Journal of Current Trends in Electrical Engineering ISSN: 3107-4375 (Online)

Authors:-Swapnil Mohod, Pooja Bhalerao, Gauri Karhe, Vaidehi Nandurkar

Abstract:-There are two types of energies i.e. conventional energy and non-conventional energy conventional energies are the source of energy i.e. fuel coal, mineral, etc is now depleting day by day .These sources are getting exhausted and are responsible for energy crisis. Use of non-conventional energy is one of the effective and alternative method for this problem. The human locomotion is being wasted so we can utilize this wasted energy for the energy demand. In this project we are presenting a idea of generating electric energy by using simple human locomotion or footstep i.e non-conventional energy source. In this project we can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by using mechanical and electrical setup. This arrangement is placed under a floor which contains rack, pinion, spring, gear mechanism and electrical equipment like battery, inverter, generator and load. When a person walk over such system the human locomotion i.e. kinetic energy is converted electric get stored which can be provided to nearby places. This project can prove beneficiary for health aspect and pollution aspect. By using this concept on a large scale, large power can be tapped out.

Author:-K. V. Jyothi Prakash

Abstract:-Electricity is one of the basic requirements of human being, which is widely used in Industrial, domestic and agricultural purposes. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization there is a great demand for electricity and to meet this increased demand, the technologies like nuclear power plants, hydro electrical power plants, solar power plants, wind power plants etc. are implemented. Because of demand for power being greater than the power generated and various failures at the power generation centers or on the distribution front etc, the continuous distribution of power to all requirements all time poses various challenges and in some cases may be it is impossible. Therefore the proper utilization and efficient distribution of power is very important and is a challenge. Here in this paper we describe a method for the efficient distribution of power along with various additional features.

Authors:-Bhargavi B A, Dr. Roopa M

Abstract:-There has been an increasing concern about the growing vulnerability of future computing systems resulting errors in the underlying hardware. Providing reliability unlike conventional fault tolerant techniques, without additional resources is a critical challenge in deeply scaled CMOS and post CMOS era. Hence designing a reliable system with low overheads is very important. To tackle this challenge, we take the benefit of different intrinsic resilience of application domains such as multimedia, recognition, mining, search and analytics which produces acceptable outputs despite occasional approximate computations. In this paper as a new approach of performing approximate error checking at greatly reduced overhead is proposed. Stochastic Checkers are designed by using stochastic computing (SC). This checker has main benefit of using compact arithmetic elements. Additionally it is innately fault tolerant because of its distinctive encoding of numerical values. Hence by using necessary Binary To Stochastic (BTS) converter and Stochastic To Binary (STB) converter error checkers are designed. Further Triple Modular Redundancy[TMR] is proposed to depict the advantage of Stochastic Checker (StoCK), further both the proposed designs are explored and Simulation are carried out for both FIR filter and a equation, applications using Xilinx Vivado design suite, as compared with traditional fault tolerant technique while maintaining high fault coverage.

Authors: Nitish Arora

Abstract: The consumption of electricity will comprise an increasing share of global energy demand during the next two decades. At present, India is a larger consumer of fossil fuels due to increased population & industrial growth. This rapid increase in use of energy has created problems of demand & supply. It has now been widely recognized that the fossil fuels and other conventional resources, presently being used for generation of electrical energy, may not be either sufficient or suitable to keep pace with ever increasing demand of the electrical energy of the world. Because of which, the future of Non renewable energies is becoming uncertain. In recent years, the severe power crisis and increasing cost of fossil fuels coupled with the emergence of environmental issues of greenhouse gas emissions have renewed the interest in the development of alternative energy resources. The present paper entails about the different alternative energy sources their limitations and the use of different phase change materials.

