assessing water quality parameters over large spatial scales. This paper provides an overview of remote sensing techniques for water quality monitoring, including the principles, sensors, data processing methods, and case studies. Additionally, it presents key water quality parameters and their significance, with tables summarizing remote sensing applications for each parameter.

Keywords- Water quality monitoring, remote sensing, water quality parameters, spectral reflectance, radiative transfer models, atmospheric correction, sensors, platforms, data processing, data analysis, challenges, future directions.

Authors:Alok Tiwari, Krishan Pal Singh

Abstract:Urban areas face significant challenges in managing water resources sustainably due to rapid population growth, climate change, and urbanization. Conventional grey infrastructure alone is often insufficient to cope with the increasing water demand and handle stormwater runoff effectively. Integrating green infrastructure with grey infrastructure offers a promising approach to enhance water resource management in urban environments. This paper examines the benefits and challenges of adopting such an integrated approach, highlights successful case studies, and proposes strategies for widespread implementation.

Keywords-Green Infrastructure, Grey Infrastructure, Urban Water Resource Management, Stormwater Management, Water Quality, Biodiversity, Sustainable Cities, Climate Resilience, Nature-Based Solutions, Smart Infrastructure, Circular Economy, Community Engagement, Policy Integration, Future Directions.

Author’s:  Tanvi Singh, Kavya Malhotra

Abstract:Water pollution poses a significant threat to human health and the environment. To combat this challenge, various advanced technologies have been developed and implemented for water pollution remediation. This paper explores these technologies, focusing on their principles, advantages, and applications. Additionally, we provide a comparison of some key water pollution remediation technologies using tables to assist in decision-making for specific pollution scenarios.

Keywords-

Water Pollution Remediation, Advanced Technologies, Activated Carbon Adsorption, Nanotechnology-Based Remediation, Biological Remediation (Bioremediation), Electrochemical Remediation, Contaminant Removal Efficiency, Environmental Impact, Cost-effectiveness, Sustainability.

Authors:J. Anvesh, P. Guruswamy Goud, S. Priyanka, Ch.Yeswanth ,Ch. Anudeep

Abstract:Musi River is flowing through Hyderabad which is having a population of about 6.7 million and a metropolitan population nearly of about 7.75 million,  it is the fourth most populous city and sixth most populous urban area in India and its area covers nearly 2219 km2. Due to industrial and urbanization activities resulted in the contamination of the Musi River. To study the influence of contaminated river on groundwater and surface water, 20 water samples were collected from a part of the river flowing area and analyzed for major ions and trace metals. Various widely accepted methods such as Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate, salinity, soluble sodium percentage, permeability index and water quality index are used to classify groundwater and surface water (stream) for drinking as well as irrigation purposes . Besides this, Piper trilinear diagram, geochemical controls using various statistical parameters, and hydro-geochemistry of groundwater and surface water samples were studied.

Keywords-:Musi River, groundwater and surface water, geochemical.

Authors:Kriyansh Rathore, Happy Singh, Shivansh Pawar

Abstract:The efficient treatment of wastewater is crucial for maintaining environmental sustainability and public health. Traditional wastewater treatment methods have been effective in removing pollutants; however, they often fail to recover valuable resources present in wastewater. This paper explores innovative technologies for wastewater treatment and resource recovery, focusing on emerging techniques that not only treat wastewater but also harness its potential for resource extraction and reuse. The paper discusses various advanced processes, including membrane filtration, anaerobic digestion, and nutrient recovery technologies, along with their benefits, challenges, and potential applications. Additionally, case studies and data-driven analyses are presented to illustrate the viability and effectiveness of these innovative technologies.

Keywords-Wastewater treatment, Resource recovery, Membrane filtration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, Reverse osmosis, Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Nutrient recovery, Struvite precipitation, Ion exchange, Biological nutrient removal, Water reuse, Sustainable wastewater management, Circular economy.

Authors : Alok Tiwari1 , Krishan Pal Singh2

Abstract : Urban areas face significant challenges in managing water resources sustainably due to rapid population growth, climate change, and urbanization. Conventional grey infrastructure alone is often insufficient to cope with the increasing water demand and handle stormwater runoff effectively. Integrating green infrastructure with grey infrastructure offers a promising approach to enhance water resource management in urban environments. This paper examines the benefits and challenges of adopting such an integrated approach, highlights successful case studies, and proposes strategies for widespread implementation.

Keywords : Green Infrastructure, Grey Infrastructure, Urban Water Resource Management, Stormwater Management, Water Quality, Biodiversity, Sustainable Cities, Climate Resilience, Nature-Based Solutions, Smart Infrastructure, Circular Economy, Community Engagement, Policy Integration, Future Directions.

Authors:Harish Rawat, Brijesh Kumar

Abstract:Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant challenges of the 21st century, profoundly affecting various environmental systems, including water resources. The impacts of climate change on water resources are complex and varied, with potential consequences for ecosystems, human societies, and economies. This paper aims to investigate the vulnerability of water resources to climate change, assess potential impacts, and propose adaptation strategies to ensure sustainable water management in the face of changing climatic conditions.

Keywords-Climate Change, Water Resources, Vulnerability Assessment, Adaptation Strategies, Hydrological Changes, Groundwater Resources, Glacier Retreat, Floods and Droughts, Water Quality, Ecosystems, Agriculture and Food Security, Urban Water Management, Sea-Level Rise and Salinization, Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), Rainwater Harvesting, Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), Desalination, Policy and Governance, Research and Monitoring, Case Studies.

Authors:Adarsh Malohtra, Rajeev Sharma, K.J Madhavan

Abstract:Water distribution networks play a crucial role in supplying potable water to urban and rural areas. Ensuring the efficient operation of these networks is essential to meet increasing demands, minimize water loss, and reduce energy consumption. In recent years, advancements in technology and optimization techniques have significantly contributed to improving the efficiency of water distribution systems. This paper provides an overview of the latest advancements in water distribution network optimization, focusing on various methodologies and tools employed to enhance system efficiency. Additionally, a comparative table of selected optimization techniques is presented to highlight their respective advantages and limitations.

Keywords-:Water Distribution Network, Optimization, Efficiency, Advancements, Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Optimization, Machine Learning, Real-Time Control, Pressure Management, Multi-objective Optimization, Smart Grid Technologies, Digital Twins, Uncertainty Analysis, Asset Management.

Authors: Prasad Devadigaa, Thanushree A Hegde

Abstract: Infiltration is the rate at which water can enter into a soil, in our project we have used double ring infiltrometer. It consists an inner and outer ring. The main purpose is to create a one-dimensional flow of water from the inner ring. If water is flowing in 1-D at steady condition and a unit gradient is present in the underlying soil, the infiltration rate is approximately equal to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil. An inner ring is driven into the ground, and outer ring driven to help control the flow of water through the first ring. Water is supplied either with a constant or falling head condition, and the operator need to records how much water infiltrates from the inner ring into the soil over a given time period. Soil samples were collected from agricultural lands of Karkala region and Nitte, and tested for basic soil properties such as specific gravity, dry density, moisture content, coefficient of permeability and percentage of clay and silt of the soil. To determine the presence of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) of soil optical transducers are used. Such transducer is useful to decide how much extra contents of these nutrients are added to the soil to increase fertility of the soil. This can improve the quality of soil and reduces the undesired use of fertilizers to be added. The N, P and K value of the sample are determined by absorption light of each nutrient.

Keywords-: Infiltration, Double ring infiltrometer, N P K, Optical transducer etc.

Author Name:- Abhishek Nigam

Abstract:- Large-scale water resources systems are complex and require advanced modeling techniques to optimize their management. Auto-calibration and optimization techniques can help to streamline the modeling process and improve the accuracy of the models. These techniques involve the use of machine learning algorithms, multi-objective optimization algorithms, and simulation-based optimization to identify the optimal allocation of water resources. Data management is a critical component of these techniques, and water resources managers must invest in data warehousing, data mining, and data visualization tools to ensure that they have access to reliable data. Implementing auto-calibration and optimization techniques can help to ensure a sustainable and reliable source of water for drinking, agriculture, and industry.

Keywords:- Water resources, auto-calibration, optimization, modeling, machine learning, multi-objective optimization, simulation-based optimization, data management.

Authors Name:- Tina Sharma, Avantika Mehra, Dharmesh Gupta

Abstract:- Groundwater is a crucial natural resource that plays a vital role in supporting human activities and sustaining ecosystems. This article explores the theoretical aspects concerning groundwater reserves and resources assessment and administration. It discusses the difference between groundwater reserves and resources, and the approaches to assessing them, including aquifer testing, remote sensing, and modeling. Effective management practices, including monitoring, regulation, groundwater recharge, and water-use efficiency, are also discussed.

Keywords:- Groundwater, aquifer, reserves, resources, assessment, management, monitoring, regulation, recharge, water-use efficiency.

Author Name:- Mayank Shrivastava

Abstract:- Groundwater resources are a vital part of the world's water supply, and their sustainable management is crucial for achieving sustainable development. This paper explores the future of groundwater management and the challenges that need to be addressed to ensure sustainable use of this finite resource. The hydrogeological setup of a country plays a vital role in groundwater management, and groundwater management in India faces several challenges, including overexploitation, contamination, lack of regulation and monitoring, limited data and information, and issues of equity. To deal with these challenges, several techniques can be used, such as artificial recharge, conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water, groundwater banking, water conservation and demand management, groundwater monitoring and management, regulation and enforcement, and participatory management.

Keywords:- Groundwater management, sustainable development, hydrogeological setup, India, overexploitation, contamination, regulation, monitoring, water conservation, participatory management.

Author Name:- Deepanjali Dhosh

Abstract:- Water scarcity is one of the most significant environmental challenges in arid regions. The challenge is amplified by the impacts of climate change, population growth, and unsustainable practices. Environmental management in arid regions requires a holistic approach that considers the availability, quality, and access to water resources. This paper examines the principles of environmental management in arid regions with a specific focus on the question of water. The paper identifies the key principles of environmental management, including the importance of integrated water resources management, stakeholder participation, and adaptive management. The paper concludes that effective environmental management in arid regions requires a collaborative and adaptive approach that takes into account the complexities and uncertainties of the natural and human systems.

Keywords:- Arid regions, environmental management, water, integrated water resources management, stakeholder participation, adaptive management.

Authors Name:- Ananya Sharma, Deepak Mehra

Abstract:- Dissolved gases in water can pose significant health risks and equipment damage for underwater breathing applications. The removal of dissolved gases from water is critical for maintaining water quality in portable underwater breathing systems. This review paper summarizes the various techniques used for the removal of dissolved gases from water, with a focus on their applicability to portable underwater breathing. The techniques discussed include vacuum swing adsorption, pressure swing adsorption, and membrane separation. The advantages and limitations of each technique are examined, and the most suitable technique for portable underwater breathing is identified. This review paper provides valuable insights for designing efficient and effective portable underwater breathing systems that ensure the safety and well-being of divers.

Keywords:- Dissolved gases, water treatment, underwater breathing, portable systems, vacuum swing adsorption, pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, adsorption, water quality, diver safety.

Authors:- Tanishk Bhatt, Dr. Uma Shankar

Abstract:- Groundwater is the planet's most vital resource for maintaining life and the environment. Because of its widespread usage in many fields, it is rapidly depleting, necessitating sustainable resource management. Groundwater resource management is becoming increasingly vital, not just in India, but also globally. Sustainable groundwater supplies are a major concern for many countries, particularly those in dry regions. In this study, we shall define a sustainable water resource as a water flow that is controlled to preserve water quantity and quality. Water's significance is so fundamental that we cannot rely on a single institution alone, but rather require a collective approach. Addressing the groundwater problem is a pressing matter not just for the current generation but also for future generations. Water management encompasses several sectors of the Indian economy, including industrial, agricultural, household, electricity, environment, fisheries, and transportation. This management strategy will aid in overcoming water-stressed demand and increasing water supply. This article recognises appropriate groundwater management practises in India. Because of the rising water demand, the involvement of numerous elements that regulate the exploitation of water resources has become crucial for groundwater management.

Keywords:- Groundwater, Sustainable Development, water resources.

Authors:- Sangeeta Saxsena, Prashant Pandey

Abstract:- Pollutants in groundwater can occur naturally or be introduced by various anthropogenic pollution sources. Pollution from both point and non-point sources has an impact on the quality of both surface and ground water. Solvent concentrations are normally low when water infiltrates. However, after penetration, their spatial extent follows a regional pattern that must be thoroughly investigated. As a result, the spatial pattern of important ground water quality parameters obtained from secondary observation well data in the Betwa river catchment is presented in this paper. An overview of various sources of pollution from agriculture, industries, and cities, as well as their potential impacts, is also provided.

Keywords:- Groundwater data network, spatial interpolation, solute concentration level, pollution potential, domestic pollution, agricultural pollution.

Authors:- Gayatri Ugale, Aditya Ojha

Abstract:- Water is the most vital and basic resource for crop production, yet it is always in short supply. Water scarcity affects photosynthesis, translocation, respiration, mineral consumption, and cell division. Due to water scarcity, many draught-prone areas, and irregular rainfall in India, it is critical to reduce water losses and boost water efficiency for increased crop and vegetation productivity. India could get a lot more water if they used hydrogel and other polymers that can soak up a lot of water.A hydrogel is a cross-linked polymer structure. It may absorb 30–40 times its weight in pure water before becoming gel granules. It improves water retention, water efficiency, and permeability. It aids in lowering irrigation frequency, dry density, and water runoff. Both living and non-living environmental influences can destroy it. As a result, the practical deployment of hydrogel is critical in drought-prone locations.

