Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering ISSN: 3107-4375 (Online)

Author: Sumit Kumar

Abstract: The paper proposes an automatic Wheelchair which will help  the  physically challenged people and serve as a complete and save means of mobility .It is an automatic wheel chair which requires less secondary assistance and moreover is self-propelled. The desire of self-mobility can  be fulfilled by this chair. It also focuses on the safety of the person. This is  a doubly powered device which runs on solar as well electric energy .The renewable energy is harnessed therefore there is less stress on electric energy. When used outdoor it can benefit the person by saving energy as well as on the other hand switch to solar energy. As old people are not so quick in action their safety is a major ensured by providing the obstacle detector by using ultrasonic sensor. The GSM system is also facilitates the safety by further providing messaging facility when the person is in danger. The DC gear motor is used easy speed control is achieved and even direction can be changed. The ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the obstacle and further operate the panic switch ensuring safety of the personnel. The entire analysis has been carried out in this paper.

 Keywords: EWC- Electric Wheel Chair, SPWC-Solar Power Wheel Chair, HWC-Hybrid Wheel Chair, PV-Photovoltaic, EMG- Electromyography

Authors: Kazi Rafiqul Islam, Md. Shahid Iqbal, Md. Monirul Kabir

Abstract: This paper presents a new electricity load forecasting (ELF) model based on feed-forward neural network (FFNN) using the constructive technique  in course of training. The vital aspect of this model is to determine the FFNN architecture automatically during training in order to forecast the electricity load. Thus, the strength of standard FFNN increases in forecasting the electricity load. Furthermore, the proposed model overcomes efficiently the existing shortcomings of FFNN to predict loads of holidays and fast load changes. We call this model as constructive  approach for electricity load forecasting (CAELF) as per short term basis. In order to evaluate the performance of CAELF, the daily electricity load demand data of Spain has been used. Extensive experimental results and comparisons show that CAELF has a significant capability to forecast the electricity load compared to the other standard FFNN models.

 Keywords: Electricity load forecasting (ELF), CAELF, FFNN models

Authors: Dr.S.Seenivasan, S.Vadivel

Abstract: Transmission of electrical energy with High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) has provided the electric power industry with a dominant means to transmit huge quantity of electricity over very long distances. To investigate the performance, a well-developed current source converter based HVDC transmission system model is projected, in which the AC system represented as damped LLR equivalent and is equipped with double tuned harmonic filter to mitigate the AC-DC harmonics and the DC system is secured with rectifier current control, inverter current control and inverter voltage control. The MATLAB/ Simulink based simulation results validate the step response of HVDC transmission system with various controllers.

Keywords: HVDC transmission systems, Double tuned filter, Rectifier DC Current Control, Inverter DC Current-Voltage Control, Step response.

Authors: T. Rakesh, Dr. V. Madhusudhan, Dr. M. Sushama

Abstract: This article offers a novel cascaded structure convertor (CMC)-primarily based mostly distribution-kind STATCOM integrated with distribution electrical device for medium voltage utility. The star-related, n-level CMC is connected to the winding faucets on the first windings of the electrical device to reap voltage strain discount and maintain a bendy affiliation voltage degree. Taking complete use of the spare potential of distribution electrical device, a compromise between cascaded cells depends and also the voltage pressure is completed. The CMC-based altogether DSTATCOM is controlled as a controlled current supply to inject compensation current to the first windings through the taps. A modified decoupled fashionable manipulate is planned to control the device. Simulation version and scale-down model area unit developed to verify the performance of the planned integrated structure. Simulation and experimental effects demonstrate the great performance of the planned structure for reactive power compensation

Keywords: Cascaded Multilevel Converter; Dstatcom; Reactive Power Compensation; Winding Taps; Distribution Transformer, Power Distribution Systems (Pds).