Authors: Kiran Kumar G R, Shivakumar L N, Kumudeesh K C, Bindhu L

Abstract: Wind energy is the environmental pollution free, hazardless and one of the best renewable energy for the generation of electric power. The main objective of the paper is to generate minimum amount of power from the plant without any disturbance, and deals with the technical details involved in the generation of power through wind technology. New wind power plants turbine technologies can and should deliver control with features and performance that are improved compared to other bulk power plant technologies. Here in the proposed system when the air flows at certain speed, it strikes the wind blades and the wind blades attached with the rotor starts to rotate, as and when the rotor rotates, the power will be transmitted by means of bevel gear arrangement. The power due to horizontal rotation of the shaft will transmit to the vertical shaft so that the DC Generator also engages and hence the power can be produced. The produced electric power can be stored in the battery, which can be utilized for various purposes. H-Bridge circuit is used to control the motor in both directions. Gear coupling is done with both the axis shaft for the rotation purpose. Spur gear is used along vertical and bevel gear along horizontal. Generator (DC motor) for generating the power and a DC geared motor is also being used for the speed variation.

Authors: Prof.(Dr.) Manish Bhargava, Shiv Prakash Dadhich, Mahesh Gupta

Abstract: Most energy policies principal objective is energy efficiency hence energy consumption is a cornerstone for sustainable growth and advancement. The main purpose of this current paper involves determining the role of energy efficiency on sustainable development. Thus, the paper adopts a conceptual approach by using current literature on energy efficiency in evaluating its purpose in sustainable growth. The paper finds that energy efficiency plays multiple roles towards sustainable economic development. For that reason, it contributes to carbon reduction which results in minimized cli-mate change. It also results in employment creation thereby reducing poverty which enhances sustainable livelihoods. The paper also introduces an additional approach that support energy efficiency termed “energy efficient strategy for urban residential setting sustainability†which further enhances sustainable growth.

Authors: Souvanik Bandyopadhyay, MPS Chawla

Abstract: To improve the efficiency of solar panel, it is very important to get more information about the Solar panel performance, tracking and maintenance. In this paper, an effort has been made to see how solar panel characteristics can be monitored from any remote location. This paper presents how data monitoring is done by the Arduino-UNO, which is an open source hardware and software platform as well as it is a single board Microcontroller. A SIM 900 GSM modules is used for real time data transmission. The project carried out, has one sending end and another one receiving end. This system monitors the Ambient Panel Temperature, Humidity, Panel Current and voltage, Light intensity, Power and then calculates the Panel Efficiency by using all these parameters. At the receiving end, GSM module receives the sensor data and stores it into an Excel sheet through the PLX-DAQ (Parallel Data Acquisition Tool Box) software via Arduino to store the data in MySQL database. The stored data will be reflected on the Web Page. SIM 900 GSM module will also give text messages about the readings of the Panel parameters or the Web page is accessed to see the Solar Panel data at any remote location in any instant of time.

Authors: T. D. Paunikar, C. M. Bobde

Abstract: Voltage sag is the occur by miss operation of several sensitive electronic equipment. That problem can be mitigate with voltage injection process using Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). The analysis and simulation of a DVR with pulse width modulation technique based on controller using Matlab/Simulink presented in this paper. To mitigate the voltage sag using DVR is explained by the parameters like voltage, power. The control technique which involved switching the inverter always used easily by applying DVR to it. The two control techniques used connected to DVR which are Proportional-integral Controller (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controller which give the result to assess the presentation of controller and capability of DVR for the best power quality solution and continuous simulation with respect to power supply. The modelling and simulation of DVR controlled by PI and Fuzzy has been developed using Matlab/Simulink.

Authors:-B.Vijayalakshmi, P.Siddaiah

Abstract:-Cognitive radio is an emerging technology that aims at utilizing the spectrum efficiently. Cognitive radio is an intelligent radio which has the ability to allocate the spectrum dynamically. Cognitive radio detects the unused spectrum holes (spectrum sensing), characterizes the available bands (spectrum decision), the coordination with other cognitive devices in the access phase (spectrum sharing), and the capability to handover towards other spectrum holes when licensed users if a better spectrum opportunity becomes available (spectrum mobility). In this paper, a game theoretic framework is proposed to evaluate Spectrum allocation functionalities in Cognitive Radio Networks. The secondary users are the players of the game and the spectrum selection process is done based on the game theoretic frame work. In this paper we proposed pure Nash and mixed Nash strategies and simulations are done in matlab. Numerical results are reported to assess the quality of the game equilibrium.

