Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering ISSN: 3107-4375 (Online)

Authors:Mridul Gupta, Satish Kapadiya

Abstract:The proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a paradigm shift in the way we interact with and perceive technology. IoT devices, ranging from smart home appliances to industrial sensors, have become integral to modern life. However, this increased connectivity and reliance on IoT also expose us to unprecedented security risks. This paper delves into the challenges posed by hardware security in the era of IoT, highlighting the vulnerabilities, potential threats, and innovative solutions that address these concerns. Through a comprehensive exploration of hardware-based security mechanisms, we aim to shed light on the pivotal role that secure hardware plays in establishing a resilient IoT ecosystem.

Keywords-:IoT, hardware security, Internet of Things, cybersecurity, secure element, hardware root of trust, physically unclonable functions, PUFs, side-channel attacks, secure boot, authentication, data encryption, critical infrastructure, privacy, connected devices.

Authors:Mahendra Singh Thakur, Ajay Malohtra

Abstract:The integration of machine learning techniques within the framework of smart grids has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of modern power systems. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various applications of machine learning in smart grids. It discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of machine learning algorithms in different aspects of smart grids and presents a curated list of notable studies in this field. Additionally, a table summarizing the key applications, associated challenges, and notable references is included.

Keywords-:Smart Grids, Machine Learning, Demand Forecasting, Fault Detection, Energy Theft Detection, Renewable Energy Integration, Load Management, Grid Optimization, Customer Segmentation, Data Privacy.

Authors:Govind Mehta, Swapnil Kumar, Dr. Rakesh Mehra

Abstract:The field of power electronics has undergone significant advancements in recent years, driven by the growing demand for high-efficiency power conversion systems in various applications. This paper provides an overview of the key developments in high-efficiency power electronics, highlighting the emerging technologies and design methodologies that have contributed to improved performance. We explore the applications, challenges, and future prospects of high-efficiency power electronics. Additionally, a table summarizing some of the notable advancements is included to provide a concise reference for readers.

Keywords-:High-efficiency power electronics, wide bandgap semiconductors, advanced topologies, digital control, predictive algorithms, renewable energy, electric vehicles, data centers, industrial drives, sustainability, energy efficiency, challenges, future directions.

Authors Name:- Aarti Mishra, Mehul Verma

Abstract:- The CDIO framework is a method for engineering education that aims to develop engineers' skills in a practical, real-world context. This paper aims to investigate the impact of CDIO on the development of the electric grid, which is a critical infrastructure that powers modern societies. The study suggests that the CDIO framework has played a crucial role in the development of the electric grid by providing a practical, interdisciplinary approach to engineering education. The paper also discusses the challenges and opportunities in implementing CDIO in engineering education.

Keywords:- CDIO, engineering education, electric grid, interdisciplinary collaboration, hands-on learning, practical skills, competency-based approach, curriculum design, assessment, evaluation

Author Name:- Pradeep Khandelwal

Abstract:- The traditional methods of teaching theoretical fundamentals of electrical engineering have long been criticized for their inability to engage students and foster an environment of active learning. This research paper investigates the use of creative technologies, such as simulations, animations, and interactive software tools, as a means of enhancing the teaching and learning of theoretical fundamentals of electrical engineering. The paper discusses the potential benefits of using creative technologies in teaching, including increased engagement, better understanding of concepts, and improved retention of knowledge. The paper also explores some of the challenges and limitations of using these technologies and provides recommendations for effective integration of creative technologies in the classroom. To illustrate the effectiveness of this approach, the paper includes a case study of a course that utilized creative technologies in teaching the theoretical fundamentals of electrical engineering. The results of the case study show that the use of creative technologies led to a significant improvement in student engagement, performance, and overall learning outcomes.

Keywords:- Theoretical fundamentals, electrical engineering, creative technologies, simulations, animations, interactive software, teaching, learning, engagement, retention, performance

Authors Name:- Pankaj Kapoor, Gayatri Rao

Abstract:- The paper proposes a method for minimizing transmission network losses using artificial neural network (ANN) and flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices. The method is based on the prediction of optimal settings for FACTS devices using ANN. The proposed method is tested on the IEEE 30-bus test system, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce transmission network losses.

