Journal of Power Electronics and Drives ISSN: 3139-1923 (Online)

Abstract

Power semiconductor devices form the backbone of modern power electronics systems, enabling efficient conversion, control, and distribution of electrical energy. These devices are critical in applications such as renewable energy systems, industrial automation, and electric vehicles. This paper explores the fundamental principles of power semiconductor devices, their types, and their switching characteristics. It discusses the operational mechanisms, performance parameters, and recent advancements in the field. Additionally, challenges associated with improving switching speed, reducing losses, and enhancing reliability are highlighted.

Keywords: Power Semiconductor Devices, Switching Characteristics, Power Electronics, Energy Efficiency, Device Reliability, Thermal Management

Abstract

Multilevel inverters are transforming the landscape of power electronics by enabling higher efficiency and reduced harmonic distortion in electric drives. This paper delves into the operation, design, and application of multilevel inverters in various sectors, including renewable energy systems and industrial motor drives. The study analyzes different multilevel inverter topologies, their control methods, and the advantages they offer in high-power applications. It also addresses the challenges associated with cost, complexity, and reliability. The paper concludes with a discussion on future trends in multilevel inverter technology, particularly for electric drives and grid-tied systems.

Keywords: Multilevel Inverters, Electric Drives, Harmonic Distortion, High Power Applications, Control Strategies

ABSTRACT

The rapid integration of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy into modern power grids has significantly reduced the overall system inertia. Traditional power systems relied on large synchronous generators whose rotating masses inherently provided inertia to resist frequency deviations. However, renewable generation interfaced through power electronic converters contributes little or no physical inertia. This reduction in inertia leads to faster frequency changes, instability risks, and new operational challenges for grid operators. This paper reviews the concept of low-inertia power systems, explains the impact of high renewable penetration on system dynamics, and discusses modeling techniques and control strategies to maintain stability. Methods such as synthetic inertia, grid-forming inverters, advanced control schemes, and energy storage integration are explored. The paper also highlights challenges in protection, forecasting, and policy considerations. Tables and illustrative figures are included for clarity.

KEYWORDS: Low inertia, renewable energy integration, frequency stability, synthetic inertia, grid-forming inverter, power electronics, energy storage.

Abstract

With growing concerns over energy consumption in industrial and commercial sectors, energy-efficient motor drives have become a focus of modern power electronics research. This paper explores how power electronic technologies, particularly variable frequency drives (VFDs) and advanced control algorithms, are employed to optimize motor drive performance. The integration of energy-saving strategies, such as soft starting, regenerative braking, and advanced pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques, is highlighted. The paper also discusses the environmental and economic benefits of energy-efficient motor drives, along with challenges such as system complexity and initial investment costs.

Keywords: Energy-Efficient Drives, Power Electronics, Variable Frequency Drives, PWM Techniques, Regenerative Braking

ABSTRACT

Power electronics play a crucial role in the performance of electric drives used in industrial applications. This paper explores recent advancements in power electronics technology, particularly in inverter designs, which have improved efficiency, power density, and reliability. The integration of advanced semiconductor materials like silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) has significantly enhanced the capabilities of power electronic converters. Furthermore, this paper reviews the application of power electronics in high-performance drives, focusing on improved switching technologies, heat dissipation methods, and control strategies for industrial motor drives. The potential of these innovations to revolutionize the energy consumption of large-scale industrial operations is discussed in detail. 

KEYWORDS: Power Electronics, High-Performance Drives, Silicon Carbide, Gallium Nitride, Industrial Applications

Abstract

Supercapacitors and flywheels are two emerging energy storage technologies with unique advantages and specific applications in modern industries. While supercapacitors are known for their high power density and rapid charge discharge cycles, flywheels offer efficient kinetic energy storage with high power output and quick response times. This paper explores the fundamental principles, advantages, challenges, and applications of both technologies, providing a comparative analysis of their performance. The discussion also includes future trends and research directions aimed at improving the efficiency and applicability of these energy storage systems.