Authors: Dr. Meenakshi Iyer, Ravi Teja Nadimpalli

Abstract: The growing global demand for electrical energy, coupled with the integration of renewable energy sources located in remote areas, has driven the need for more efficient, stable, and long-distance power transmission solutions. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems have emerged as a critical technology that addresses these modern energy challenges. Unlike traditional AC systems, HVDC offers reduced transmission losses, enhanced system stability, and better compatibility with renewable energy grids. This paper explores the fundamental principles, historical evolution, technological advancements, challenges, and future scope of HVDC systems. It positions HVDC as a future-proof solution capable of reshaping global electrical infrastructure by enabling long-distance, high-capacity, and environmentally sustainable power delivery.

Keywords: HVDC Transmission, Long-Distance Power, Energy Efficiency, Renewable Integration, Grid Stability

Authors: Rajesh Kumar, Vineeta Singh, Abhishek Singh

Abstract: Background Computer technology has become inevitable in the era of technological advancement, use. To boost pedagogy techniques the need of the hour is to integrate software tools in engineering curriculum. Electrical engineering along with simulations software is a great help to undergraduates. Operation of high voltages and heavy currents should be handled with care. Appropriate control is the only viable solution which could be well designed control if engineers have the knowledge of associated waveforms. Tedious procedure is involved while plotting manually. Simulation aids helps us understand steady state of system resulting in better performance. In this paper computer, aided pedagogy of DC motor is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink. The pedagogy includes starting of DC motor and Speed control.

Keywords: MATLAB/Simulink, DC Motor, Speed Control, Pedagogy

Authors: Mahesh Tyagi, Anjana Khare

Abstract: Physiotherapy is a health care tool for the well-being of human. Muscle Stimulator is equipment used in physiotherapy treatment that directs small pulses of current to the muscle to restore the muscle activity. Programmable muscle stimulator is developed to overcome with muscle problems. Patient is subjected to small currents using the electrodes that are attached to the affected area or at the pressure point. Different types of current are used for various disorders like plain galvanic, pulsed galvanic, faradic, surged faradic, triangular etc. In proposed system different types of current are programmed with the help of PIC controller. Patient is subjected to the current with the help of surface electrode. Specific type of current is selected for particular disorder. The intensity of the current can be varied using the potentiometer according to the type of disorder. Output parameters of current are displayed on LCD. The system is interfaced with GUI to select the program and to insert the treatment time.

Keywords: Muscle Stimulator, PIC controller, galvanic current, faradic current, triangular current, surged faradic, GUI

Authors: G. Chaitanya Keerthana, B. Vidyasagar

Abstract: This paper presents an implementation of a three phase distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) using a back propagation (BP) control algorithm for its functions such as harmonic elimination, load balancing and reactive power compensation for power factor correction, and zero voltage regulation under nonlinear loads. A BP-based control algorithm is used for the extraction of the fundamental weighted value of active and reactive power components of load currents which are required for the estimation of reference source currents. A prototype of DSTATCOM is developed using a digital signal processor, and its performance is studied under various operating conditions. The performance of DSTATCOM is found to be satisfactory with the proposed control algorithm for various types of loads.

Keywords: Back propagation (BP) control algorithm, harmonics, and ANN-Artificial Neural networks, load balancing, PQ-power quality, weights

Authors: Dr. Neha Trivedi, Rajesh Pillai

Abstract:  The rapid development of renewable energy technologies is driving a global transition toward sustainable energy solutions. This paper examines the latest advancements in solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, focusing on innovations such as perovskite solar cells, floating wind farms, and pumped hydro storage. The role of energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion and solid-state batteries, in improving renewable energy reliability is also discussed. Challenges including energy intermittency, grid integration, and policy regulations are explored. The study highlights that continued investment in research and infrastructure will be crucial for the widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Solar Power, Wind Energy, Energy Storage, Grid Integration.