Keywords:- Hydrogel, Water deficiency, Crop productivity, Soil properties.

 

Authors:- Abhishek Bhatacharya

Abstract:- The trash, whether liquid or solid, eventually ends up in fresh water supplies. As a result, the ecological health of water resources is the most important indication of a location's hygienic state. Furthermore, reservoir ecosystems face well-known environmental issues such as watershed erosion, irregular rainfall, changes in runoff patterns, alien species introduction, overexploitation, and the movement of airborne and waterborne nutrients and toxins. IWRM principles used in system engineering methodologies are a useful and practical tool for sustaining life-supporting reservoir environments.

Keywords:- Fresh Water Resources, IWRM, River Basins,Systems Approach .

Authors:- Jayaraju Madhavan, Dr. Rubash Chand

Abstract:- Fresh water is required for life on our planet. Water scarcity affects around one-third of the world's population, or approximately 2.3 billion people, according to the WHO. According to the World Water Council, as the world population grows over the next fifty years, the water situation will worsen. Despite this, water covers over three-quarters of our world, with saltwater accounting for 97.5% of this total. As a result, addressing this dilemma requires a feasible and economically viable desalination technique. Several saltwater desalination methods have been developed in recent decades to supplement the supply of water in dry locations across the world. Many nations are unable to afford these technologies as a fresh water supply due to the restrictions of high desalination prices. However, the steadily expanding use of saltwater desalination has proved that seawater desalination is a viable water supply independent of rainfall changes. A seawater desalination method divides saline saltwater into two streams: a fresh water stream with low dissolved salt content and a concentrated brine stream. To desalinate, some sort of energy is required, and various different separation processes are used. The multi-stage flash (MSF) distillation and reverse osmosis (RO) processes are at the heart of two of the most economically important technologies. Although desalination technologies are mature enough to provide a stable source of fresh water from the sea, extensive research and development (R&D) has been conducted in order to continuously enhance the technologies and lower the cost of desalination.

Keywords:- Sea Ice Desalination, Multi-Stage Flash, World Water Council.

 

Authors:- Joshna Pathak, Jyoti Kumari

Abstract:- One of the major sources is water which is essential for the environment, human beings, plants and animals. At present, in this study, in order to modify the test result with pH, Total hardness, Calcium hardness, Turbidity, TDS, Chloride, Sulphate and Nitrate for the bore  well water with the help of filter unit which contains clearing nut, camel grass, fenugreek, black pepper, cumin seeds, cotton, sand, aggregate are set up with 5 inch PVC pipe with the height of 5 feet. The initial tests of bore water for pH, Total hardness, Calcium hardness, Turbidity, TDS, Chloride, Sulphate and Nitrate have done and from this experimental set up, the results were carried out for pH, Total hardness, Calcium hardness, Turbidity, TDS, Chloride, Sulphate and Nitrate. In this study, bore water efficiency and purity of water were increased with the help of these clearing nuts as a natural filter media.

Keywords:- Cotton, Cumin Seed, PVC Pipe, Clearing Nut, Fenugreek, Black Pepper

 

Authors:- Renuka Dharmale, Shruti Gore, Gauri Talathi

Abstract:- India regarded as to become earths seventh most well-known as well as earth's next nearly all populated nation. India today is dealing with a significant problem of water scarcity. The majority of the public of India can't develop water that is clean for the daily uses of theirs. A lot of deaths happen due to lack or even by utilizing contaminated water for the daily needs of theirs. Drinking water scarcity results in a lot of issues including reduce harvest growing leading to meals deficit that in fact will reduce the financial state of state as the majority of the financial development depends upon the agriculture along with other growing procedures. On household degree we ought to reuse household grayish drinking water as well as reuse within life that is daily as it can help within minimizing the exploitation of water online resources, thus preserving them.This particular undertaking includes information about the various recycling where possible ways of grayish drinking water. Appropriate recycling where possible methods ought to have capability to attain outstanding removing of organics, surfactants and solids. Grayish drinking water reuse is among the key options of lowering the innovative consumption of water in households, commercials infrastructure and industries. Grayish drinking water, a blend of misuse water coming from washing, kitchen and bathroom could be handled as well as reused for recreation as landscaping sprinkler system, bathroom flushing as well as soil drinking water recharge. Therefore, the reuse of medicated grayish drinking water is able to aid us with preserving the freshwater online resources. Globalization and Rapid industrialization had created an evil influence and then resulted in the about use of water, since it's been elevated significantly within the last 10 years. This particular increased drinking water need has resulted in a circumstance during what people discover issues within availing warm water for the needs of theirs. There's been an excellent technical investigation been carried out on misuse drinking water recycling where possible strategies. Grey-water is a type of misuse clean water, comprising of kitchen area clean water, toilets as well as cloth washers. Re-using of Grey water has turned into a much better option, but because the quantity of dissolved contents is not known, it's necessary to reuse just before reuse. Since Grey water is much less in natural as well as BOD written content and also free of reproduction of germs, it might be reused very easily by adapting different methods. The reused drinking water might be utilized for a lot of regenerative functions, claim irrigating the farming lands, bathroom flushing's, house back garden applying water to, etc. this particular undertaking is designed within revolving the attainable methods which could be used for recycling where possible the grey water.

Keywords:- Grey Water Recycling, Treatment Technologies, Urbanization, Water Scarcity, Reuse Techniques, Water Sustainability

Authors:- Ashutosh Virkhare, Prof. H. P. Nistane

Abstract:- The objective of this study is to achieve economy while delivering the best performance in order to maintain green building status. However, these discussions of green Building quality have not included many specific recommendations or criteria for building design, construction, or operation. Building projects described as green building demonstration softens make reference to indoor air quality, solar power & Rainwater harvesting but these references are often general and qualitative. In addition, Features that have been developed to assess the "greenness" of a building are based largely on design features and are not particularly specific with respect to indoor air quality & Water conservation Electricity. This Project studies the features of indoor air quality that are considered in green building discussions, demonstration projects. These green building features are discussed in terms of their completeness and specificity, and are compared to other guidance on building design, construction, and operation for good indoor air quality and other green building specific options. A case study of indoor air quality performance in a green building is presented. This study includes a various measure that can be implemented in a building which will help a building to receive the Green Building status.

Keywords:- Solar Energy, Rain Water Harvesting, Indoor Air Quality, Thermal Comfort)

Authors:- Smita Suresh Pohekar, Prof. Abhijeet Pendse

Abstract:- The project is envisaged as a storage scheme. The Hydro Electric Project (1000 MW) consists of 167m High Concrete Face Rock fill Dam. Two head race tunnels to the power house are of horse shoe/circular shape with diameter of 7.2 m and length of about 9.6 km each. The underground power house consists of 4 units of 250 MW each. The turbine is of Vertical Francis type. The 4 numbers of tail race channels are of horse shoe shape of diameter 5.5 m and 125 m in length. When vertical lift gates are used for controlling flow in closed conduits a hydrodynamic force is imposed on it by the flow. When high velocity flow occurs at the bottom of a gate it causes considerable reduction in pressure at the bottom partly due to change of potential energy in to kinetic energy and partly due to change in the direction of the flow. With the pressure acting on the top of the gate remaining near about constant, the gate resulting in resultant force acting in the downward direction, which is termed as “hydrodynamic down pull forceâ€. If the resultant factors influencing the design of the gate and its hoist equipment. Lesser the down pull, smaller, would be the hoist capacity, resulting in reduced cost. In this thesis an attempt is made to calculated hydrodynamic forces analytically further this calculation are checked with the models studies.

These are the objective which is achieved in this thesis: 

Estimate the hydraulic down pull and uplift forces on gates.

Analytical calculation was calculated for the following gates:

Case.1

1. Radial gate assembly=-11098tonnes
2. Tunnel spillway bulkhead gate=128tonnes

Case.2

1. Power tunnel bulkhead gate=410tonnes
2. Power intake service gate = 4464tonnes

These are the result of analytical calculation of high head gate. Model studies of these gates will be done in the hydraulic laboratory.     

Keywords:- Hydrodynamic forces, down pull forces, uplift forces

Authors:- Tejas Korde, Dr. S. B. Somani, Dr. P. A. Kadu

Abstract:- Noise pollution, in the recent times, has been well recognized as one of the major trepidations that impact the quality of life in urban areas across the globe. Pune, an ancient city of India, has rapidly emerged as industrialized and urbanized city and has started facing severe noise pollution problems. Day-time urban noise quality assessment will be studying in Pune for five critical zones viz. Educational, Commercial – cum - residential, Industrial – cum - residential, Residential and Silence zone. Pune is one of the important metro cities in India as well as Maharashtra but due to ongoing large construction projects and migrating population is causing serious environmental and noise is one of them. In this study, we are going to evaluate different parameters related to traffic noise in Pune city, for recording various noise parameter digital sound meter will be used.

Keywords:- Noise Pollution, Pune City, Decibel, Kilo Hertz)

Authors: M. Rajasekhar, Dr. V. Sathish Kumar

Abstract: The most important component of the biotic world is water, sometimes known as a universal solvent. People who live in plains and coastal locations may easily deal with water issues, while those who live in hilly places experience serious challenges owing to a lack of water resources. Unpredictable rainfall, repeated drought, and the occasional depletion of water resources plague many hilly regions, as well as places like Jammu and Kashmir and numerous cold deserts. Due to the unfavourable weather, crop yields are low in these places. Water conservation is critical due to the demand for water in agriculture and for drinking. Water is a constant challenge for communities in mountainous places, not only for agriculture but also for drinking and domestic reasons. Rainwater and spring water are the two most common sources of water. In these places, ground water is in short supply and is frequently found at a greater depth. Tube wells, canals, and even lift irrigations have limited utility in steep terrain. As a result, water conservation is critical. Rainwater is typically collected and used for irrigation and home uses. Rooftop water harvesting is the most efficient way to save water, as well as the most cost-effective and productive. Kuls and bamboo drip can also be utilised for water transportation.

Keywords: Rainwater Harvesting, Roof-Top, Kuls, Biotic, Canals and Lift Irrigation

 

Authors: Mehul Pratap, Gayatri Gupta

Abstract: Water management was not previously considered to be a critical point of planning and supervision; however, as time passes, all possible points of water entry into the structure are observed. As a result, it appears to be the worst stage of the existing building. Water may enter from an underground source due to poor workmanship, or it may enter from a surface source. The end result will be a structurally deficient building. There are numerous possibilities for corrosion of steel in the footing portion due to underground water entry.

Keywords: Water management, Construction site, Underground water, Construction project

Authors: Akshay S. Kalmegh , Dr. Nitin W. Ingole

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the implementation and obstacles of watershed management, and the alternative solutions based on a synoptic review of related studies and experiences in watershed area. Evaluation of impact on watershed by using different indices was carried out to evaluate the watershed performance of Indla-Ghatkhed watersheds. These watersheds are in satpuda region, Amravati district, Maharashtra, India. Watershed is not simply the hydrological unit but also socio-political ecological security and provides life support services to rural people. The criteria for selecting watershed site also depend on the objectives of development and terrain slope. Watershed project plays important role in managing soil and water resources through the world. During the study of papers additional treatments suggested for the watershed area are graded bund, loose boulder structure, gabian structure, cement plug, Field trench, Dry land horticulture, Far Pond and plantation along with new treatments like WANT and gully plug have been recommended for better results. It was observed that the farmers in Indla-Ghatkhed watershed have participated moderately in the watershed development programme planning and implementation stages, whereas, high level of participation was exhibited by farmers in maintenance stage of watershed development programme.

Keywords: Watershed development, Management Indicator, Socio-economic indicator, Water conservation, Sustainability Indicator.

Authors- Dr. Nitin W. Ingole, Prof. S.V. Dharpal, Pritee H. Choudhary

Abstract- The objective of this study is to contribute in the search for low-cost adsorbents and investigate the parameters that influence the adsorption of heavy metals on adsorbents using various Adsorption Isotherm Models. The large industries mainly chemical industries discharge these heavy metal ions in the form of chemicals directly into the water of river, lake, sea. They cause health issues for living beings specially flora and fauna which survives into the water. So, it is compulsory to remove those toxic metal ions to illuminate the health risk of living beings and plant as well. There are lots of techniques present to remove that heavy metal ion like ion-exchange, chemical precipitation, coagulation-flocculation & flotation, adsorption, membrane filtration. Among all of the process, adsorption is the best suitable method for illumination of toxicity of heavy metal ions from industrial waste water effluent. Here adsorption performs a useful method for removal process with lots of advantages because this is the low cost method with eco-friendly in nature. Biosorption is an environmental friendly method for metal removal as it can be used as a cost effective and efficient technique for heavy metal removal. A lot of biomass can be choosen as biosorbent such as waste material from food processing and agriculture. Ent. Biosorption offers the advantages of low cost, good efficiency and production of sludge with high metal content is possible to avoid by the existence of metal recovery method from metal loaded biosorbent.

 keywords-:   Adsorption, Heavy metals, Biosorption, Isotherm, Biosorbent

Authors: Raisa Jabeen, Sanjeev T P, Shivaprasad H

Abstract: Ground water is a characteristic asset for drinking water not with standing the populace development; urbanization and industrialization likewise broaden the interest of water. Giving safe drinking water supply to the steadily developing metropolitan and sub-metropolitan populace will beatest to the common specialists, city organizers, strategy producers and tree huggers. Groundwater is a significant well spring of savouring waters both metropolitan and provincial spaces of Kandavaralake close to Chikkaballapura. Chikkaballapura city is quickly raising populace, changing way of life and exceptional rivalry among clients agribusiness, industry and homegrown areas is driving the groundwater table lower. Moreover, release of untreated waste water through exhausts and leachate from informal removal of strongs quanders like wisede file ground water, consequently lessening nature of new water assets. The current work is pointed toward surveying the water quality list for the groundwater tests of Kandavaralake region.