Keywords: Supercapacitors, Flywheels, Energy Storage, Electrostatic Double Layer Capacitance, Pseudocapacitance, Kinetic Energy, High Power Density, Energy Recovery Systems

Abstract

High-power drive systems are essential for various industrial applications, from manufacturing to transportation. This paper reviews recent advancements in high-power drive systems, emphasizing improvements in efficiency, performance, and reliability. It covers developments in power electronic devices, advanced control algorithms, and thermal management techniques. The review also highlights innovations in semiconductor materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), which contribute to enhanced performance and efficiency. Additionally, the paper discusses the integration of modern diagnostics and monitoring technologies that facilitate real-time performance assessment and maintenance. By synthesizing current research and practical implementations, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in high-power drive systems.

Keywords: High-Power Drives, Power Electronics, Efficiency Improvements, Semiconductor Materials, Diagnostics and Monitoring

ABSTRACT

Multilevel inverters have emerged as a key technology for industrial drive systems, offering significant advantages in terms of output quality and efficiency. This paper presents a detailed design and analysis of multilevel inverters, focusing on their application in industrial drive systems. The study covers various multilevel inverter topologies, including diode-clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge inverters. The paper also explores design considerations, such as voltage balancing, switching strategies, and harmonic reduction techniques. Through simulation and experimental results, the performance of different inverter topologies is evaluated in terms of efficiency, harmonic distortion, and thermal management. The findings provide valuable insights into the optimal design and implementation of multilevel inverters for industrial drive applications.

KEYWORDS: Multilevel Inverters, Industrial Drives, Topologies, Harmonic Reduction, Efficiency

Abstract

Power electronics plays a crucial role in the efficient conversion and management of electrical energy in renewable energy systems. This paper explores advanced control techniques applied to power electronics for enhancing the performance and reliability of renewable energy applications, such as wind and solar power systems. The study delves into various control strategies, including Model Predictive Control (MPC), Adaptive Control, and Fuzzy Logic Control, and evaluates their effectiveness in managing power converters and drives. By examining recent advancements and practical implementations, this paper aims to provide insights into optimizing energy conversion processes, improving system stability, and addressing challenges related to grid integration and power quality. The results indicate that advanced control techniques significantly enhance the performance and adaptability of power electronics in renewable energy systems.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Renewable Energy, Control Techniques, Grid Integration, Energy Conversion

Abstract

Power converters play a crucial role in modern electrical systems by converting and controlling electrical power to meet specific requirements. The advancement in control methods for power converters is essential to enhance their efficiency, stability, and performance. This paper delves into the various advanced control techniques applied to power converters, including model predictive control, sliding mode control, and adaptive control. These methods are explored in detail, with an emphasis on their applications, benefits, and challenges. The paper also discusses the future trends and research directions in the field of power converter control systems.

Keywords: Power Converters, Model Predictive Control, Sliding Mode Control, Adaptive Control, Efficiency, Stability, Advanced Control Methods.

ABSTRACT

Electric drives are widely used in electric vehicles, robotics, industries, and renewable energy systems. Conventional control methods like PI, PID, vector control, and direct torque control are effective but they suffer from parameter sensitivity, nonlinearity issues, and performance degradation under uncertainties. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques are increasingly applied for improving the performance of electric drive control. Intelligent controllers such as fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, reinforcement learning, and deep learning provide adaptive, self learning, and robust control under varying operating conditions. This paper presents a detailed review of AI/ML-based intelligent control strategies used in electric drives, highlighting their principles, advantages, limitations, and real-time implementation challenges. Comparative analysis with conventional controllers is also discussed. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding for researchers working on next generation smart drives.

KEYWORDS: Electric drives, Intelligent control, Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy logic, Reinforcement learning, Sensorless control, AI in drives

ABSTRACT

The rapid evolution of power electronics and high-frequency switching applications demands semiconductor devices with superior efficiency, thermal stability, and switching performance. Traditional silicon (Si) devices are reaching their performance limits in high-power and high-temperature environments. Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) have emerged as promising alternatives due to their higher breakdown voltage, faster switching speed, and better thermal characteristics. However, each material has its own limitations in terms of cost, fabrication complexity, and integration. Hybrid transistor systems that combine Si, SiC, and GaN devices in a single architecture provide an effective solution to utilize the advantages of each material. This paper reviews the concept, architecture, benefits, challenges, and applications of hybrid transistor systems. It also discusses design strategies, thermal management, packaging concerns, and future trends. Tables and comparative analysis are presented to highlight the performance differences.