Keywords:- Transmission network, loss minimization, artificial neural network, FACTS devices, power system, optimization, power flow control, voltage stability.

Authors Name:- Rudraksh Bansal, Govind Rao

Abstract:- In recent years, microgrids have emerged as a promising solution to the increasing demand for reliable and sustainable electricity supply. Islanding is a critical issue in microgrids, which can cause severe damages to the connected loads and the grid itself. Therefore, the detection of islanding is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of microgrids. This research paper proposes a novel passive islanding detection method for a microgrid using instantaneous energy. The proposed method is based on measuring the rate of change of instantaneous energy in the microgrid during normal and islanding conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed method can detect islanding events with high accuracy and sensitivity, even in the presence of noise and disturbances. The proposed method can also be easily implemented in practical microgrid systems with low-cost hardware and minimal communication requirements.

Keywords:- Microgrid, Islanding, Detection, Instantaneous Energy, Rate of Change.

Author Name:- Himanshu Raut

Abstract:- This paper examines the role and importance of electrical engineering in the formation of professional skills of future technology teachers. Electrical engineering has been recognized as one of the most important fields in technology education. It is critical for future technology teachers to have a strong foundation in electrical engineering concepts and principles to be effective in their roles. This paper discusses the importance of electrical engineering in technology education and explores how it can be integrated into the curriculum to develop the professional skills of future technology teachers.

Keywords:-  Electrical engineering, Technology education, Curriculum integration, Professional skills, Future technology teachers, STEM education Project-based learning, Collaboration, Hands-on experience, Interdisciplinary approach

Authors:- Pankaj Bansal, Girish Sharma

Abstract:- This article describes a closed loop speed control system for a permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor. In MATLAB Simulink, a Proportional plus Integral (PI) controller is created. The computer's control signal is sent into an Arduino microcontroller board, which provides the appropriate pulse width modulated (PWM) signal, which drives the PMDC motor through a driver IC. The speed of the motor shaft is measured by a tacho- generator and transmitted back to the controller block in MATLAB. The controller has been developed in such a manner that the motor speed may be kept constant even when the load changes abruptly. The results of hardware experiments are presented to illustrate the performance of the designed approach.

Keywords:- PI controller, L293D chip, PMDC motor, Arduino UNO Microcontroller

Authors:- Makani Jatin , Jayesh Gondaliya

Abstract:- This study describes a novel switching z-source multilevel inverter that is powered by a solar source. When a power electronic switch is added to a traditional z-source network, it provides great voltage boosting capacity with a moderate power rating, making it suited for low voltage photovoltaic applications. In comparison to typical five-level designs, the suggested topology has fewer switches and passive parts. It consists of a single DC source, six power switches, two diodes, four capacitors, and two inductors. Using a modified modulation index of a multi carrier level shifted PWM approach, this scheme generates a voltage waveform with fewer harmonics and a lower THD %. The proposed switched z-source multilevel inverter is developed using MATLAB software, and the results are shown to validate the scheme's benefits.

Keywords:- MATLAB Software, Multilevel Inverter, Z-Source, PWM approach.

Authors:- Mangesh Pawar, Maruti Kadam

Abstract:- In order to save energy, it is critical to manage when, how, and where the energy is used. Because safety is so important when working with electricity, switches are given to supply the flow of electrical current when needed and disengage when not. A manually controlled electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts linked to external circuits is the most common type of switch. Each contact set can be in one of two states: "closed," which means the contacts are contacting and electricity can flow between them, or "open," which means the contacts are separated and the switch is not conducting. The method used to switch between these two states (open or closed) can be either "toggle" (flip switch for continuous "on" or "off") or "momentary" (push-for "on" or push-for "off"). When breakers fail to handle overload, underload, and short-circuit problems, the appliances and users suffer as a result. The worst-case situation is a fire. Wherever there is a high current demand, energy conservation and power safeguards beyond standard breakers at distribution boxes become important to protect appliances, houses, and property from the risk of fire outbreak. The Nodal safety switch is intended to help conserve electrical energy and protect electrical appliances and equipment at nodes or points of engagement from power surges caused by line short-circuits and lightning power surges, particularly when the switch is intentionally or inadvertently left in the ON position after the previous power supply was interrupted.