The groundwater tests of around 12 examples were gathered and oppressed for a thorough physico-substance investigation. The reasons for this examination are to give an outline of present ground water quality for the accompanying 12 boundaries like pH, complete hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, all out broke up solids, iron, fluoride, alkalinity are to be considered for figuring the WQI. The outcomes are dissected by WQI technique for anticipating water quality.

Water Quality Index (WQI) is an exceptionally valuable and compelling route for surveying the nature of water.WQI is a valuable device for imparting the data on generally nature of water.

Keywords: Groundwater, Water quality standards, Water quality characteristics, Water quality index 

Authors: Dr. Meenal Rathi, Vikram Shekhawat

Abstract: Drought-prone regions often face critical challenges in groundwater depletion, threatening water security and agricultural sustainability. This paper addresses key strategies for sustainable groundwater management with a focus on recharge enhancement, efficient usage, community engagement, and policy reforms. Through a blend of traditional wisdom and modern technology, such as aquifer mapping, drip irrigation, and managed aquifer recharge (MAR), this study emphasizes holistic approaches that ensure equitable, long-term groundwater availability. Case examples and practical tools are presented to highlight the integration of science, policy, and local participation in water management.

Keywords: Groundwater Recharge, Drought Management, MAR, Water Policy, Community Participation, Aquifer Sustainability

Authors: Deepak Sharma, Kusum Patel

Abstract: Today, India is in serious need of solutions to its water issue. The country is confronted with a significant challenge: increasing the production of drinking fresh water. Without an uninterrupted supply of high-quality drinkable water, no socioeconomic progress or even political stability will be feasible. As a result, it is evident that river revitalization will need to be dispersed across the country. In other words, we will need to collect rainwater where it falls across broad swaths of the country in order to guarantee local water security and recharge every well. The current study looks at the existence of water resources in India from two perspectives: pollution in river basins and the necessity for river rejuvenation activities in India. This is based on the need for river rejuvenation in India and the impact on water resources caused by the dumping of various sources and forms of pollutants in river basins.

Keywords: Indian rivers, River ecosystem, Rainwater, Pollution

Authors: Dr.Nitin W. Ingole, Vaibhav R. Dhawale

Abstract: Production of biogas (methane-rich) by anaerobic digestion of organic waste provides a versatile energy source; methane can be used for the generation of renewable heat, electricity and fuel in replacement for fossil fuels, thus contributing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and slowing down the climate change. Anaerobic digestion is a suitable technology for treating organic wastes with varying composition such as the organic fraction of municipal solids waste, biological sludge, agricultural residues, animal farm waste, fruit processing waste, animal by-products, food waste, glycerol (biodiesel by-product) and algal biomass. Anaerobic digestion treatments have often been used for biological stabilization of organic wastes. These treatment processes generate biogas which can be used as a renewable energy sources. Recently, anaerobic digestion of organic wastes has attracted more interest because of current environmental problems, most especially those concerned with global warming. When considering the organic waste treatment we have generally in mind organic mineralization, biological stabilisation and detoxification of pollutants. Most common organic wastes contain compounds that are mainly well biodegradable. They can be readily mineralized either through biological treatment (aerobic or anaerobic), or thermochemical treatment such as incineration, pyrolysis and gasification. Most organic wastes produced today originate in municipal, industrial and agricultural sector. Municipal waste (as well as municipal wastewater sludge) is generated in human biological and social activities and contains a large portion of organic waste readily available for treatment. Most of the organic wastes appear in solid form; however contain up to 90% of moisture, therefore thermochemical treatment such as incineration cannot be applied. To address sustainability in the treatment of organic wastes, environmental aspect, energy aspect and economical aspect of the treatment processes should be considered.

Thus, laboratory-scale research on this area has increased significantly. In this review paper, the summary of the most recent research activities covering production of biogas from organic wastes according to its origin via various anaerobic technologies was presented.

Keywords:- Biogas, Organic waste, Methane, Anaerobic Digestion 

Authors: P.G.Yadav, N. W. Ingole

Abstract: The Indian textile industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of the Indian economy. It is a sector that provides livelihood to around 100 million people directly or indirectly. The textile manufacturing involves the use of various synthetic dyes and toxic chemicals which are the major cause of the pollution. These dyes that are use in the manufacturing process are complex in nature and are found to have detrimental effects on the human health and the environment. Also, these dyes reduce the penetration of the sunlight and thus affect the photosynthetic activity. Considering the toxic nature of the effluents and the strict environmental norms, it has become necessary to treat this highly loaded effluent before discharging it or its disposal. The aim of this paper is to review the various available methods for the treatment of textile waste and particularly used for the removal of dyes. Various methods such as physical, chemical and biological methods are discussed in this paper for their suitability and adaptability.

Keyword: Dyes, Textile wastewater, Carcinogenic, Toxic, Synthetic dye

 

Authors: Manish Kushwaha, Dr.R.L.S.Sikarwar

Abstract: Stagnating agriculture and consequent failure of rapid economic growth to bring about poverty reduction as envisaged have been major constraints for India’s economic growth. Contrary to the view that slow-down in public investment for irrigation development is mainly responsible for the deceleration of agricultural growth, the paper argues that in spite of the Government initiatives and substantial investments in irrigation development, the area irrigated by public irrigation systems in India has stagnated or even declined. India’s irrigation economy has been undergoing a dramatic transformation with the control of irrigation shifting from the government to the individual farmers through millions of wells owned and operated by them. Though the booming tube well irrigation has generated substantial socio-ecological dividends in terms of flood mitigation and reduction in water logging and soil Stalinization, it has also been responsible for resource depletion and contamination of ground water in some parts of the country, leading to various adverse environmental and socio-economic consequences. There is need for achieving the right balance between supply and demand side measures for forging a sustainable ground water governance regime. Problems of groundwater overexploitation in India are bound to become more acute and widespread in the years to come unless corrective mechanisms are put in place before the problem becomes insolvable or not worth solving. Lack of information and absence of systematic monitoring of availability and withdrawal of ground water is a major barrier that prevents the transition from groundwater development to management mode. Further, unlike in the case of surface water irrigation systems, public agencies have only an indirect role to play in the national ground water sector due to its development mostly in the private, ‘informal’ sector and the quality and amount of application of science and management to this sector has been much less when compared to the former.

Keywords: Ground Water, Business Economics, Agriculture, Consequent Failure, Economic Growth

Authors: Dr. Ramesh Kumar, Ms. Priya Nair

Abstract: Heavy metal bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems poses a significant threat to biodiversity, water quality, and human health. These toxic metals, including cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury, enter aquatic systems through industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and urban pollution. Once introduced, they accumulate in sediments and progressively move through the food chain, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification. This paper explores the mechanisms of heavy metal bioaccumulation, its impacts on aquatic organisms and human health, and engineering solutions to mitigate these challenges. Recent advancements in bioremediation, nanotechnology-based adsorbents, phytoremediation, and membrane filtration technologies are discussed. Furthermore, integrated engineering approaches combining ecological and technological solutions are highlighted to provide sustainable strategies for reducing heavy metal contamination in aquatic systems.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Bioaccumulation, Aquatic ecosystems, Bioremediation, Engineering solutions

Author: Kashish Gupta

Abstract: Water is a necessary component of life on Earth. Water access may be considered a fundamental human right. In general, water is seen to be a free community. Water, on the other hand, is today regarded as a socio-economic resource rather than a natural resource all over the globe. Through its usage in productive activities, it offers a variety of economic advantages to people and businesses. India is now experiencing a severe water shortage. India now has 16 percent of the world's population but just 4 percent of the world's total water resources. The growing physical scarcity of water resources in India is due to increased demand and consistent supply of water resources. From an economic standpoint, the current study examines the value of water resources and developing problems linked to water shortage in India.

Keywords: Water Economy, Economic Development, Groundwater Depletion

Authors: S. Baliram, J. Arun Kumar

Abstract: A study was conducted for the primary treatment and management of sewage generated in residential area and a sewage treatment plant was designed. The total sewage generated in one day was estimated by considering the projected population for the next 30 years. The various components of primary sewage treatment plant viz. screening chamber, grit chamber, skimming tank, sedimentation tank, active sludge tank and sludge drying bed were designed considering the various standards and permissible limits of treated sewage water. It was concluded from the study that in next 30 years of the sewage estimated by considering population. The receiving chamber and the coarse screen and Grit chamber and Primary sedimentation tank and trickling filter and the aeration tank and sludge dry bed will be designed effectively to treat the sewage water at primary stage keeping the sewage quality within the permissible limits. Generally, sewage create nuisance in atmosphere so that treatment plant was designed. The main concept of sewage treatment plant is to reduce the strength of sewage by decreasing the oxygen content before going to disposal of waste.  It was recommended that the treated water will be supplied for irrigating the crops on Research Farm and the remaining sludge after treatment will be used as manure on Farm. The use of treated water will reduce the ground water use and additionally the treated sludge will be very useful for increasing the fertility of soil.

Keywords: Sewage treatment plant, Laboratory Equipment’s, Treatment Plant

Authors: Manish Kushwaha, Dr.R.L.S.Sikarwar

Abstract: Where water is scarce but demand is growing, water markets offer an opportunity to in-crease economic efficiency by enabling the reallocation of water among users and sectors. While buyers and sellers willingly enter into such transactions, indirect impacts on agricultural communities can be devastating, as intersect oral transfers may substantially alter the nature of the community’s underlying economy. This study investigates the potential economic impacts of irrigation water transfers on Uvalde County, Texas, accounting for the indirect and induced effects that crop mix changes have on agricultural input industries and labor, as well as positive impacts resulting from the influx of water permit payments into the local economy. Results from modeling these impacts using locally-produced crop budgets versus the model’s aggregate production functions are compared. Overall we find that water transfers negatively affect the county’s employment, labor income, and output significantly, and that labor income changes are particularly sensitive to the use of crop budgets as opposed to aggregate production functions.

Keywords: Irrigation Water, Business Economics, Growing, Water Markets, Economic Efficiency

Authors: Dr. Jyotsna Lal

Abstract: Central Pollution Control Board guidelines and court directions are yet to achieve the desired result of keeping rivers and lakes free of polluting heavy metals and PoP used in idols. As Durga Puja and Dussehra festivities conclude, rivers and lakes once again became more polluted following immersion of idols worshipped in puja pandals across cities. The guidelines formulated by the Central and state pollution control boards (CPCB and SPCBs) went largely unheeded in spite of some efforts by municipal bodies and police to curtail the practice.

 

 Environmentalists and river experts have been campaigning against these idol immersions for over a decade now. Judicial interventions in the past, however, have not yielded the desired result. Every year, after Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga Puja and Kali Puja, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) levels in rivers increase dramatically.

Keywords: Metal Pollution, CPCB, SPCBs

Authors: Dr. Kavita Rane, Arjun Mehta

Abstract: Rapid urbanization has led to excessive surface runoff and increasing demand on water resources. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems offer an efficient and sustainable method of mitigating urban water stress. This paper presents a comprehensive approach for the design and optimization of RWH systems in urban settings. The study examines design parameters, performance modeling, and cost optimization for rooftops and community systems. Through simulations and case analyses, this research highlights scalable and efficient system configurations tailored for various urban environments.

Keywords: Rainwater harvesting, Urban design, Sustainability, Rooftop collection, Optimization, Stormwater management

Authors: Suresh Tyagi

Abstract: Hot water is required in every home, particularly during the winter, for various activities such as bathing, washing, and other purposes, and it is also required in many industries for the production of their products. Traditional methods of heating water have been used since ancient times, but they use a lot of fossil fuels or electricity, which has an effect on the economy of every home or business. However, since solar radiation is abundant, it is the primary alternative to a traditional source of energy that can be harnessed and used for water heating. This form of water heating is both environmentally friendly and cost-effective. The size of a solar system is determined by the amount of sunlight available, the temperature required, the location of the solar system, and other factors. This paper provides an overview of the different ways in which solar radiation can be used to heat water.

Keywords: Solar energy collector, Nuclear Fusion, Active and passive system, Solar heater

Author: Yashi Saksena

Abstract: In the recent years, studies have highlighted the links between climatic changes in the area and its connection with local agricultural practices. This paper shall specifically attempt to study the crisis of groundwater in Maharashtra, with links to agricultural practices. Maharashtra is one of the most important states in the country in terms of its agricultural yield & production. It is one of the prime producers of cash crops for the country along with good amounts of staple crops such as rice and pulses. Acute water shortage is a yearly affair in most parts of Maharashtra.

 Groundwater in Maharashtra is intrinsically linked with the local agricultural practices. Crop selection and irrigation methods deployed by the farmers are some major determinants. The paper attempts to identify linkages between farming of water intensive crops such as sugarcane & cotton and verify its suitability for production. Need for shift in agricultural practices and crop selection along with development of alternate markets are indicated as a step towards a sustained improvement of groundwater availability in the state and a step away from increasingly severe droughts.