Authors:-Pauline Shilpa, Ashwanthy J

Abstract:-A Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is a personal, short distance of an wireless network for interconnecting device entered around an individual person’s workspace WPAN’s address wireless networking and mobile computing devices such as PCs, PDAs, Peripherals, Cell phones, Pages and Consumer electronics the role of PAN is a computer network used for data transmission amongst devices such as computers, telephones, tablets and personal digital assistants the existing system of WPAN has many issues, like large scale indoor environment when WiFi coverage is poor, Battery Consumption is high in Smartphone due to continuously scan nearby WiFi routers and there is no accurate, robust and consistent localization and tracing services. So we need highly dedicated application on the user’s smart phones. The work related in the proposed system occasionally correct the drifting error of PDR in poor WiFi coverage area. Beacon application manages users Smartphone to scan nearby WiFi routers. An accurate indoor localization and tracing of book in library using Smartphone built in inertial measurement unit (IMU) Sensor this work mainly focuses on locating a book in library. Once the book is identified, using pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) approach, the route to approach the book is achieved the scope of this system to provide accurate, practical and large scale indoor location services.

Authors:-Subhadra Das

Abstract:-Fading is major impairment of the wireless communication which along with other phenomenon gives rise to noise in the channel. Adaptive filters are useful in noise cancellation applications because of the fact that they can track the variations in the input signal compared to a given reference signal. In this paper, we explore a method of noise cancellation using an adaptive filter trained with Least Mean Square (LMS), Normalised Least Mean Square (NLMS) and Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithms to extract the transmitted signal through a severely faded stochastic channel. The proposed systems gives satisfactory results in a severely faded Rayleigh channel in SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO set-ups. The work shows a depiction of the approach and formulates a framework for developing certain insight into the use of adaptive filtering to fight fading in wireless channel.

Authors:-Savita Panday, Dr. Jyoti Jain

Abstract:-This Paper presents the reviews of few previous works for low noise amplifier(LNA).This paper will explore recent architectures of LNA and Gm-boosting and current reuse techniques .These techniques are useful for better noise figure, increasing gain, and good impedance matching. As to improve the above parameters further an inductor connected at the gate of the cascode transistor and capacitive cross-coupling is reviewed. In this survey we try to use a technique to improve the gain, increase the linearity and Noise figure of LNA and study various design parameter improvement techniques using supply voltage of 1.8 V for 2.4 GHz RF receiver.

Authors:-Sangita Wamane

Abstract:-Many creative ideas are being proposed for image sensor designs, and these may be useful in applications ranging from consumer photography to computer vision. To understand and evaluate each new design, we must create a corresponding image processing pipeline that transforms the sensor data into a form that is appropriate for the application. The need to design and optimize these pipelines is time-consuming and costly. We explain a method that combines machine learning and image systems simulation that automates the pipeline design. The approach is based on a new way of thinking of the image processing pipeline as a large collection of local linear filters. We illustrate how the method has been used to design pipelines for novel sensor architectures in consumer photography applications.

Authors: Shraddha Y. Swami, Jayashree S. Awati

Abstract: Reconfigurable device like FPGA, are capable of reducing execution times by making use of parallelism techniques in image processing algorithms. Implementation of highly parallel system architecture, Parallel access of large internal memory banks and optimization of processing element for different applications makes FPGA an ideal for image processing applications .Edge detection in an image processing helps to extract information from an image because edges in an image are consisting of meaningful features. So, significant information of an image can be extracted from edges. Sobel edge detection is gradient based edge detection method. Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA kit is used to realize the Sobel edge detection filter. In VLSI area, power and delay are important design factors. These three factors depend upon each and every operation performing in an FPGA. Arithmetic and logic operations play an important role in digital circuits. A systems performance is generally determined by the performance of the multiplier because the multiplier is generally the slowest element in the system. Furthermore, it is generally the most area consuming. Hence optimizing the speed and area of the multiplier is a major design issue. This paper presents the implementation of Sobel Edge detection filter using Normal multiplier, Shift-Add multiplier and radix-4 Booth Multiplier and comparison of their results.