KEYWORDS: Hybrid transistors, Silicon carbide, Gallium nitride, Wide bandgap semiconductors, Power electronics, High frequency switching.

ABSTRACT

High-speed motor drives play a vital role in modern robotics applications, where requirements such as fast dynamic response, high power density, precision motion control, and compact size are critical. This paper presents a comprehensive study of high-speed motor drive systems used in industrial and service robots. Key motor technologies including Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM), Brushless DC (BLDC) motors, and switched reluctance motors (SRM) are analyzed with respect to high-speed operation. Advanced control strategies such as field-oriented control (FOC), model predictive control (MPC), and sensorless control techniques are discussed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that optimized high-speed drive systems significantly enhance robotic performance, efficiency, and reliability while reducing mechanical stress and energy losses.

KEYWORDS: High-speed motor drives, Robotics, PMSM, BLDC, Sensorless control, Field-oriented control, Model predictive control.

ABSTRACT

The rapid growth of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines, and energy storage units, has transformed the traditional centralized power system paradigm. DERs provide localized generation, enhance energy efficiency, and support sustainable development. However, their integration into the grid introduces challenges related to voltage regulation, frequency stability, power quality, and protection coordination. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the technical, economic, and regulatory aspects of DER integration. The paper examines control strategies, grid codes, communication frameworks, and energy management approaches necessary for smooth operation of DERs. The study also highlights emerging trends, including smart grids, microgrids, and vehicle to-grid technologies, which facilitate DER integration. Practical insights and case studies illustrate how DERs can support grid resilience and renewable energy penetration without compromising stability.

KEYWORDS: Distributed energy resources, grid integration, smart grids, microgrids, renewable energy, energy storage, power quality, DER control

ABSTRACT

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic and wind energy has transformed the structure of modern power systems. Unlike conventional synchronous generators, these renewable sources are connected through power electronic inverters which do not inherently provide inertia or voltage support to the grid. This has led to serious challenges in grid stability, especially in weak grids and microgrids. To address this issue, advanced inverter control strategies known as grid-forming (GFM) and grid supporting (GFS) controls have emerged. Grid-forming inverters can establish voltage and frequency references, behaving similar to synchronous machines, while grid-supporting inverters assist the grid by providing ancillary services such as reactive power compensation and frequency regulation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of grid-forming and grid-supporting inverter control techniques, their principles, modeling approaches, control strategies, stability issues, and practical applications. Comparative analysis between both approaches is discussed along with future research directions.

KEYWORDS: Grid-forming inverter, Grid-supporting inverter, Virtual inertia, Droop control, Microgrid, Renewable integration, Power electronics control.

Abstract

The nonlinear dynamics such as bifurcation and chaos has got lot of attention in research fraternity. The power electronics is a dynamic and nonlinear field in which chaos plays an important role. The time dynamic and nonlinearity is cannot be neglected or it is default case in power electronics. The present paper discusses the simulative study of Bifurcation and chaotic behaviour in the single stage boost converter with the help of bifurcation diagram. It is also confer the parameter variation and its respective effect on bifurcation diagram and stability.