Authors: Digvijay S. Shinde, Dr. D. B. Desai, Dr. Abhijit M. Zende

Abstract: The water present in the ground changes its levels for many reasons. The groundwater level mainly changes due to natural phenomena and human activities. A natural phenomenon refers to the precipitation and the infiltration of water, whereas manmade activities refer to groundwater used for the supply system of water. Some groundwater sources are heavily used for water supply, but some sources have very little use. Some wells are referred to as monitoring wells, which are used to maintain the records of the groundwater level fluctuation. This recorded data can be used for the detailed study of groundwater fluctuations. The data can be recorded at 30min intervals or on a daily basis. Daily basis recorded data is used for a long period of time. Also, water level changes can be referred to as short-term changes and long-term changes. Short term changes can be observed when the water level readings are recorded many times a day. While the long-term changes can be observed by the data collected for many years. There are so many factors that can affect water levels in the aquifer changes over time. The groundwater levels are majorly affected by the three main factors, 1) change in the volume of water available in the aquifer, 2) change in atmospheric pressure 3) Changes caused by aquifer deformation.

Authors:-J. Anvesh, D. Naresh Kumar, P. Sai Chandra, D. Karun Kavith, N. Kanakaraju, M. Rambabu

Abstract:-This paper describes the analysis of lift irrigation in Talveda Village, Nizamabad district. Telangana. The lift irrigation main work is to lift the water from low elevation (river) to high elevation (hill). It is combined with water and land elevation, this conservation of water will help for more cultivation of agriculture land and domestic purpose of the study area. Talveda village Watershed model prepared by SAGA software and we calculated the break horse power and discharge of water from the pump. This is a Preliminary survey for lift irrigation project to analyze the elevation, contour, slope, flow direction, watershed basins of the study area with Digital elevation model. Godavari River to talveda village the distance is 8 km, and elevation is 348.6 m or 1143.8 feet, the diameter of the pipe is 914mm, water velocity is 5 fbs and we concluded that discharge1000 lps of water possible to the occupation of surface water 700ha. We concluded that if the construct of lift irrigation that will help to cultivate 700hectars of land.

Authors:  Dr. Animesh R. Iyer, Ms. Pranita M. Shah

Abstract: Climate change, population growth, and erratic rainfall patterns have intensified water stress in India, necessitating a paradigm shift in water governance through holistic River Basin Management (RBM) and Interlinking of Rivers (ILR). This paper explores the evolving role of RBM as an integrative framework to manage, conserve, and equitably distribute water resources across states and sectors. We also critically analyze India’s ILR program as a large-scale hydrological engineering intervention aimed at flood mitigation and drought management. Through a review of case studies, data on water imbalances, and the effectiveness of basin-level coordination, this paper presents a synthesis of ecological, technical, and socio-political factors. Recommendations focus on enhancing stakeholder participation, institutional governance, and integrated water policies that are resilient to future uncertainties.

Keywords: River basin management, Interlinking of rivers, Integrated water ISSN No. 2457-0095 (Online)z resources management, Watershed hydrology, Water governance, Flood and drought mitigation, Climate resilience

Authors: Dr. Meera Sharma, Rohit Sen

Abstract: Climate change is significantly altering the hydrological characteristics of river basins across the globe. From shifting precipitation patterns to rising temperatures, these environmental transformations disrupt runoff, streamflow, and groundwater recharge processes. This paper explores how these climate induced changes impact river basin hydrology, focusing on observed patterns, projected models, and implications for water management. Key case studies are highlighted to demonstrate the variability and severity of impacts depending on regional conditions. Effective adaptation strategies and integrated watershed management approaches are also discussed.

Keywords: Climate change, River basin, Hydrology, Streamflow, Watershed management, Runoff

Authors: Dr. Radhika Menon, Arjun Rathi

Abstract: Climate change poses a significant threat to watershed hydrology by altering precipitation patterns, increasing evaporation rates, and disrupting water availability. This paper investigates how climate variability affects streamflow, groundwater recharge, and surface runoff within watershed systems. By integrating case studies, hydrological models, and observed data, the paper evaluates potential future scenarios and highlights adaptive strategies for sustainable water resource management. The findings underscore the importance of revising watershed planning approaches in light of changing climatic conditions to maintain ecological balance and ensure water security.

Keywords: Climate Change, Watershed Hydrology, Streamflow, Runoff, Hydrological Modeling, Water Resources

Authors: Dr. Neha Bansal, Ankit Reddy

Abstract: Check dams have emerged as crucial components in watershed development initiatives across arid and semi-arid regions. Functioning as small, cost-effective structures for water conservation, they facilitate groundwater recharge, soil moisture retention, and erosion control. This paper explores the multifaceted role of check dams in enhancing water resource availability, promoting agricultural productivity, and improving rural livelihoods. A detailed evaluation of structural design, location suitability, and performance analysis is conducted. Case studies from India and other developing nations highlight their impact on ecological restoration and community participation. The research underscores the necessity of integrating check dams within broader watershed management frameworks to ensure long-term hydrological sustainability.

Keywords: Check dams, watershed development, groundwater recharge, soil conservation, rural water management, hydrology

Authors: Dr. Neha Sharma, Mr. Abhishek Reddy

Abstract: The increasing frequency and severity of floods across the globe have necessitated the development of accurate and efficient tools for floodplain mapping and risk assessment. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology offers a powerful platform to visualize, analyze, and interpret flood-prone areas through spatial and temporal data integration. This paper explores the critical role of GIS in floodplain mapping and the assessment of flood risk by integrating hydrological, topographical, meteorological, and socio-economic data. The study highlights various GIS-based techniques, case studies, and risk evaluation models that assist in policy-making, disaster preparedness, and mitigation strategies. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving GIS-based floodplain mapping systems and emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and updated data for accurate flood hazard management.

Keywords: Floodplain Mapping, GIS, Risk Assessment, Hydrological Modeling, Spatial Analysis, Flood Mitigation, Urban Flooding, Hazard Mapping

Authors: Dr. Ramesh V. Kulkarni, Asha Menon

Abstract: Integrated Watershed Management (IWM) offers a transformative solution for ensuring rural water security through a holistic approach that combines hydrology, ecology, and community participation. This paper explores the principles, practices, and benefits of IWM, with a focus on rural India. By evaluating case studies, key policy frameworks, and successful implementation strategies, the study highlights how integrating soil and water conservation, afforestation, rainwater harvesting, and livelihood support activities can rejuvenate watersheds and restore the rural water economy. The role of stakeholder engagement, geospatial tools, and government schemes is critically analyzed to propose a replicable IWM model.

 Keywords: Integrated Watershed Management (IWM), Rural Water Security, Soil and Water Conservation, Community Participation, Geospatial Tools

Authors: Dr. Meenal R. Choudhary, Ravi D. Thakur

Abstract: Freshwater ecosystems are vital to ecological stability and human well-being, yet they face increasing threats from industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and urbanization. Traditional chemical monitoring methods provide valuable data but often fail to capture the holistic ecological status of aquatic environments. Bioindicators, including macroinvertebrates, algae, fish, and amphibians, offer an ecologically relevant and cost-effective approach for assessing freshwater pollution. Their presence, absence, diversity, and physiological responses reflect cumulative environmental stress, enabling more time-integrated monitoring than chemical analyses alone. Standardized bioindicator indices such as the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score, Ephemeroptera–Plecoptera Trichoptera (EPT) richness, Trophic Diatom Index (TDI), and Fish Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) are widely applied in water quality assessment. Applications range from detecting heavy metal contamination to monitoring eutrophication and climate change impacts. A case study from the Ganga River Basin demonstrates how biological assessments complement chemical data to reveal spatial patterns of degradation. Despite challenges such as taxonomic expertise requirements and natural variability, bioindicators remain indispensable for sustainable freshwater management. The integration of biological and chemical monitoring, supported by training, standardized protocols, and stronger legislative inclusion, is essential for effective water governance and biodiversity conservation.

Keywords: Bioindicators, Freshwater Pollution, Macroinvertebrates, Diatoms, Fish Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI)

Authors: Dr. Kavita Deshmukh, Rajesh Meena

Abstract: Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have revolutionized hydrological modeling by enhancing spatial and temporal data availability. These technologies facilitate watershed delineation, rainfall-runoff modeling, flood forecasting, groundwater mapping, and land use analysis. This paper explores the integration of remote sensing and GIS in hydrological models, comparing different techniques and highlighting their advantages in accuracy and resource management. It also emphasizes recent advancements in satellite imagery and digital elevation models (DEMs), offering a comprehensive overview of their applications in sustainable water resource management in data-scarce regions.

Keywords: Remote sensing, GIS, Hydrological modeling, Watershed, DEM, Flood forecasting, Water resources

Authors : Dr. Radhika V. Iyer, Aarav N. Choudhury

Abstract : Pharmaceutical contaminants have emerged as an invisible threat in global water bodies due to their continuous release from multiple sources. These include improper drug disposal, industrial effluents, excretion from medicated humans and animals, and agricultural runoff. Even at trace concentrations, these contaminants may have profound ecotoxicological effects such as endocrine disruption, behavioral changes in aquatic fauna, and the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This paper explores the principal sources, pathways, and detection methodologies of pharmaceutical pollutants and critically evaluates current and emerging treatment technologies. Furthermore, it discusses regulatory gaps and proposes sustainable mitigation strategies that encompass green chemistry, public awareness, and policy reinforcement. The paper emphasizes that a multi-pronged approach is vital for protecting aquatic ecosystems from pharmaceutical contamination.

Authors: Dr. Meenakshi Rajput, Mr. Kunal Sharma

Abstract: Smart irrigation systems have emerged as a transformative solution to address the global water crisis in agriculture. Traditional irrigation methods often result in water wastage due to manual control, improper scheduling, or lack of real-time field monitoring. By integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, irrigation can be precisely managed based on real-time environmental data such as soil moisture, temperature, and humidity. This paper explores the design, deployment, and performance evaluation of IoT-enabled irrigation systems with a focus on water savings and crop yield optimization. A case study conducted in semi-arid agricultural zones in Maharashtra demonstrates up to 40% reduction in water usage without compromising productivity. The research also highlights challenges related to sensor calibration, network reliability, and farmer adaptability. This paper concludes by recommending policy-level integration and future enhancement using AI-driven predictive analytics to improve irrigation precision and sustainability.

Keywords: Smart Irrigation, IoT, Soil Moisture Sensors, Water Conservation, Precision Agriculture, Real-Time Monitoring, Sustainable Farming

Authors: Dr. Nilesh R. Pawar

Abstract: Semi-arid regions frequently struggle with unreliable rainfall, extended dry spells, and limited water availability. Efficient design of small-scale irrigation systems becomes essential for sustaining agriculture and ensuring food security in such zones. This paper explores the key design considerations, appropriate technologies, and optimization methods for developing small-scale irrigation systems tailored to semi-arid climates. It discusses water-efficient systems like drip and sprinkler irrigation, the role of water harvesting, integration with solar-powered pumps, and the importance of community-based participatory planning. The findings emphasize sustainable development strategies to enhance water use efficiency and improve crop yields while maintaining ecological balance. Practical recommendations and design parameters are proposed to guide future implementations in water-stressed rural communities.

Keywords: Semi-arid zones, small-scale irrigation, water efficiency, drip systems, solar pumps, participatory planning, sustainable agriculture.

Authors: Dr. Kunal S. Mehta, Priya L. Vyas

Abstract:  Sediments in riverbeds act as both sinks and sources of pollutants, making them critical in understanding long-term contamination in aquatic ecosystems. This paper delves into sediment quality assessment in polluted rivers, with emphasis on chemical composition, biological implications, and methods of evaluation. It discusses heavy metal accumulation, organic matter content, and toxicological indices used globally. Through case studies and index comparisons, this paper identifies spatial patterns of pollution and links sediment quality with ecosystem and human health risks. The assessment methods highlighted provide insights for sustainable river management and restoration strategies.

Keywords: Sediment quality, Polluted Rivers, Heavy metals, Contamination indices, River ecology

Authors: Dr. Prashant Mehra, Ritika Sharma

Abstract: Reservoirs serve as vital infrastructures for water supply, irrigation, hydropower generation, and flood control. However, efficient operation and long-term sustainability of reservoirs are challenged by sediment accumulation and fluctuating hydrological conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of modern strategies for integrated reservoir operation and sediment management. The study focuses on sediment routing, sluicing, flushing, and dredging techniques, along with optimization-based operation models. Case studies from global reservoirs are evaluated to understand performance under varying climatic and geographical conditions. Through the adoption of adaptive operational frameworks and innovative sediment control measures, water resource engineers can significantly improve the storage efficiency and operational longevity of reservoirs.

Keywords: Reservoir operation, sediment management, sluicing, flushing, optimization, water resources, storage efficiency

Authors: Dr. Nikhil Das , Shweta Rao

Abstract: Semi-arid regions face acute groundwater stress due to erratic rainfall, over extraction, and limited surface water availability. Sustainable groundwater management is imperative to ensure long-term water security, especially for agriculture and domestic use. This paper explores key strategies for sustainable use and recharge, including managed aquifer recharge (MAR), demand-side management, policy interventions, and community participation. Case studies from India and Africa illustrate effective approaches and outcomes. The role of technology, policy, and traditional knowledge is critically analyzed to present an integrated management framework suited for semi-arid environments.