Keywords:- Nodal, Conserve, Electricity, Switch, Safety, Energy.

Authors:- Garvish Kapadia, Shrikant Modi

Abstract:- Undertaking is meant to check the number of cars arriving as well as exiting. Electrical loads are switched on when the primary vehicle enters and off when the person exits. IR sensors are used in conjunction with a microcontroller to monitor all tasks. These contribute in the conservation of vitality.

Keywords:- Electrical, IR LED, Sensor, Microcontroller.

Authors:- Adarsh J. Mehta, Hemant J. Mane

Abstract:- The aim of this paper is to design a solar powered boat for transport or tourist along the coast, in rivers, in the lakes to promote clean energy. In order to this, a boat solely powered by electricity captured through solar energy will be designed for tourist or transport and to explore solar energy applications for marine vehicles rather than using traditional combustion engines.

Keywords:- Solar Power, Solar Boat, Electrical Supply.

Authors:- Dr. C.V Narayan, Rupali Goswami

Abstract:- The purpose of this research is to investigate the design and construction of AC Electronics load surge protection in order to carry electric surge load caused by faults in low voltage electricity systems (single phase/220V). This is accomplished through the application of the principle of electronics load clamping voltage during the induction period, which allows electric voltage to pass through to safe loads and ensures that the system continues to function. The testing of the finished product has the potential to protect against both transiently high voltages and steadily rising voltages. Together, they will work to improve and modify the quality of the electrical power in Thailand's electricity distribution system, making it more efficient than it was in the past and contributing to an increase in the lifetime of electric appliances, electric devices, and electricity protection equipments.

Keywords:- Electronics Load, Transient over Voltage, Voltage Swell.

Authors:- Prof. Akshay Prakashrao Pundkar, Tushar P. Khande, Viraj M. Zambre, Sanket M. Kakde

Abstract:- This project is to create electrical pole climbing robot which can be used to reduce risk of electrician to connect the distribution lines for supplying purposes. Pole climbing robot, nowadays, is very common and interesting idea, which mainly works by connecting the distribution lines according to the directions given to it. In this modern era robots are being developed for various purposes to accomplish many tasks which seem to be complex and life endangering for humans. Benefits of using robots have been immense in terms of risk-free, speed and efficiency of doing required tasks compared to that of humans. The main objective of this work is to save human lives. Considering on that issue, a pole climbing robot has been designed. However, further modifications of this work might be able to perform the wiring and repairing tasks instead of an electrician. The developed robot works on the principle of linear motor, which is partially autonomous. With the installation of this project, risk of human injuries and death can be minimized while working in the distribution lines which is the main consideration of this project.

Keywords:- DC motors, Wi-Fi, Microcontroller, Gripper, Power supply

Authors:- Surbhi Swaraje, Ankita Singh

Abstract:- The use of synthetic retardants in polymeric insulated cables is not uncommon in the high voltage engineering to study electrical treeing phenomenon. However few studies on organic materials for the same investigation have been carried. .This paper describes the study on the effects of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) microfiller on the tree initiation and propagation in silicone rubber with different weight percentages (wt %) of filler to insulation bulk material. The weight percentages used were 0 wt % and 1 wt % respectively. It was found that the OPEFB retards the propagation of the electrical treeing development. For tree inception study, the addition of 1(wt %) OPEFB has increase the tree inception voltage of silicone rubber. So, OPEFB is a potential retardant to the initiation and growth of electrical treeing occurring in polymeric materials for high voltage application. However more studies on the effects of physical and electrical properties of OPEFB as a tree retardant material are required.