Authors: Md. Iqbal Bahar Chowdhury, Muhammad Johirul Islam, Md. Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jahorul Islam, Sadia Ummey Farwah

Abstract: In this work, a cylindrical gate-all-around (CGAA) FET (field-effect transistor) structure with Indium Arsenide (InAs) nanowire is used as channel instead of silicon nanowire, and aluminium oxide is used as the gate dielectrics instead of silicon dioxide. The performance of this setup was demonstrated using ATLAS simulator of Silvaco TCAD software. Indium Arsenide is chosen due to its high electron velocity, high saturation velocity and low contact resistance, whereas, aluminium oxide is chosen because of its higher permittivity. Simulation results indicate that the proposed combination is superior to the CGAA structures having channel-gate dielectrics that use combinations of silicon-silicon dioxide and Indium Arsenide-silicon dioxide. The effects of variation of nanowire radius, channel length and oxide thickness on the output and transfer characteristics curves, and also on the performance parameters such as maximum drain current, maximum transconductance, on resistance and inverse subthreshold slope are investigated to show the superiority of the proposed structure.

Keywords: Cylindrical Gate All around MOSFET; Indium Arsenide nanowire; Aluminium Oxide; high-k dielectrics

Authors: Mustafa, Yasin Amari, Zamir Antoun

Abstract: Wind turbines are used to generate electricity from the kinetic power of the wind. A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electricity. Wind turbine systems for homes are one of the more cost effective forms of generating electricity from a renewable energy source if you have the right site. It has a lower impact on the environment and climate, reduces dependence on fossil fuel imports and increases security of energy supply. In this paper we will discuss about the working of wind turbines and how it has become one of the most sustainable renewable energy resources for electricity generation.

Keywords: Kinetic Power, Wind Turbines, Renewable energy resources, Electricity Generation

Authors: Munima Haque, Md. Quamruzzaman

Abstract: The aim of this survey is to investigate the impact of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) emitted from various lab equipment on the students and employees. There is a standard threshold value recommended by WHO for both electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic fields are emitted from high power transmission lines, computer monitor/video display unit, radio waves of different frequencies (extremely low frequency to microwaves), telecommunication, satellite, radar etc. which cause health hazards to living systems and environment. There hasn’t been many studies in Bangladesh on this aspect of electromagnetic fields. For this paper, the data were collected from various lab equipment of different computer science and engineering labs at Southeast University in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Both threshold values of electric and magnetic fields were measured for various electronic equipment. Also, the maximum value of the magnetic field results showed that in many cases, the magnetic field radiated from different sources are greater than the threshold limit.

Keywords: EMF, NIR, WHO, ELF, EF, MF

Authors: Shubham S.Galwe, Rohan D. Shinde, Sushant S. Mali, Shreyas G. Kechkar

Abstract: The most important aspect for electrical engineering is power quality in recent year. Power quality problem is an event of abnormal voltage, current. The major problems here are the voltage sag and swell such a problems is now mitigated advanced power electronics technology. The dynamic voltage restorer is a power electronics based device that provides three phase controllable voltage source whose magnitude and angle assist to the source voltage during sag event to restore the load voltage to pre sag condition. The new configuration of DVR has been proposed using d-q-0 controllable technique. A control technique based on PID controller. The simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Voltage Source Converter, Power Quality, Voltage Sag and Swell, PID controller, etc.

Authors:-Shyamala SC

Abstract:-Wireless Sensor Networks consists of sensor nodes continuously monitoring environment data and then transmitting to the Base Station (BS). If data is not processed before sending to BS, it consumes more energy since energy required for transmission is more compared to energy required for processing. Therefore a Traditional Compressive Sampling (CS) data aggregation method is used. This CS method for each CS measurement more number of sensors are involved leads to ineffective consumption of energy in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). To resolve the issue a new method in the network layer called Weighted Compressive Data Aggregation (WCDA) is implemented in this project. These algorithm sensor nodes are able to control the power to forming energy efficient routing trees and to minimize the consumption of energy by use the sparse random measurement matrix. Another data aggregation method called as Cluster-based Weighted Compressive Data Aggregation (CWCDA) is implemented in this project. CWCDA is the improved version of WCDA and it significantly reduces the energy consumption in WSN model. CWCDA algorithm at each cluster runs the WCDA algorithm to decrease number of sensor nodes participated throughout Compressive sensing. In the algorithm, for each cluster candidate nodes are selected to each collector node forms the collection tree have little structure than the WCDA algorithm. The WCDA and the CWCDA algorithms are compared and an analysis of energy consumption and life time of the network in terms of sink location, CS measurement samples and number of sensor nodes and clusters.