Keywords: Groundwater recharge, Semi-arid regions, Managed aquifer recharge, Sustainable water management, Policy, Community participation

Authors: Dr. Meenakshi Iyer, Rahul Dandekar

Abstract: Reservoirs are vital infrastructures in water resource systems, supporting irrigation, hydropower, flood control, and drinking water supply. However, sediment accumulation significantly hampers their storage capacity and operational efficiency over time. This paper investigates comprehensive strategies for reservoir operation and sediment management. It explores sedimentation processes, quantifies its impacts, and reviews techniques such as drawdown flushing, sluicing, bypassing, dredging, and watershed management. Emphasis is also placed on integrating adaptive operation rules, real-time monitoring, and sediment routing models. The analysis highlights case studies and innovations enhancing sediment control while maximizing reservoir utility. The study concludes with policy and design recommendations for sustainable sediment management in existing and new reservoirs.

Keywords: Reservoir Operation, Sediment Management, Sluicing, Flushing, Dredging, Watershed Management, Storage Loss

Author's: Dr. Priya Sharma,Mr. Rohan Mehta

Abstract: Dams are critical infrastructures that offer diverse benefits such as irrigation, hydroelectric power, flood control, and water supply. However, they also pose significant safety risks due to structural aging, extreme weather events, seismic activities, and operational inefficiencies. This paper assesses the current state of dam safety in India and globally, discusses major failure mechanisms, and highlights risk mitigation strategies through engineering design, technological innovations, and real-time monitoring systems. Case studies of historic dam failures are analyzed to draw lessons and formulate a proactive safety and maintenance framework. The paper concludes with a multi-tiered risk assessment methodology incorporating artificial intelligence (AI), remote sensing, and public preparedness programs to enhance long-term dam resilience.

Keywords: Dam Safety, Risk Assessment, Failure Mechanisms, Real-time Monitoring, Emergency Preparedness

Authors:-Kumar rishabh, Pawan Taneja, lokendra singh karnawat

Abstract:-

In the present world where fresh water scarcity is increasing rapidly it is our responsibility to retreat the wastewater and make it reusable for different purposes so that the fresh water demand could be reduced. The treated effluent can be reused in many ways like spraying the water in the fields, washing of automobiles present in the campus, gardening, irrigation in local village, etc. So there are various types of wastewater treatment process some of them which are ASP, MBBR, MBR, UASBR, SBR, Anaerobic Digestion, Electro-coagulation, Trickle-Bed Reactor, Ultra-Filtration and more. But most widely used are ASP, MBBR, and UASBR. This research paper deals with the MBBR Technology as the BOD, COD and TSS removal efficiency of MBBR Technology is much higher than other technologies because of the presence of small bio-media in the aeration tank which enhances the bacterial colonies in the bio-media hence the rate of decomposition of the sludge present in the chamber is increased. This process is often used in the existing ASP based process to increase its efficiency and recycling of the sludge is not required in this method.
This MBBR Technology is proposed for MITRC, Alwar, and Rajasthan. In the college campus presently no treatment of the wastewater is done and the effluent goes to the local drains from where it passes to the river. So, in this research paper a proposal of design of a 100KLD sewage treatment plant is made using MBBR technology.

Authors: Dr. S. Sreeremya

Abstract: The Indian Skimmer Rynchops albicollis is an endemic and the threatened bird and falls in the vulnerable category of the Bird Life-IUCN. It majorly acts as a pollution indicator. The Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) has been studying these species because it act as ecoindicator.

Authors:-Dr.S.Sreeremya

Abstract:-Water is having several dynamic properties. There is a unique feature called water memory, it’s been called water memory because it has key absorption properties. This paper discusses the various dynamic characteristics of water.

Authors:-Venkatesh R. Kulkarni, Piyush K. Bhandari, N. M. Mulik, Ayan A. Sengupta, Bhimaji D. Kanawade

Abstract:-Waste water treatment costs extra strain on every private and civic body. Previously waste used to be just dumped at refusal area without prior treatment. But it caused pollution and several environmental issues. Different treatment methods are implemented to treat this waste but are associated with certain limitations. Researchers have developed a wetland treatment method as a cost-effective technology dependent on nature for the treatment of waste. Vegetation and associated micro-organisms growing on wetland can break down the waste without charging extra operation cost. Constructed wetlands (CWL) are found to be capable enough to treat municipal, industrial sewage as well as stormwater runoffs. Pollutants present in wastewater are adsorbed by plants and microbes so their level is reduced down to make water reusable. In the present study, three case studies show evidence of the efficiency of CWL to treat different types of waste using locally available plant species. CWL also provides a natural habitat for living organisms and provides an aesthetic view for wetland landscape.

 

Author's: S.C.Patle, Dr.S.R.Asati

Abstract: The wastewater from industries varies so greatly in both flow and proportional strength. Industrial wastewater may contain suspended, colloidal, minerals and organic solids. In a typical wastewater treatment flow sheet used by several industrial units in India primary treatment, Secondary treatment and Tertiary treatment are various stages of treatment. The use of Rice Husk as adsorbent for the removal of COD and oil & grease wastewater has been explored in a laboratory scale experiment. The Rice Husk used for the present work was treated with alkali to increase the adsorption properties.

Keywords: Oil Industry, Wastewater, Adsorbent, Rice Husk

Author's: Dr. Rishabh Malhotra, Priya Khandelwal, PG Scholar

Abstract: Urban flooding has emerged as a recurrent disaster threatening infrastructure, economy, and human lives, especially in densely populated cities. Rapid urbanization, inadequate drainage, and climate-induced extreme rainfall events have aggravated the frequency and severity of floods. Hydraulic structures such as detention basins, retention ponds, underground storage systems, and diversion channels play a pivotal role in mitigating urban floods. This paper explores the design principles, performance evaluation, and integration of hydraulic structures into urban stormwater management systems. Through case studies and tabulated comparisons, we analyze how these engineering interventions enhance resilience and minimize the impact of urban flood events.

Keywords: Urban flooding, hydraulic structures, detention basin, retention pond, flood mitigation, stormwater management, resilience

Author's: S. Kalpana, R. Uma

Abstract: Urbanization accompanies the introduction of vast impervious areas and efficient hydraulic conveyance systems resulting changes to an urban setting to dramatically alter the surface hydrology. Remote sensing techniques have been used for monitor the land use changes of Bangalore city over the past five decades (1965-2014) and their impact on natural drainage system. Satellite derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and topographic sheets are used to delineate natural drainage pattern of the study area. In this study, corona and LISS-IV data is used along with other ancillary data like rainfall and flow data. Using visual interpretation and field knowledge of the area the surface water bodies/Tanks/Lakes and drainage network was delineated using GIS tool. The results revealed that water bodies were reduced in number and surface area, shape, and some portions of crop lands were converted into built-up areas. SRTM DEM is used for evaluation of morphological parameters like density, slope, stream length etc. Based on pour point and drainage pattern, the entire study area was demarcated as three watersheds. The surface runoff has been generated using Strom Water Management Model (SWMM), which operates on a basis of sub catchment areas precipitation. The runoff volumes obtained from SWMM tool and manual method are compared.

Keywords: Storm Water Management Model, Geographical Information System, Digital Elevation Model, LISS -IV

Authors:-Rashi Modi, Kavya J, Sameeksha Patel, Clince Joshy, Parinitha T Niranjan, Rajeshwari R

Abstract:-Groundwater in India is significantly contaminated by fluoride, affecting 11.7 million people across 335 districts. In this study, we analyzed the fluoride removal efficiency of Tamarind seed activated carbon (TISC) as well as Zinc Chloride coated Tamarind seed activated carbon (ZTISC) in batch mode of operation for both synthetic fluoride solution and groundwater rich in fluoride. Effect of different operating conditions including contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration was studied. The adsorption capacity of TISC was 0.8256 mg/g and that of ZTISC was 0.4963 mg/g. The maximum fluoride removal occurred at neutral pH for adsorbent dose of 1 g/L for an initial fluoride concentration of 2 mg/L. The removal efficiency of fluoride in groundwater was comparable to that of synthetic solution but reduced in the presence of co-ions like chlorides and bicarbonates. Removal efficiency for TISC was 82.4%, 70.23% and 80.2% for synthetic solution, GW1 and GW2 respectively. ZTISC showed low defluoridation ability compared to TISC. Removal efficiency for ZTISC was 49.6%, 42.6% and 51.5% for synthetic solution, GW1 and GW2 respectively. The experimental data was fit to different kinetic models and adsorption isotherms. Both TISC and ZTISC followed Pseudo first order kinetic reaction and Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficient, R2= 0.829 and 0.75 respectively.

Authors:- Prof. K. Nagarajan & S. Kasi

Abstract:-Domestic water use includes for drinking, food, preparation, sanitation, cleaning, watering gardens and service industry. Although the quantity of water required for domestic need is not large, the quality must be high. Therefore, water shed management and conservation are often more economical and environmentally sound ways to prevent water scarcity and store water for future use than building house dams and reservoirs. The average water consumption of sample households in different wards in Madurai is lower than the actual demand for water. Lower consumption is mainly due to supply constrains

Author's:  Dr. Ananya Gupta, Rahul Mehra

Abstract: Urbanization has significantly increased the volume and speed of stormwater runoff, resulting in frequent urban flooding and water quality deterioration. This paper explores modern design strategies and optimization techniques for urban stormwater drainage systems. It discusses the role of hydrological modeling, low impact development (LID) practices, and computer-aided simulation in enhancing system performance. A case study is analyzed to demonstrate the application of these principles. The paper concludes with the future scope of smart, resilient drainage systems in cities, incorporating real-time monitoring, data analytics, and community-driven planning.

 Keywords:  Urban Drainage, Stormwater Management, LID, Optimization, Hydrological Modeling, Flood Mitigation

Author: Dr. S. Sreeremya

Abstract: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) delineates marine debris as any of the persistent solid material that is mainly manufactured or processed and directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally disposed of or are abandoned into the marine terrain. This paper provides information regarding the strategies and laws enforced to get rid of dumping of marine debris.

Authors:-Suraj K. Patil, Megha P. Jadhav, Rushikesh P. Jadhav, Aditya A. Nikam, Santoshi M. Raorane, Rushikesh K. Koli

Abstract:-In this paper an emphasis is given on the management of water especially in drought prone area in Haroli village. From last few years Haroli village is facing scarcity of water due to uneven rainfall accompanied by mismanagement of water. The severity of problem is increasing day by day. It is a challenging task to supply water for the vast population along with agriculture and industrial area. We can deal with the problem of security only with vision and planning and proper management of water. Drought is a natural phenomenon caused by changes in weather patterns due to reduced there is less rainfall than usual. Manage the implementation of all the features and capabilities of existing and prevent water waste, speed up performances is needed to alleviate the drought. Prevent water loss, water in agriculture management and control, environmental management and treatment, water control and approach to water resources management in drought conditions in village. It is observed that Groundwater is recharged naturally by rain to a smaller extent by surface water (river and lakes). These activities can result in loss of topsoil resulting in reduced water infiltration, enhanced surface runoff and reduction in recharge. Use of groundwater, especially for irrigation, may also lower the water table.

Authors:- Shreyas BV, Keerthana R, Mahesh SM

Abstract:- The present study is about the application of marble powder into lakes for the removal of nutrients from it. Kukkarahalli Lake of Mysuru in which water quality has been deteriorating was selected for the present study. To study about the physico – chemical characteristics of the lake, water quality analysis was carried out for a period of time. Waste marble powder generated during cutting and sawing of marble was used for the study. Black marble powder was brought from Nanjangudu industrial area. This marble powder was applied to the lake water and jar test with varying dosage of it was conducted in the laboratory and also the contact time required for maximum removal of nutrients was also carried out. For comparison of marble powder with other adsorbents used for water quality improvement, alum was used. Same procedure was followed as in case of marble powder wherein marble powder proved to be better consuming less dosage for maximum removal. Overall from this study it can be inferred that even marble powder can be used for the improvement in water quality, rather than dumping it in landfill site and causing environmental pollution and causing ecological imbalance.

Authors:-D. Chandra Sekar, T. Sathanandham, D. Akila, S. Anbarasi, V. Gokul Raj, K. Marimuthu, K. Sathish Kumar

Abstract:-Our present studies investigate the adsorption process in dying waste water using natural additives. Dying industry water is creating the harmful effect on the living organisms and also affects the ground water and natural water bodies. For natural additives used in adsorption process rice husk, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, saw dust, activated bentonite clay, activated date seed, activated tea dust, activated cotton breed, neem leaf powder, and maize were used. The adsorbent doses were given 0.1 to 2.5g per 200 ml sample was used for the effective adsorption process. The dying waste water was collected from all win Tex, jay Vishnu textile units and balakumaran dying units in tirupur district. The waste water was highly alkaline, high in suspended solids and color. The above materials were employed to achieve maximum removal efficiency of color, turbidity, sulphate, chloride, iron, COD and BOD. The optimum adsorbent dosages were determined from the orbital shaker. The results shows that among various adsorption process and bacteriological process were very cost effective when compared to the chemical and other treatment process.

Authors:  Shweta Purwar, R.J. Rao

Abstract:  The proliferation of waste dumps in Pune city has become a growing menace to humans and natural ecosystems. This study has investigated to the effect of waste dump on river Pavana and river Indrayani. River Pavana flows from the city area and river Indrayani is situated near Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation where heavy solid waste dumping occurs in the river side of Pune City, water samples were collected from the different study sites of rivers during the summer and rainy season and following established protocols for water quality analysis. This Pavana River has served as the main source of water supply to many rural communities downstream. Data collected were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques. The results showed that the waste dump had significant effect on the river water quality, especially during the rainy season. Some water parameters such as electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and biological oxygen demand, recorded increased concentration levels in all seasons. The concentration levels of coliform bacteria were exceptionally high most of other water parameters correlated with the season. Ultimately, after that proper management of the dumpsite is to reduce immediate its nuisance level on the environment

Keywords: - Pavana River and Indrayani River parameters, pollution, season, waste dump, water quality.