Keywords:- Silicone Rubber, Fillers, Electrical Tree, Oil Palm, Electrical Tree Inhibition

Authors:- Niranjan bhai, Asit Kumar Shukla, Rohit Ranjan

Abstract:- In this article, we will acquire knowledge regarding the inverter circuit using Arduino as the microcontroller. A DC input from a 12V battery is converted into a 3 phase AC output by this device. According to the findings of our investigation, there are still regions in which the transmission of electricity is not yet feasible due to the high cost that is associated with the transmission of electrical energy. And because there are many locations that do not have access to a three-phase power supply, we have made a decision to develop an inverter that can function using a 12 volt DC battery. Alternatively, it can be powered by the input from a solar panel if it is installed in a location that does not have access to a three-phase power supply or in a location where transmission is not possible. The output AC supply can be utilised for a variety of purposes, including serving as a standby supply or in the event of an emergency. The waveforms that are produced by our hardware have a change in electrical phase of 120 degrees for each unique waveform that is produced. We obtain a three-phase supply on the output side as a result of the utilisation of BJTs and MOSFETs, both of which are arranged in a push-pull configuration.

Keywords:- Inverter, AC supply, Arduino, 3phase transformer, BJT, MOSFET

Authors:- Dr. Vidyut Bansal, Abhishek Mehra

Abstract:- In this paper, an alternative structure method for continuous time sigma delta modulator is presented. In this modulator for implementation of integrators in loop filter second generation current conveyors are employed. The modulator is designed in CMOS technology and features low power consumption (<2.8mW), low supply voltage (±1.65), wide dynamic range (>65db), and with 180khZ bandwidth. Simulation results confirm that this design is suitable for data converters.

 Keywords:- CMOS, Time Sigma Delta, continuous, Current Conveyor, MOS

Authors: Mrutyunjay Rout, Dr. Vijay Behera

Abstract: The notion of a superconducting fault current limiter discusses two types of superconducting materials: resistive and inductive. We also look at some of the uses of SFCLs, which are used to restrict fault current in power systems. SFCL is utilised not only to reduce fault current but also to provide a connection to increase the power system's reliability. The superconducting fault current limiter also improves the power and integration of the electric power network.

Keywords: FCL (Fault current limiter), Superconducting materials, Electric power network, LTSs, HTSs

 

 

Authors: Dr. Manisha Ghodeswar, Charvi Morkhade

Abstract: Renewable energy sources are currently in high demand. We can't rely on fossil fuels because they're limited, especially in this new era where energy consumption has skyrocketed. Solar energy has the potential to be one of the most efficient renewable energy sources. We can generate alternating current straight from photovoltaic cells, which is a new way of looking at a solar panel. To construct an AC wave form, we can employ an array of photovoltaic cell pairs coupled in anti-parallel fashion. Solar panels currently produce DC electricity, which must first be converted to AC before being used in commercial and residential equipment. When the cost of solar panels is combined with the cost of inverters and phase synchronizers, solar panels become prohibitively expensive. Furthermore, the power losses of various components utilized in DC to AC converters make the situation even more unfavorable. We demonstrate a new way for generating AC electricity from solar panels without using an inverter, hence eliminating power losses caused by inverters. Because our method does not require batteries, the overall cost is also lowered. Another advantage of this method is that it produces a highly clean sine wave with higher efficiency than an AC inverter. By adjusting the speed of the motor utilised in this technique, we may generate a sine wave of any frequency. As a result, it's a really simple approach with fantastic results.

Keywords: Solar cells , Anti parallel connection ,Inverter, Disc.

Authors: Renuka Biradar , Mahesh Kumar, Ashish Mathpati

Abstract: This research assesses the creation of a low-cost security system based on a microcontroller and a tiny PIR (Pyroelectric Infrared) sensor. Because of the frequent and widespread incidents of burglary, the requirement for effective and accurate intrusion detection with an alarm system has become a critical necessity. Attacks on home offices, factories, banks, and other institutions are on the rise. Motion can now be detected by measuring the change in speed or vector of an object in the field of view, thanks to technological improvements. The motion detector is utilized in a variety of applications, including home automation systems, energy efficiency systems, and more. This project is made with an embedded microcontroller system capable of detecting intruder motion in a restricted area and then triggering an alarm system, motion detector system. However, pyroelectric infrared sensor identified the person's motion using the person's body heat. The motion detector in this project is a pyroelectric infrared (pir) sensor that is connected to a microcontroller that activates the alarm system and any other attached output device to warn the house owner. The concept passed the initial testing with flying colours.