Authors:-Babaso J. Lamkane, Archana A. Pawar

Abstract:-In this paper, high efficiency single-chip solar energy harvesting IC using on-chip solar cell for biomedical implant applications is presented. By inserting an on-chip charge pump with parallel connected photodiodes, a 3.5× efficiency improvement can be achieved when compared with the conventional stacked photodiode approach to boost the harvested voltage. A photodiode-assisted dual startup circuit (PDSC) is also used to improve the area efficiency and increase the startup speed by 77%. High efficiency system is implemented on 0.18-μm CMOS technology and it occupies an active area about 1.54 mm2. Here on chip charge pump is used so we get maximum 67% efficiency with incident power 1.22 mW/cm2.

Authors:-B. N. Shashikala, B. S. Nagabhushana, T. P. Deepa

Abstract:-Ti/Al and Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts were deposited by electron beam evaporator on n type GaN and characterized by employing Scanning Electron Microscope. Effect of annealing temperature on the surface morphology of Ti/Al/Ni/Au and Ti/Al ohmic contacts were studied. Image processing techniques were used to study the surface morphology of Ti/Al/Ni/Au and Ti/Al ohmic contacts. Images were preprocessed before finding porosity. Using the MATLAB software, the porosity in the ohmic contact structures was found. The quantitative results were related to the fabrication process.

Authors:- N. Ram Kumar, R.Vinay, M.V.K.Kalyan, P.V.K.Gowtham, P.Anirudh

Abstract:-Soil testing and monitoring system by data patterning mechanismâ€, as the name suggests the main aim of our proposal is to design a low cost implicit kit for testing all the soil nutrients. The core idea and innovation of this proposal is data patterning by Lagrange’s. Sensors collect data samples and based on the logic that different nutrients would produce different patterns in data for the same sensors. These patterns of data can be used to detect different soil nutrients. Kit design cost is a major problem solved .The low cost production is possible because of minimal component and maximum technique utilization. As a final outcome the productivity is improved resulting in reduction of agricultural deaths and improvement in economy due growth in agricultural sector revenue.

Authors:-Sayandeep Chandra

Abstract:-The growing population of India is a serious issue for the country’s economic and social balance. In search of employment opportunities, a better lifestyle, quality education, rural people migrate to the cities every year at a large scale. This migration leads to the unplanned urbanization that causes inappropriate consumption of the resources-natural, technical and human resource, pollution, and leads to unhygienic lifestyle. In order to govern this inadvertent urbanization, the smart city could be a probable tool. “Smart†signifies the intelligence in the planning sector of the city and also points out the useful distribution of all resources. This smartness is achieved by nurturing the basic objectives of the smart cities like good quality of life, sustainable development, economic development & job growth, flourishing social, human, infrastructural capital and most important environmental aspect. Mitigation of environmental issues like pollution, inappropriate consumption of natural resources and the waste of the resources, is one of the core values of the smart city mission. Utilization of clean energy sources is the primary step to struggle to overcome the pollution and waste of natural resources. In the traditional city lower section of the urban area uses biomass or wood as fuel and middle & upper section opts for natural gas. Smart city redefines this traditional system into an organised and well-monitored concept of “city gas distribution (CGD)†network. CGD is the booming business sector in India with a good potential market. The smart metering system to restrict over the wastage & and all time availability is the basic feature of the CGD system and this will help to boost the usage of eco-friendly fuel publically at a large scale that will add value to the smart city concept or planned urbanization.

Author: Aditya D Sarkate, Durgesh B Pathare, Vaishnavi V Deshmukh, Shiwani A Dewang, Krunal N Ghode, A K Duchakke

Abstract: Attendance system plays vital role in any institution, schools and colleges where the record of their regularity is noted. In This concepts we have replace the traditional attendance system into moving automated biometric attendance system where teachers don’t have to call students name for their attendance. A moving robot will come to student’s place where he has to just place their finger on fingerprint Scanner. This concept will save time while taking attendance in manual system. There will be transparency and also authentication will be fully based on the students biometric so no issue of fake attendance. This will increase overall classroom attendance as biometric of students cannot be mismatched.