Authors:  Ashwin Ram, Zareena Begum Irfan

Abstract:  Water is essential exhaustible natural resources that is now fast depleting due rapid population growth and climate change. Water is not just important for survival of humans but also for all other forms of life such as plants, mammals and aquatic species. It is an integral part of the ecosystem which enables both economic and non economic activities to flourish. Since Industrial revolution several major water bodies across the globe are highly being polluted with industrial effluents being the major source of point source pollution. Hence as much as the quantity, the quality of water has become an important environmental policy concern. To address this growing issue, in contrast to the traditional Command and Control (C&C) policy, several countries across the globe have made various attempts with Market Based Instruments (MBIs). This paper provides a review of literature and case study on the successful implementation of economic instruments in controlling industrial water pollution across selected developed and developing countries. The paper finally concludes with some policy suggestions as to how effectively MBIs can be implemented in India to address water pollution.

Keywords:  Water scarcity, Water pollution, Industrial effluents, Water management, Market Based Economic Instruments.

Authors: Shweta Purwar1, R. J. Rao2

Abstract:  Water is one of the major ingredients of human life. To survive and to make our self-healthy it is necessary to save the water resource. The prime objective of present research is to identify the fresh water resources in Gwalior city and locate their position on map. To fulfill the prime object of this empirical research Global Positioning System (GPS) is used to locate the exact position of the water bodies. AutoCAD designing software is used to draw the map of all water bodies. The water bodies surveyed in this study needs immediate attention at the government as well as public level. These water bodies must be conserved properly by clearing their premises, plantation in their banks and motivating the general public for sustainable use of the water resources. This paper is first of its kind which focused on identification of living water resource inside the Gwalior city and generation of AutoCAD map through the GPS data.

Keywords:  AutoCAD, Water bodies, Global positioning system, Gwalior, India.

Author: S. Sreeremya

Abstract:  Disaster Management can be described as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for typically dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters. This work incorporates the policies implemented by developing countries India for the disaster management.

Keywords: Disaster Management, Policies, Developing countries, Resources

Authors:-Shivaprasad H, Dr. Y. Ramalinga Reddy, Dr. N. T. Manjunath, Dr. D. P. Nagarajappa

Abstract:-Understanding simple techniques in Water Efficient Landscapes to enhance Surface water utilization and Groundwater Replenishment in Smart cities as a part of Landscape development and management. The paper discusses main features of water saving through efficient landscapes. A city equipped with basic infrastructure to give decent quality of life, a clean and sustainable environment through application of smart solution with a wise management of natural resources, through participatory action and engagement. The term sustainable development goes beyond the boundaries of science and business development and trade to include human development, values and differences in culture.

Understanding simple techniques in Water Efficient Landscapes to enhance Surface water utilization and Groundwater Replenishment in Smart cities as a part of Landscape development and management. The paper discusses main features of water saving through efficient landscapes. A city equipped with basic infrastructure to give decent quality of life, a clean and sustainable environment through application of smart solution with a wise management of natural resources, through participatory action and engagement. The term sustainable development goes beyond the boundaries of science and business development and trade to include human development, values and differences in culture.

Author: Dr. Rakesh Kulkarni

ABSTRACT: Check dams are small, cost-effective hydraulic structures widely used in India to augment groundwater recharge, prevent soil erosion, and improve water availability in drought-prone areas. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of check dams based on hydrogeological, structural, and social parameters. Using a combination of field data, infiltration tests, and spatial analysis across three districts in Maharashtra—Pune, Nashik, and Solapur—this study investigates the factors influencing recharge potential and maintenance needs. Key performance indicators such as siltation rates, groundwater rise, and seasonal storage are assessed. The results highlight the importance of catchment characteristics, construction quality, and community participation in ensuring sustainable outcomes. The paper further proposes a decision-support framework using GIS and remote sensing tools for optimal site selection and long-term monitoring. This research contributes valuable insights for planners, policymakers, and water resource managers striving for integrated rural water management.

 Keywords: Check Dams, Groundwater Recharge, Infiltration Analysis, Rural Hydrology, GIS, Siltation, Performance Metrics

Author: Dr. Aniket R. Kulkarni

ABSTRACT: Artificial recharge of groundwater is a crucial strategy to combat water scarcity, especially in semi-arid and drought-prone regions. This paper explores various artificial recharge techniques such as percolation tanks, recharge wells, check dams, and rainwater harvesting systems. These methods are essential for restoring declining groundwater levels and ensuring sustainable water management. Through the integration of hydrological assessment and site-specific strategies, artificial recharge contributes to long-term water security and resilience. The paper also examines case studies from India and abroad, demonstrating the effectiveness and challenges of implementation.

Keywords—Artificial Recharge, Groundwater Sustainability, Percolation Tanks, Check Dams, Water Management, Aquifer Recharge

Author: S. Sreeremya

Abstract: Air pollution causes tremendous problems to the anthropogenic community. Plants are mostly the key species which have a greater impact because of the air pollution. Kinassery being a less polluted region , the air pollution index of Mussaenda plants growing in the road sides were assessed. The study also here focuses on whether the plants in this region is affected by air pollution, if so the concentration of air pollution tolerance of plants.

 Keywords: Mussaenda, Kinassery, Anthropogenic, Air pollution

Author: Balaji

Abstract: The establishment of these telemetric rain gauge centres ,farmers and intrested will not only receive rain reports on their cell phones for every 15 minutes, even they can base their crop cultivation based on the rain recordings received from these rain gauge systemAs flood estimation is an important step in the hydrological designs, intensity studies play a very important role. In the present work, plotting of the Intensity - Duration curves has been done for the Malnadu region located in Western Ghats in Karnataka. This area has some special characteristics - it gets continuous rainfall throughout the day, on many days in monsoon Usually, Intensity - Duration is plotted storm - wise, but in the present study it is plotted day-wise. 15 minute data from three stations in the Malnadu region has been considered for the studies. Three years rainfall data is used to plot Intensity - Duration and Depth - Duration curves

 Keywords: Raingauge System, Telemetric

Author: S. Sreeremya

Abstract: Traditional biological wastewater treatment produces large quantity of low value bacterial biomass. The treatment and dumping of this excess bacterial biomass, also known as waste activated sludge, accounts for about 40–65% of the wastewater treatment plant operation cost. A different form of biomass with a higher value could crucially change the economics of wastewater treatment.

Keywords: Fungi, Waste water, Treatment, Active sludge

author: Dr. Ritesh A. Kulkarni

Abstract: Check dams play a vital role in enhancing the sustainability of watershed development programs. These structures aid in reducing runoff velocity, promoting groundwater recharge, mitigating soil erosion, and supporting agricultural productivity. This paper reviews the multifaceted roles check dams play in watershed management, supported by real-world examples and empirical data. By examining construction practices, hydrological impacts, and long-term benefits, the paper underscores how check dams function as cost-effective and environmentally friendly interventions. Recommendations for their optimal implementation in varied topographies and climatic conditions are also presented.

 Keywords

Check dams, Watershed management, Groundwater recharge, Soil conservation, Sustainable agriculture

Author: Dr. Anjali Verma

Abstract: Extreme rainfall events have become increasingly frequent and intense due to global climate variability. These events pose significant challenges for hydrologists, urban planners, and disaster managers. Hydrological modeling has emerged as a pivotal tool in forecasting such events and mitigating their impacts. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of hydrological modeling techniques, focusing on deterministic, stochastic, and data-driven methods. It emphasizes the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and machine learning to enhance prediction accuracy. Case studies from recent Indian flood events are analyzed, and a comparative evaluation of different modeling tools is provided. A hybrid framework combining physical and AI-based models is proposed to improve early warning systems and ensure community safety.

Keywords: Hydrological Modeling, Extreme Rainfall, GIS, Machine Learning, Flood Forecasting, Remote Sensing

Authors: Pradnya B. Patil, Avishkar P. Kalbhor,   Shravani M. Abnave, Rutuja R. Chandane, Shreyas.V.Gangurde, Prof. Sneha P.Mahalle

Abstract: India is one of the few countries in the world endowed with reasonable land and water resources. Being a monsoon country the rainfall is erratic, unevenly distributed and hence water scarcity in some parts and floods in other parts frequently occur. In order to produce to feed the expected population of 1650 M in 2050, there is a need to bring about 150 M Ha under irrigation from 100 M Ha at present. As more than 65% of the flow in the rivers is not utilizable and goes to sea every year, it is necessary to interlink all the rivers in the North and South to provide water to the deficit basins. Government has created a National Water Development Agency (NWDA) to study and implement the programme. At the backdrop of this, the Project is an attempt to study issues and challenges in interlinking of rivers in India from the point of view of society at large.

 Keywords: Interlinking, River Analysis, Elevation Profile, Inter basin water transfer

Authors: Banupriya, Malarmathi Divinya

Abstract: Radon has become one of the major problems in radiation protection since it cause lung cancer. It is radioactive, odorless, colorless, water soluble and the heaviest noble gas. Since rocks and soil contains radium that decays to form dissolved ²²²Rn which dissolved into underground water and surface water. The concentration of ²²²Rn in underground water depends on the concentration of its parent ²²⁶Ra in the underlying rock. In this study, the result of systematic measurement of activity concentration of ²²²Rn in ground water along the coastal regions of Chennai City is discussed. The ²²²Rn concentration in water was measured using the radon emanometry method. The associated effective doses were computed.

Keywords: 222Rn concentration, Drinking water, Chennai City, Radon emanometry, Effective dose

Authors: Mr.Jadhav P. L., Mr.Kate H.R., Gaikwad S.S

Abstract: Water is very important in our life without water human beings we cannot survive. Water is needed in agricultural field, industrial field and in daily use. In agricultural field micro irrigation is very important it saves much water; Micro irrigation has received much attention from the policy makers and others for its perceived ability to improve water productivity. Realising the significance of using micro irrigation system as a demand management strategy, an attempt has been made in this chapter to examine the social benefit-cost analysis of drip irrigation. As found in many earlier studies, the drip irrigation resulted in significant increase in yield over the flood method of irrigation. Therefore, we decided to do drip irrigation design and cost analysis of PVC pipes and flexi lay flat pipes in area of “Genba Sopanrao Moze Institute of Technology” of size55.5×72.5 m we did design, cost analysis and as well as comparison between ISI(subsidized) and NON-ISI (non-subsidized) which sufficient, economical for farmers and easy to install. As we get result that lay flat pipes are more economical than PVC pipes, If PVC pipes of size of 800µ (micron) are used government grant them subsidy, if pipe size is less than 800µ (micron) government did not grant the subsidy. Generally, farmers accept Subsidized Rigid lateral and PVC pipes because government approve them subsidy and it has more life then lay flat but government does not allow subsidy above 10 ha. And subsidy process is to late farmers has to pay first and government return them 50% subsidy but it takes 6 months. As we compare cost of two pipes of drip irrigation system we got cost difference of 44% of total amount.

Keywords: Subsidized, Non-Subsidized, Lay flat Pipe

Authors:  Dr. Rachita Menon, Mr. Ankit Verma

Abstract:  Robot-assisted manufacturing has revolutionized the production landscape, enabling greater adaptability, precision, and efficiency in modern factories. As industries transition toward smart manufacturing environments, the integration of robotic systems within flexible production lines becomes critical for meeting demands of mass customization, high product variety, and reduced lead times. This paper explores the role of robot-assisted manufacturing in enhancing flexibility across production systems, analyzing its key enabling technologies, implementation strategies, and real-world applications. The study also presents challenges in integration and proposes pathways for optimizing robot-human collaboration, system reconfigurability, and real-time responsiveness. Through a detailed analysis of adaptive robotics, digital control, and intelligent automation, this paper provides an insightful overview of how robotic integration is shaping the future of flexible, efficient, and sustainable manufacturing operations.*

Keywords: Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Industrial Robotics, Robot Assisted Production, Smart Manufacturing, Human-Robot Collaboration, Automation, Reconfigurable Systems.

Authors:  Dr. Rishabh Mehta, Ms. Aditi Sharma

Abstract:  In the era of smart manufacturing, the integration of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems has become pivotal for achieving precision, speed, and efficiency. This paper explores the synergy between CAD and CAM technologies, highlighting their role in automating complex production processes and reducing human error. From streamlined design modifications to enhanced tool path generation, integrated systems are reshaping how industries approach high-precision manufacturing. Through case studies, architecture analysis, and system benefits, the paper delves into how integrated CAD/CAM enhances productivity, ensures consistency, and facilitates innovation in manufacturing operations. Additionally, the work discusses current limitations and emerging advancements, including AI and IoT integration, which promise to elevate the efficiency of CAD/CAM systems further. The integration is not just a technological upgrade but a transformative approach aligning with Industry 4.0 standards and reshaping global production landscapes.

