Author : Dr. Rakesh Sharma, Priya Menon
Abstract : Agricultural runoff has emerged as one of the most critical sources of non-point pollution affecting freshwater bodies worldwide. Fertilizers, pesticides, sediments, and organic residues transported through runoff contribute significantly to the degradation of water quality. Among these effects, eutrophication—characterized by excessive nutrient enrichment leading to algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and biodiversity loss—has become a widespread environmental concern. This paper examines the mechanisms of agricultural runoff generation, its role in nutrient loading, and the resultant eutrophication in lakes and rivers. The study highlights global case studies, remote sensing-based monitoring approaches, and watershed management techniques aimed at reducing nutrient discharges. A comparative evaluation of chemical, biological, and eco-engineering solutions is also discussed. Furthermore, the paper underscores the necessity of integrated policies and community-based strategies to mitigate eutrophication while ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity. Page 70-75 © MANTECH PUBLIATIONS 2016. All Rights Reserved 70 Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Pollution Studies Volume 1, Issue 2, May-August, 2016 The findings indicate that holistic management integrating green infrastructure, controlled fertilizer application, and farmer awareness campaigns could substantially reduce the eutrophication risks posed by agricultural runoff.
Keywords : Agricultural runoff; eutrophication; nutrient loading; water quality; watershed management
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