Authors: Mr. Atharva Khare, Prashant Honmukhe

Abstract: Wind power now represents a major and growing source of renewable energy. Large wind turbines (with capacities of up to 6-8 MW) are widely installed in power distribution networks. Increasing numbers of onshore and offshore wind farms, acting as power plants, are connected directly to power transmission networks at the scale of hundreds of megawatts. As its level of grid penetration has begun to increase dramatically, wind power is starting to have a significant impact on the operation of the modern grid system. Advanced power electronics technologies are being introduced to improve the characteristics of the wind turbines, and make them more suitable for integration into the power grid. Meanwhile, there are some emerging challenges that still need to be addressed. This paper provides an overview and discusses some trends in the power electronics technologies used for wind power generation. First, the state-of-the-art technology and global market are generally discussed. Several important wind turbine concepts are discussed, along with power electronics solutions either for individual wind turbines or for entire wind farms. Some technology challenges and future solutions for power electronics in wind turbine systems are also addressed.

Authors: Aniket Kamble, ViditaRaut, Rahul Rathod, Rohan Pandey, Sanjay Lohar

Abstract: Gardening is one of the hobby of people. In earlier days people used small water tanks for watering plants. As technology progressed people started using pipes for watering plants. But it was one of the tedious tasks as to carry the pipe to the garden. It required a lot of human effort to carry the pipe. Pipes were damaged due to knots produced if they were not placed properly. Also it was time consuming job.

Authors:-Dr. N. Rameshkumar, B. Balajee

Abstract:-The lifting scheme is an implementation of Discrete Wavelet Transform. It presents primed computation of the wavelet coefficients. This paper presents Field Programmable Gate Array implementation of 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform to compress the images for recovery and storage. The aim of this paper is to investigate novel and efficient Very Large Scale Integration designs for the lifting algorithm. The design is made in VHSIC Hardware Description Language using Xilinx ISE and the simulator used is ISE Simulator. The design can be used to reduce the complexity for lossy image compression. The Lifting Scheme has less memory requirement.

Authors:-Sumanta Karmakar

Abstract:-One of the vast evolutions of wireless technology is WiMAX technology using Coplanar waveguide feed for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) frequency bands are presented. The proposed antenna is fabricated on Aluminum Nitride Ceramic substrate with dielectric constant 4.6 and thickness of small mm. Antenna is one of the most important components in wireless communication. Due to the presence of two frequency bands of WiMAX used in Indonesia, there is a need to develop an antenna that can operate in both frequencies. This paper discusses the design of coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed octagon shaped microstrip antenna. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the antenna design proposed by the author has a wide bandwidth that includes frequency band of 2.3 GHz and 3.3 GHz. The antenna gain falls between 1.8 .

Authors:- DPFC for Enhancing Power System Stability

Abstract:- The distributed power flow-controller (DPFC) modified from UPFC for increasing system stability and reducing costs. The DPFC can be considered as a UPFC with an eliminated common dc link. The active power exchange between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. The DPFC has the same control capability as the UPFC, which comprises the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The objective of this review paper is to study principle of DPFC and analysis the performance to improve the voltage profile. Detailed simulations were carried out to illustrate the control features of these devices.

Authors:- K Sree Divya , N Ravi Kiran , Dr. B. Mouli Chandra

Abstract:- An advanced Fuzzy based power control strategy by limiting the maximum feed-in power of PV systems has been proposed, which can ensure a fast and smooth transition between maximum power point tracking and Constant Power Generation (CPG). Regardless of the solar irradiance levels, high-performance and stable operation are always achieved by the proposed Fuzzy based control strategy. It can regulate the PV output power according to any set-point and force the PV systems to operate at the left side of the maximum power point without stability problems. Experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the Fuzzy based proposed CPG control in terms of high accuracy, fast dynamics, and stable transitions.