KeyWords: CAD/CAM Integration, Precision Manufacturing, Smart Manufacturing, CNC Automation, Industry 4.0, Digital Manufacturing

Authors:  Vaibhav S. Gondkar, Anandrao B. Kakade

Abstract:  Water is the most precious and valuable because it’s a basic need of all the human beings but, now days water supply department are facing problem in real time operation. This is because less amount of water is present in resources due to less rain fall. so, to overcome water supply related problems and make system efficient there is need of proper monitoring and controlling system. In this project, we are focusing on continuous and real time monitoring of water supply in IOT platform. Water supply with continuous monitoring makes a proper distribution so that, we can have a record of available amount of water in tanks. Internet of things is nothing but the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, sensors, software, and network connectivity. Monitoring can be done from anywhere as central office. Using ooowebhostapp.com as free sever data continuously pushed on cloud so we can see data in real time operation. Raspberry pi as Minicomputer can monitor data and also control operation from cloud with efficient client server communication.

Keywords: Raspberry pi, ESR-elevated storage reservoir

Authors:  V. Naga Sai Sindhuja, C. H. Ramesh Naidu

Abstract: Remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) are the effective tools in delineating drainage pattern. The Meghadrigedda watershed is selected for the present study and has a gross capacity of 1169 Mc. Ft. For the identification of morphological features and analyzing their properties of the Meghadrigedda basin various GIS and image processing techniques have been adopted. The linear and aerial aspects of the basin were calculated and computed. It is 7th order drainage basin and drainage pattern is dendritic type. It is observed that the drainage density value is high which indicates that the basin has impermeable subsurface and has more surface runoff. Bifurcation ratio shows that the geological structures of basin do not distort the drainage pattern.

Keywords: Morphometric analysis, Meghadrigedda watershed, GIS, Watershed

Authors:  Shrikant R Kate, Shridhar S Kumbhar

Abstract:  Safe water and sanitation is a human need and right of People need to maintain their health and dignity. Better water and sanitation is essential in breaking the cycle of poverty. Water quality testing is very important. Water quality is determined in fourteen number of wards in the Urun- Islampur City. Where from each ward, three water samples were taken for test. In water quality test, various parameters are measured including pH, Total Hardness (TH), Chloride Content (Cl-), Electric Conductivity (EC), Residual Chlorine (RC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), compared with WHO standards of water quality; also in present research paper classification of water samples of 14 wards was investigation on the basis of TDS, anions, cations and TH. The pH of all water samples were found almost neutral. The TDS, conductance, hardness increased towards the old water supply line, water as compared to new water supply line. The results Water Quality Assessment done in Urun-Islampur city, all parameters were within the permissible limits as per WHO standards. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is in the range of 86 to 95 is also good, but it may affect by water distribution lines which was older than 30 years, so need of proper maintenance of distribution system and chlorination to avoid water borne diseases.

Keywords: Water Samples, Physico-chemical analysis, pH, Hardness, Chloride Content, Electric Conductivity, Residual Chlorine, Total Dissolved Solids 

Authors:  Dr. Meenal Patil, Mr. Ankit Sharma

Abstract:  Water harvesting is a critical technique for ensuring water availability in hilly and rural terrains, especially where conventional water supply methods are inadequate. This paper explores various traditional and modern water harvesting structures, their design, and their role in promoting groundwater recharge, sustainable agriculture, and water security. A comparative analysis of these systems in different topographies and climatic conditions is presented, along with a discussion on material use, cost, community involvement, and integration with watershed management programs. This study underscores the need for customized, decentralized approaches tailored to the needs of local communities.

KeyWords: Water harvesting, rural development, hilly terrain, groundwater recharge, sustainability, check dams, percolation tanks.

Authors:  Dr. Kavita Sharma, Rajdeep Verma

Abstract:  Tool path optimization in CNC machining plays a crucial role in enhancing productivity, precision, and energy efficiency in modern manufacturing environments. Traditional methods of tool path generation depend on static algorithms and operator knowledge, leading to suboptimal performance and high production costs. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into CNC tool path planning has emerged as a transformative approach, offering real-time decision making, self-learning capabilities, and dynamic path correction. This paper explores the automation of tool path optimization using AI algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Reinforcement Learning (RL). The study also evaluates the comparative performance of AI based techniques against traditional methods, highlighting key metrics such as machining time, surface quality, and tool wear. Experimental findings demonstrate that AI-driven systems can adapt to real-time feedback, reduce idle time, and achieve superior geometric accuracy in complex machining tasks. The research aims to bridge the gap between intelligent manufacturing systems and industrial automation, paving the way for fully autonomous CNC operations in Industry 4.0 environments.

Keywords: CNC Machining, Tool Path Optimization, Artificial Intelligence, Genetic Algorithm, Reinforcement Learning, Automation, Smart Manufacturing.

Author:  Himanshu Gupta

Abstract:   Leachate is highly complex and polluted waste water that is produced by the introduction of percolation water through the body of landfill treatment. Leachate treatment is essential as it could threaten the surrounding ecosystem when discharge as it is and when it mixes with groundwater, it deteriorated water quality and become main source of water borne diseases. This paper is a review of landfill leachate treatment from Various leachate treatment technologies like coagulation flocculation, adsorption by activated carbon, biological treatment etc used across many countries like Sweden, Australia, Spain and find out other metals which also be treated out by these methods.

Keywords: Landfill, Leachate, Biological treatment, Activated carbon

Authors:  Prakhar Varshney, Ankit Choudhary, Mohd Shehbaz, Askari Mehdi, Tushar Chauhan

Abstract:  Due to human and industrial activities the ground water is contaminated. This is the serious problem now a day. Thus the analysis of the water quality is very important to preserve and prefect the natural eco system. The assessment of the ground water quality was carried out in the different wards of Moradabad City. The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the ground water of Moradabad City and its industrial area .The ground water samples of all the selected stations from the wards were collected for a physiochemical analysis. For calculating present water quality status by statistical evaluation and water quality index, following parameters have been considered Viz. pH, total dissolved solids. Electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, Residual chlorine, Turbidity and more. The obtained results are compared with Indian Standard Drinking Water specification IS: 10500-2012. The study of physico-chemical and biological characteristics of this ground water sample suggests that the evaluation of water quality parameters as well as water quality Management practices should be carried out periodically to protect the water resources.

Keywords: Ground Water Quality, Moradabad Region

Authors:  Shivaprasad H, Chiranthana N, Gowtham Prasad M E, Biradar Rahul, Dhanushree A R, Manjunath L, Ashish Shetty

Abstract:  Groundwater is a natural resource for drinking water. In addition to the population growth, urbanization and industrialization also extend the demand of water. Providing safe drinking water supply to the ever growing urban and sub-urban population is going to be a challenge to the civil authorities, city planners, policy makers and environmentalists. Groundwater is a major source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas of Mandya. Mandya city is rapidly raising population, changing lifestyle and intense competition among users- agriculture, industry and domestic sectors is driving the groundwater table lower. Besides, discharge of untreated wastewater through bores and leachate from unscientific disposal of solid wastes also contaminate groundwater, thereby reducing quality of fresh water resources. The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index for the ground water samples of Sugar town, Mandya city. The groundwater samples of about 40 samples were collected and subjected for a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. The purposes of this investigation are to provide an overview of present ground water quality for the following 12 parameters such as pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, fluoride, alkalinity are to be considered for calculating the WQI. The results are analyzed by WQI method for predicting water quality. Water Quality Index (WQI) is a very useful and effective way for assessing the quality of water. WQI is a very useful tool for communicating the information on overall quality of water.

Keywords: Groundwater, Water quality standards, Water quality characteristics, Water quality index

Authors:  Dr. Ananya Verma, Dr. Raghav Sharma

Abstract:  Advanced hydrological modeling plays a critical role in sustainable water resource management, helping policymakers, engineers, and environmentalists develop strategies for flood control, drought mitigation, groundwater recharge, and integrated water resource planning. This paper examines advanced techniques such as distributed models, remote sensing integration, and AI-based prediction frameworks. It emphasizes their application in managing surface and groundwater systems, improving prediction accuracy, and supporting climate resilience strategies. Furthermore, the discussion highlights case studies where hydrological modeling has been instrumental in optimizing water allocation, reducing risks, and strengthening water governance.

Keywords: Hydrological modeling, sustainable water management, remote sensing, climate resilience, groundwater systems

Authors:  Dr. Meenal Rathi, Vikram Shekhawat

Abstract: Drought-prone regions often face critical challenges in groundwater depletion, threatening water security and agricultural sustainability. This paper addresses key strategies for sustainable groundwater management with a focus on recharge enhancement, efficient usage, community engagement, and policy reforms. Through a blend of traditional wisdom and modern technology, such as aquifer mapping, drip irrigation, and managed aquifer recharge (MAR), this study emphasizes holistic approaches that ensure equitable, long-term groundwater availability. Case examples and practical tools are presented to highlight the integration of science, policy, and local participation in water management.

Keywords: Groundwater Recharge, Drought Management, MAR, Water Policy, Community Participation, Aquifer Sustainability

Authors:  Dr. Kavita Rane, Arjun Mehta

Abstract: Rapid urbanization has led to excessive surface runoff and increasing demand on water resources. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems offer an efficient and sustainable method of mitigating urban water stress. This paper presents a comprehensive approach for the design and optimization of RWH systems in urban settings. The study examines design parameters, performance modeling, and cost optimization for rooftops and community systems. Through simulations and case analyses, this research highlights scalable and efficient system configurations tailored for various urban environments.

Keywords: Rainwater harvesting, Urban design, Sustainability, Rooftop collection, Optimization, Stormwater management

Authors:  Raut A. P., Hajare H.V., Jagtap A.R.

Abstract:  Paper present a study of drinking water quality in Ghorpad village, tehsil kamptee, district Nagpur which involved analysis of chemical parameter of drinking water samplesfrom different bore well and water sources. The drinking water sources examined include well and bore well. Water quality studied PH, Total Hardness, Ca+2,Mg+2, Alkalinity, TDSand DO. The concentration of hardness in mg/lit by EDTA complexometry method and dissolve oxygen by the Winkler method withAzide modification. The bore well water quality suitable for drinking purpose and the study revealed that the parameter of water sources below permissible limit. As per IS:10500:2012 guidelines all parameter was examined. It was recommended that drinking water sources for domestic use should be protecting from pollution sources.

Keywords: Drinking Water quality; PH; Hardness; Dissolve oxygen; Permissiblelimit.

Authors:  S. Deepak, R. Sethuraman , C. Ramesh

Abstract: Contamination of water resources available for household and drinking purposes with heavy elements, metal ions and harmful micro organisms is one of the serious major health problems. As a result huge amount of money is spent for chemical treatment of contaminated water to make it portable. Thus there is a need to look for some useful indicators, both physical and chemical which can be used to monitor drinking water operation. For the present study the area selected was is Bhavani Taluk which is located in Erode district of Tamilnadu, India. Ground water samples collected from different localities in Bhavani Taluk, were analyzed for their Physio- chemical characteristics. This result was compared with the WHO standards of drinking water and the water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, Cl-, Na +, K+, Ca, Mg, total dissolved solids, total hardness and F. The usefulness of these parameters in predicting ground water quality of ground water in Bhavani Taluk. This study found that continuous disposal of municipal solid wastes and industrial waste on land, which has limited capacity to assimilate the pollution load, has led to groundwater pollution. Groundwater quality of shallow wells surrounding the municipal waste yard locations has deteriorated and the application of polluted groundwater for irrigation has resulted in increased salt content of solids. In some locations drinking water also have high concentration of salts. Since the farmers had already shifted their cropping pattern to salt tolerant crops. In which remedial measurements have been already adopted.

Keywords: pH, Electrical conductivity, Total hardness, Total dissolved solids, Cropping pattern, Fluoride, Chlorides, Sodium, Nitrates.

Author : Dr. Rakesh Verma, Ms. Ananya Sen

Abstract : Microplastics have emerged as a significant environmental concern, particularly in freshwater systems that serve as vital sources for drinking water, agriculture, and industrial use. Defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm in size, microplastics originate from diverse sources including consumer products, industrial effluents, and degradation of larger plastic debris. Their persistence and mobility within aquatic systems exacerbate pollution dynamics, leading to ecological and human health risks. This paper examines the primary sources of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems, their impacts on water quality, aquatic organisms, and human health, and evaluates current and emerging control measures. The application of physical, chemical, and biological remediation methods is critically reviewed, along with innovative policy interventions and public awareness initiatives. This study underscores the urgent need for integrated approaches combining science, technology, and governance to mitigate microplastic contamination and safeguard water resources.

Keywords : Microplastics, Freshwater Pollution, Environmental Impacts, Control Measures, Wastewater Treatment

Author : Dr. Meera Joshi, Dr. Nikhil Bansal

Abstract : Industrialization has contributed significantly to economic growth but has also resulted in serious environmental challenges, particularly through the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated wastewater into surface water bodies. Industrial effluents contain a range of pollutants including heavy metals, organic compounds, and suspended solids that deteriorate water quality, endanger aquatic ecosystems, and pose health risks to human populations. This paper evaluates the impacts of industrial wastewater discharge on surface water quality using recent case studies, hydrological assessments, and chemical analyses. Emphasis is placed on the role of regulatory frameworks, wastewater treatment technologies, and sustainable industrial practices in mitigating water pollution. The paper further highlights the need for an integrated approach involving industry, government, and communities to achieve sustainable water management goals

Keywords :  Industrial wastewater, surface water quality, heavy metals, water pollution, wastewater treatment

Author : Dr. Rohan Mehta, Ms. Priya Kulkarni

Abstract : Climate change has significantly altered precipitation patterns, leading to more intense rainfall events, frequent floods, and higher risks of damage to urban and rural areas. Hydraulic modeling of flood control systems is an essential engineering tool to evaluate, design, and optimize flood protection measures under evolving climate conditions. This paper discusses the use of hydraulic models in analyzing flood risks, simulating flow conditions, and testing structural and non-structural interventions. By integrating climate projections with hydraulic simulation, engineers can assess system resilience, evaluate design adequacy, and improve adaptability in flood management strategies. The study highlights commonly used models such as HEC-RAS, MIKE FLOOD, and SWMM, while addressing case studies that demonstrate their application in river basin management. Furthermore, green infrastructure and sustainable flood control measures are compared with conventional methods. The findings suggest that hybrid approaches integrating traditional embankments, reservoirs, and modern simulation-driven adaptive planning can significantly reduce risks under climate uncertainty.