Authors:-K. Nikhitha , P. Siddaiah

Abstract:-In this paper a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for Ku band is proposed. By using cylindrical DR, metallic cylinder and intermediate layer we obtain large bandwidth and high gain. The cavity formed by the metallic cylinder gives the high gain. The intermediate layer suppresses the surface wave propagation to improve the gain. The measured result for the proposed antenna achieves a bandwidth from 15.2 GHz to 16.7 GHz with a voltage standing wave ratio of less than 2 and a high gain of nearly 11.5 dB.

Authors:-V. Lakshmi Parvathi, P. Siddaiah

Abstract:-In this paper, the circular microstrip patch antenna is designed for wireless devices and cognitive radio application purposes. In the proposed structure, a circular microstrip patch antenna with pin diodes, circular slot having the centre frequency at 10 GHz was designed. The frequency reconfiguration is achieved by switching the pin diodes on/off states and the simulated results are obtained between the frequency ranges from 10.15 GHz to 10.711 GHz for two diodes case, 10.089-10.44 GHz for three diodes case, 9.82-10.66 GHz for four diodes case. The patch antenna is designed on FR4 substrate with ɛr=4.54 and thickness t=1.6 mm. The proposed simulation model is constructed on HFSS13.0 simulation software.

Authors:-Kamble Prajkta R

Abstract:-India is one of the largest sugarcane growing nations. So, lot of waste material is getting produced during the production of sugar. The cogeneration technique helps to reuse these waste products for generation purpose. Cogeneration based on biomass is environmentally friendly, and all kinds of biomass resources can be used. As a result of this, the sugar units today are integrated plants which apart from manufacturing sugar, generate power and supply to the grid and also have distillery to produce ethyl alcohol. It is a system of commercially available technologies that lower general gas consumption and related GHG emissions via generating each strength and beneficial heat from the same gas input. For industries in want of energy in distinctive forms consisting of electricity & steam, (maximum extensively used form of warmth strength), the cogeneration is right answer due to its viability from technical, within your means in addition to environmental perspective.

Authors:-Venkatesh R Apte, Ujjwal S Bharambe, Amey Deshmmukh, Nimisha Shirbhate

Abstract:- This paper deals with the major advancement’s made to the fire suppressor systems in the recent years. The main problems faced by the fire systems are Portability, Automation and its cost. Existing fire extinguishers systems are not portable, setup cost is huge and operating it becomes a hurdle in times of emergency. So we device new methods wherein we can make the systems portable, automated and easily accessible .The newly devised system can provide a lot of safety to urban consumers where space is the biggest constraint. Use of Internet of things can help us connect the consumer to the systems thus reducing the real danger in emergency situations.

Authors:-Nandita, Daljit Kaur, Sonia Grover

Abstract:-Photovoltaic cells are been used in the energy sector for past very long time. Currently, they have been used in commercial aspects also. But still, there lies a no. of disadvantages too i,e, one of the major disadvantages is to track the maximum energy from the solar cell. Maximum energy Point Techniques (MPPT) have been designed &implemented, in order to obtain the maximum energy from the solar cell. This paper provides a method using ANFIS for number of solar cells, in order to obtain maximum energy from solar cell. The number of solar cells provides more desirable output as opposed to their single junction solar cell. ANFIS based algorithm is applied utilizing neural network and fuzzy logic. The membership functions are designed using an initial inference and then the weights of the membership functions are found by using Neural Network Technology. Then further, firing angle’s optimal value is calculated and then fed to the Boost converter.

Authors:-Govind Rai Goyal, Mohit Kumar Jain

Abstract:-Smart Grid is sophisticated, digitally enhanced power systems where the use of modern communications and control technologies allows much greater robustness, efficiency and flexibility than today’s power systems. One subset of smart grids is smart metering / advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) etc. Smart Grid envisages providing choices to each and every customer for deciding the timing and amount of power consumption based upon the price of the power at a particular moment of time, apart from providing choices to the consumer and motivating them to participate in the operations of the grid, causing energy efficiency and accommodating all generation and storage options, Smart Grid also envisages various properties for the Grid like self-healing and adaptive The suite of Smart Grid products and technologies help maximizing system uptime, while also helping the utility more quickly to restore power to homes and businesses in the event of an outage. Government of India has recently formed “Smart Grid Forum†and “Smart Grid Task Force†for enablement of smart grid technology into Indian Power Distribution Utilities as a part of their Smart Grid initiative to meet their growing energy demand in similar with the developed country like USA, Europe etc.

