Authors:-Rashi Modi, Kavya J, Sameeksha Patel, Clince Joshy, Parinitha T Niranjan, Rajeshwari R
Abstract:-Groundwater in India is significantly contaminated by fluoride, affecting 11.7 million people across 335 districts. In this study, we analyzed the fluoride removal efficiency of Tamarind seed activated carbon (TISC) as well as Zinc Chloride coated Tamarind seed activated carbon (ZTISC) in batch mode of operation for both synthetic fluoride solution and groundwater rich in fluoride. Effect of different operating conditions including contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration was studied. The adsorption capacity of TISC was 0.8256 mg/g and that of ZTISC was 0.4963 mg/g. The maximum fluoride removal occurred at neutral pH for adsorbent dose of 1 g/L for an initial fluoride concentration of 2 mg/L. The removal efficiency of fluoride in groundwater was comparable to that of synthetic solution but reduced in the presence of co-ions like chlorides and bicarbonates. Removal efficiency for TISC was 82.4%, 70.23% and 80.2% for synthetic solution, GW1 and GW2 respectively. ZTISC showed low defluoridation ability compared to TISC. Removal efficiency for ZTISC was 49.6%, 42.6% and 51.5% for synthetic solution, GW1 and GW2 respectively. The experimental data was fit to different kinetic models and adsorption isotherms. Both TISC and ZTISC followed Pseudo first order kinetic reaction and Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficient, R2= 0.829 and 0.75 respectively.
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