Keywords : Hydraulic modeling, Climate change, Flood control systems, Resilient infrastructure, Flood risk management

Author : Nidhi Gautam1, Dileep Kumar Pal2, Pradeep Yadav3

Abstract : This project is on “Rehashing of domestic Wastewater in The Campus of Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Bichpuri (AGRA)”aim to treat the domestic wastewater and it is useful for domestic as well as irrigation purpose and most important thing that after a little applying RO system, the treated water may be useful for drinking purpose. An estimated 35 liters per second for 8 hours/day sewage is generated in the campus of college from various sources in the campus such as from college cafeteria, mess kitchens, bathrooms, effluent water from septic- tanks of hostels and water from water booths of college. The domestic wastewater contains very much impure substance as well as biological, physical and chemical which affect the water properties not suitable for and also not useful for environment. So to remove or to treat we have to treat so much tests of domestic wastewater of college campus so that it may be capable for laundry purpose, irrigation purpose as well as for drinking purpose. The DIFFERENT TESTS AS:- pH value, hardness, turbidity, chloride, salt and total dissolved solids and dissolved solids, Biological Oxygen Demand, etc. in the wastewater which are mostly present in water by taking different samples of different places of college campus.

Keywords : Domestic wastewater, Installation, Treatment, Recycle, Reuse, Waste Water, Sewage, Biological Oxygen Demand.

Author : Geetha G1, Sripriya P2, Saranya M2

Abstract : As global water resources decline, reuse of domestic greywater for the irrigation of home gardens is quickly becoming widespread in many parts of the world. To find an alternative for fresh water resource in the places where drinking water standards are not required, grey water recycling can be adopted. Wastewater is an immense resource which could have significant application in the regions of water scarcity. This paper deals with eco-friendly treatment of grey water by adopting Reed Bed Technology. This is done by using wet land plant, Phragmitesaustralis commonly called reeds that has extensive root system. The characteristics of grey water before and after treatment are analyzed and compared. Results, found that the removal efficiency of reed bed to treat greywater is 85% for BOD, 60% for ammonia nitrogen. These results reinforce the potential of domestic grey water as an alternative irrigation source.

Author : Dr. Ramesh Kulkarni, Ms. Priya Sharma

Abstract :  Rapid urbanization has placed unprecedented stress on groundwater resources, leading to declining water tables, deteriorating water quality, and long-term sustainability concerns in cities. Artificial recharge techniques, which include engineered and natural approaches for replenishing aquifers, have emerged as a viable solution for sustainable groundwater management. This paper explores the application of artificial recharge methods for groundwater conservation in urban areas. It discusses the principles of recharge, the variety of techniques employed such as recharge wells, percolation tanks, recharge trenches, and rainwater harvesting systems, and their integration into urban water management frameworks. The study also highlights challenges related to site selection, clogging, pollution risks, and governance issues. Case studies from Indian and global cities are presented to demonstrate effectiveness. Moreover, a comparative analysis of recharge techniques is given to evaluate their cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and environmental impact.

Keywords : Artificial recharge, Groundwater conservation, Urban hydrology, Rainwater harvesting, Aquifer management

Author : Dr. Rohan Malhotra, Ms. Priya Sharma

Abstract : Urban areas across the globe are experiencing increasing challenges associated with stormwater management due to rapid urbanization, impervious surfaces, and changing precipitation patterns driven by climate change. Traditional grey infrastructure, such as pipes and concrete drains, has proven insufficient to address flooding, water quality degradation, and ecosystem loss. Green Infrastructure (GI) has emerged as an innovative and sustainable alternative, incorporating natural processes to reduce runoff, enhance infiltration, and improve water quality. This paper explores the role of GI in urban stormwater management, focusing on techniques such as bioretention systems, green roofs, permeable pavements, and constructed wetlands. The discussion also includes performance evaluation, design considerations, and case studies that highlight the potential of GI in reducing urban flooding and pollution. Furthermore, socio economic and policy perspectives are addressed to emphasize the need for integrated planning and community participation. The findings indicate that GI not only mitigates hydrological and environmental challenges but also delivers Page 76-80 © MANTECH PUBLIATIONS 2016. All Rights Reserved 76 Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Pollution Studies Volume 1, Issue 2, May-August, 2016 multiple co-benefits including urban biodiversity enhancement, climate resilience, and improved urban aesthetics. Recommendations for future research and policy directions are also presented.

Keywords : Green Infrastructure, Stormwater Management, Bioretention, Permeable Pavements, Urban Sustainability

Author :   Dr. Rakesh Sharma, Priya Menon

Abstract : Agricultural runoff has emerged as one of the most critical sources of non-point pollution affecting freshwater bodies worldwide. Fertilizers, pesticides, sediments, and organic residues transported through runoff contribute significantly to the degradation of water quality. Among these effects, eutrophication—characterized by excessive nutrient enrichment leading to algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and biodiversity loss—has become a widespread environmental concern. This paper examines the mechanisms of agricultural runoff generation, its role in nutrient loading, and the resultant eutrophication in lakes and rivers. The study highlights global case studies, remote sensing-based monitoring approaches, and watershed management techniques aimed at reducing nutrient discharges. A comparative evaluation of chemical, biological, and eco-engineering solutions is also discussed. Furthermore, the paper underscores the necessity of integrated policies and community-based strategies to mitigate eutrophication while ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity. Page 70-75 © MANTECH PUBLIATIONS 2016. All Rights Reserved 70 Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Pollution Studies Volume 1, Issue 2, May-August, 2016 The findings indicate that holistic management integrating green infrastructure, controlled fertilizer application, and farmer awareness campaigns could substantially reduce the eutrophication risks posed by agricultural runoff.

Keywords : Agricultural runoff; eutrophication; nutrient loading; water quality; watershed management

Author : Nimmy Kurian

Abstract : Erumeli Panchayat in Kottayam district has an inevitable role in Sabarimala pilgrimage as it hosts Pettathullal which is an important ritual for kanni Ayyappas. The traditional trek route to Sabarimala starts from here, thus Erumeli is a major center for Sabarimala pilgrims. Sabarimala master plan also identifies Erumeli to be developed as a major base camp. The present study focuses on the developmental strategies of Erumeli in two perspectives-as a Local Self Government and a pilgrimage base camp. Developments in this area have to be interlinked with the pilgrim activities and local needs without disturbing both. Study aims at identifying regional issues of native population as well as pilgrims and also addresses the impact of Sabarimala pilgrimage and a perspective planning solution to bring out a balanced condition of pilgrim and local population development involving residential participation in pilgrim management.

Keywords : Erumeli, Sabarimala Pilgrimage, Sustainable Development, Population Development

Author : Dony Paulose1, Annu Ann Jacob2, Hemalatha G

Abstract : This project is based on the analytical investigation carried out to study the feasibility of implementing water tank and roof top frame as passive Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) using SAP2000 and ANSYS. The idea of seismic response control of the structures by using TMD’s is considered for this study. A tuned mass damper (TMD) is a device consisting of a mass, a spring, and a damper that is attached to a structure in order to reduce the dynamic response of the structure. The frequency of the damper is tuned to a particular structural frequency so that when that frequency is excited, the damper will resonate out of phase with the structural motion. Energy is dissipated by the damper inertia force acting on the structure. Water tanks are integral part of all buildings and they impart large dead load on the structure. This additional mass can be utilized as TMD to absorb the extra energy imparted on the structure during earthquakes. The main objective of this project is to find the response reduction of structures subjected to various earthquake data’s using different mass ratios. Response of the structure was studied using the Newmark method. Multi-storey concrete structures were taken for the study. The water tank and roof top frame was placed at the top. The mass and frequency of both were tuned to the optimized values. The behavior of the tank and roof frame subjected to earthquake data, namely, El Centro was studied. The results show that if the same is tuned properly, it can reduce the peak response of structures subjected to seismic forces and a great reduction in the displacement is observed.

Keywords : TMD, Passive Control Systems, El Centro, Inter-storey Drift, Newmark method

Authors : Dr. Nisha Verma, Rahul Singh

ABSTRACT : Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) have emerged as one of the most concerning classes of micropollutants in aquatic environments. With rapid urbanization, increasing health awareness, and lifestyle-driven consumption, the use of PPCPs has risen exponentially. Unlike conventional pollutants, PPCPs occur in trace concentrations but persistently enter water bodies through municipal sewage, hospital effluents, and agricultural runoff. Their presence in aquatic systems poses significant risks to aquatic organisms, ecological stability, and human health due to bioaccumulation and endocrine disrupting effects. This paper critically examines the sources, environmental impacts, detection techniques, and treatment strategies for PPCPs, while also highlighting regulatory frameworks and sustainable approaches. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the role of advanced treatment methods such as membrane bioreactors, activated carbon adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, and nanotechnology-enabled filtration. By analyzing current challenges and proposing integrated solutions, this paper aims to guide environmental scientists, water managers, and policymakers toward mitigating PPCP pollution for sustainable water management under the AIEEE standard framework.

Keywords : PPCPs, emerging pollutants, wastewater treatment, endocrine disruptors, nanotechnology

Authors : Dr. Rohan Mehta, Dr. Ananya Kapoor

ABSTRACT : In recent decades, unsustainable irrigation practices have become one of the primary contributors to freshwater depletion and water pollution in agricultural regions. Water losses due to seepage, evaporation, and runoff are common in conventional surface irrigation methods, while fertilizer and pesticide residues in excess irrigation water contribute significantly to non point source pollution. This paper explores strategies for optimizing irrigation systems to simultaneously minimize water losses and control pollution runoff. The study emphasizes technological innovations, such as drip and sprinkler irrigation, soil-moisture sensors, automated scheduling, and wastewater reuse, while also examining policy and socio-economic dimensions. By reviewing case studies across different climatic zones, the paper illustrates how irrigation not only enhances water productivity but also reduces nutrient leaching and chemical transport into natural water bodies. The integration of hydraulic modeling, decision support systems, and artificial intelligence for irrigation scheduling is also discussed. The findings demonstrate that optimized irrigation systems, when combined with farmer awareness programs and supportive policy frameworks, can play a vital role in achieving sustainable agriculture and water conservation goals under changing climate conditions. precision

KEYWORDS : Irrigation optimization, water loss reduction, pollution runoff, precision agriculture, sustainable water management

Authors : Dr. Kavya Sharma, Rahul Menon

ABSTRACT : The rapid industrialization and urban expansion of recent decades have resulted in large volumes of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals, dyes, organic pollutants, and pathogens. Conventional wastewater treatment technologies often fail to achieve complete pollutant removal and are energy-intensive. Nanotechnology has emerged as a revolutionary field, offering promising materials and techniques for enhanced wastewater purification and pollution control. Nanoparticles, nanomembranes, carbon nanotubes, and photocatalytic nanomaterials exhibit exceptional adsorption, filtration, and degradation properties, enabling efficient treatment of complex contaminants. This paper explores the potential of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, including nanofiltration membranes, nano-adsorbents, nanocatalysts, and disinfection systems. Key challenges such as material toxicity, high production costs, and environmental safety are also addressed. Furthermore, strategies for integrating nanotechnology into large-scale wastewater treatment plants are discussed. By examining recent advancements and practical applications, this study highlights how nanotechnology can contribute to sustainable pollution management and support global water security.

Keywords : Nanotechnology, Nanofiltration, Pollution Control

Authors : Ruchi Saraswat1, Shilpa Pal2, Surya Prakash3

Abstract : Since a lot research work has been carried out to study the geoenviromental area at Uttarakhand but a complete study needs to be carried out to identify and assess the natural hazards, vulnerability and capacity and risk, each has the risk assessment but the combined vulnerability assessment and hazard assessment has not been carried out. There is no methodology been found to study impact of a disaster and to rank it. It is also required to establish the relationship between disaster impact rank and risk. This paper basically deals with the impacts of development activities on the natural hazards and vice versa. The main aim of this paper will be to do the risk analysis and to find alternative potential solutions for reducing the potential risk from natural disaster and development activities.

Keywords : Geoenvironmental, Uttarakhand Disaster, Natural disaster, Earthquakes

Authors : M. Mukhopadhay, Shashwat Joshi, A. Tripathi

Abstract : Water is indispensable for all ecological and societal processes. Even now, one third of today’s global population has insufficient access to clean drinking water. To provide effective solutions to this problem, several observation platforms, methods, models and technologies have been developed to balance water reserves, to tap undiscovered sources and to reuse resources such as wastewater. In this paper, the focus is on reuse of water in the Circum-Mediterranean region, as even now many regions of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean are struggling with water scarcity and the overexploitation of natural renewable water resources. The aim is to assist with a more efficient reuse of water from scarce resources and therefore make more out of the little that is available. Various benefits of water reuse are also explained in this paper.

Keywords: : Water Scarcity, Water Scarce Regions, Waste Water, Circum Mediterranean Region