 

Authors:-M.S.Chavan, P.J. Yadav

Abstract:-AVR plays a vital role in generating station. To maintain voltage stability of the generator the terminal voltage should remain constant. So, Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) used to maintain a constant voltage level and it uses an electromechanical mechanism or electronic components depending on its design. The regulators must be designed in such a way that it is insensitive to very small changes; if this is not happened then the system may prone to hunting and result in excessive wear and tear in machine and control equipment. This paper consists of simulation and hardware implementation of Ant Colony Optimization algorithm based PID controller design for automatic voltage regulator. The performance of AVR system with conventional fixed gain PID controller and ACO algorithm based PID is compared in Matlab environment by measuring the settling time, peak overshoot and oscillation. The proposed system is also analyzed by hardware implementation.

Authors:-P.Suresh, G.Vijayakumar

Abstract:-This paper presents a novel control strategy for a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) system to compensate power quality problems at the point of common coupling (PCC) in a distribution system. The proposed control strategy for shunt active filter uses a simple mathematical concept which reduces the complexity in design. Simulation study shows that an UPQC with proposed control algorithm effectively compensates current harmonics, unbalance and reactive power. The performance of UPQC is verified for a system with voltage distortions, sag /swell using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Based on the simulation results obtained, harmonic and power quality analysis has been done.

Authors:-Anjali Joshi, Anushree Kharwade, Divya Dhiran, Govind Avadhani

Abstract:-The abstract is about a concept of a device that would help the blind person locate their misplaced items. Even some of us have experienced it; we tend to keep our keys/bags here and there and end up misplacing them. If it’s difficult to find such items even for people like us having proper eye sight, we can understand how difficult it would be for a blind person. So, this work is an idea to help them in their day to day lives. This product has two devices, namely transmitter and receiver module; a transmitting device that would stay with them in the form of wrist band or remote and there would be a receiving device attached to the object. The main objective is to make it simple, compact and economical as well

Authors:-Prakash Kerur, R.L.Chakrasali

Abstract:-Micro grid distribution system planning is important to ensure that the growing need of electricity is met by the distributors. Planning starts at customer level, Individual power producers (IPPs) are the part of the power management system, as low power generated by the IPPs should reach the consumer through the shortest path in order to reduce the feeder line losses in low voltage distribution networks. Therefore, proper planning of the distribution system is very important to maintain continuity of power. While Planning Distribution System (DSP) the concept of graph theory can be used such that it involves selection of all possible paths through the graph between each pair of vertices. It compares the paths that exist between each pair of vertices until an optimal shortest path between two vertices is achieved. In this work selection of optimal shortest path is obtained using Johnson’s Algorithm. Several optimization techniques have been implemented to solve the problem of identification of shortest path. The work presented in this paper is yet another approach to address the same issue. To validate the proposed method, it is implemented on IEEE 8 bus system and simulation carried out using MAT LAB with results obtained for bidirectional power flow.

Authors:-Ashwini B. Waghchaure, Kavita S. Tated

Abstract:-In this paper, associate energy calculation through wireless good meter mistreatment Zigbee is planned for automatic meter information assortment, offer indication through messages displayed on LCD and energy auditing. During this paper, we tend to discuss totally different hardware techniques for tripping, representing, indicating the shoppers and power observation. It is the ARM7 Processor primarily based system that ceaselessly records the readings and mechanically takes the responsibility of scheming the bill with the information acknowledged from the energy meter, and also the bill provided by the operator and displays an equivalent. The design presents a novice methodology of combined Zig-bee and international System for Mobile communication (GSM) technology to observe the facility consumption and dominant of the meters remotely. This technique avoids the human intervention in power management.