Keywords: Embedded Microcontroller, Passive infrared sensor, Buzzer /Siren, DC motor and Motion Detector.

 

Authors: A.K. Duchakke , Pankaj V. Jatale , Sham B. Rathod , Shubham R. Katore ,Anushri S. Khandokar

Abstract: Crops in farms are many times ravaged by local animals like buffaloes, cows, goats, birds, and fire etc. This leads to huge losses for the farmers. It is estimated that 30-40 percent of crops are destroyed annually due to attacks by wild animals in India. Elephants, pigs, boars and deer are the most common perpetrators of the destruction. This is an automatic battery charging system Using Solar cell. This system uses a light sensor (LDR) to activate alarm System during night to return the wild animals approaching near the field. In such a case the sensor signals (Signal from LDR) activates the alarm system and Lighting system made to scare the animals. The alarm also gives alert to the farmer to about animals if he is near to field. Therefore, the designed system is affordable and useful to the farmers. The designed system won't be harmful to animals and person, and it protects the farm areas. Further implementation can be carried out according to the requirement of farm, Device can adjust and modified.

Keywords: Solar Panel, Battery, BC 547 Transistor, Resistor, Diode (1N400), Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Horn Speaker,, PIR Sensors, Arduino UNO, LED, Buzzer.

 

Authors: Prof. Akshay Prakashrao Pundkar, Tushar P. Khande, Viraj M. Zambre, Sanket M. Kakde

Abstract: This paper focuses on developing a smart energy meter which eases the work of human. In early days this metering technology was fully analog. Due to rapid technological developments nowadays it has become digital but not fully automatic it too needed a huge human work force. The above mentioned two techniques have a lot of drawbacks like erroneous and needed a lot of time for repair, gives faulty unit readings ,the second one gives readings digitally with some accuracy but cannot be sent to the billing point directly . It needed a lot of human work force regularly to take readings. The GSM technology introduced here eliminates all the above mentioned drawbacks by fully automating the energy meter .i.e. the meter readings are taken and sensed automatically and sensed units are regularly sent to the billing point using the GSM and corresponding bills are calculated and sent to the user at the correct time. It reduces the time, it reduces the human work force, will give accurate readings. This system replaces traditional energy meter reading methods and enables remote accessing of existing energy meter by the energy provider. They can monitor the readings regularly without visiting the person’s house.

Keywords: Smart energy meter, GSM technology and Automation. 

Authors: Dr. Aniket Deshmukh, Prof. Sangeeta Reddy

Abstract: The increasing demand for high-power density and efficiency in motor drives has led to the adoption of wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). These materials offer superior electrical and thermal properties, allowing motor drives to operate at higher switching frequencies, lower losses, and improved thermal stability. This paper discusses the advantages, challenges, and applications of WBG-based power electronics in electric drives. The impact of SiC and GaN devices on inverter efficiency, motor performance, and overall system miniaturization is analyzed. Additionally, challenges such as high cost, thermal management complexities, and integration with existing drive systems are explored.

Keywords: Wide Bandgap Semiconductors, Silicon Carbide, Gallium Nitride, High-Frequency Drives, Thermal Management

Author: S. T. Jadhav , Krishna Raj, Mitali Dalwadi

Abstract: The field of electrical transformer are most important equipment which is use to convert ac voltage or current like lower to higher , higher to lower without change in the frequency . its primary side and secondary side are isolate from each other and it can higher or lower voltage level the apparent value of electrical passive element like inductive , resistive . It use to  transfer electrical energy for long distance with higher voltage level .the electrical power transmission, distribution through transformer for factories and home . AC supply can easily generated by a convenient voltage and transformed into much higher voltage for transmission and distribution purpose.

Keywords: primary winding turns, secondary winding turns, transformer core.