Keywords: Bifurcation, Boost Converter, Chaos, Nonlinear Dynamics

Abstract

Current control systems and emulation systems (also known as Hardware-in the-Loop, HIL or Processor-in-the-Loop, PIL) for high-end power-electronic applications typically consist of a large number of components and interconnecting buses. These components typically include a micro controller for communication and high level control, a DSP for real-time control, an FPGA section for fast parallel actions and data acquisition, multiport RAM structures or bus systems as an interconnect System-on-Chip (SoC) technology integrates a significant number of these functionalities into a single semiconductor chip. This provides the benefit of a decrease in both space and costs, in addition to an increase in the speed of communication within the company. These kinds of systems become increasingly significant not only for scientific study but also for applications in industry. The System-on-Chip (SoC) that serves as an example here combines a fast processor system (FPGA) with a Dual-Core ARM 9 hard processor system (HPS), and there are also fast interlinks between these individual components. For SoC systems to be able to provide real-time control and emulation, the accompanying software and firmware principles need to be carefully considered. This paper explains how to use the resources of the SoC in the most effective way possible and analyses the difficulties that are generated by the internal structure of the SoC. The utilisation of asymmetric multiprocessing is the primary concept here: One of the cores operates in hard real time using a bare-metal operating system. On the second core, a "real-time" Linux operating system handles service operations and communication respectively. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is utilised for flexible process-oriented interfaces (such as A/D, D/A, and switching signals), quasi-hard-wired protection, and the exact timing of the real-time control cycle. This method of implementation is well known and is even occasionally proposed; but, to the best of the author's knowledge, it is only seldom put into practise and rarely documented within the context of demanding real-time control or emulation. In the article, the method of implementation is broken down in great detail, including the process interfaces, and the study also addresses the benefits and drawbacks of the selected idea. The outcomes of the measurements provide evidence of the solution's qualities.

Keywords: SoC, control, cache interference, multiprocessing

Abstract

Bidirectional DC–DC converters plays an important role in modern power electronic systems where energy flow must be controlled in two directions. These converters are widely used in energy storage systems, electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy integration, and smart grids. In EVs, they interface the battery with the DC bus and support regenerative braking, while in energy storage systems they helps in charging and discharging operations with high efficiency. This paper presents a detailed review of bidirectional DC–DC converter topologies, control strategies, design challenges, and their applications in EV and energy storage systems. Various isolated and non isolated configurations are discussed with comparison. Modulation and control techniques are also explained for efficient energy transfer. Tables and figures are provided for better understanding of working and performance parameters.

Keywords: Bidirectional converters, EV powertrain, energy storage, DC bus, regenerative braking, isolated converters, battery interface.

Abstract

Battery Management System (BMS) is one of the most critical subsystem in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage applications. With rapid growth of lithium-ion batteries, the role of power electronics inside BMS has increased very much. Earlier BMS was mainly monitoring unit, but now it includes advanced power electronic circuits for cell balancing, protection, estimation, communication and charging control. This paper presents a detailed review on development of power electronics used in modern BMS. It discusses architecture, cell balancing methods, voltage and current sensing circuits, isolation, protection devices, DC–DC converters, and communication interfaces. Different active and passive balancing topologies are compared. The paper also focuses on challenges in high voltage battery packs, thermal issues and future trends such as smart BMS and AI integration. Tables and figures are provided for better understanding of BMS hardware design.

Keywords: Battery Management System, Power Electronics, Cell Balancing, DC DC Converter, EV Battery, Protection Circuits, Active Balancing.

Abstract

Power quality has become a major concern in modern electrical power systems due to increased use of nonlinear loads, renewable energy integration, power electronic converters, and sensitive industrial equipment. Disturbances such as voltage sag, swell, harmonics, flicker, transients, and unbalance affects the reliability and performance of electrical devices. Traditional passive techniques are no longer sufficient to mitigate these issues effectively. Hence, active power quality improvement techniques using advanced power electronic devices and intelligent control strategies are widely adopted. This paper reviews different active power quality improvement methods including Active Power Filters (APF), Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Distribution STATCOM (DSTATCOM), and hybrid filtering methods. Control strategies, comparison of techniques, advantages, limitations, and recent developments are discussed. The paper also highlights future trends toward smart grid and AI-based control for power quality enhancement.

Keywords: Power quality, Active power filter, UPQC, DVR, DSTATCOM, Harmonics mitigation, Voltage sag compensation.

Abstract

Power electronic components play a pivotal role in modern electronic systems, serving functions ranging from voltage regulation to power conversion. Ensuring the reliability and estimating the lifetime of these components is crucial for the efficient operation of various applications, from renewable energy systems to electric vehicles. This paper provides an overview of the key factors influencing the reliability of power electronic components and the methods used for estimating their lifetime. We discuss the challenges and advancements in reliability assessment and lifetime prediction techniques, emphasizing the importance of accurate assessments to maximize the performance and longevity of power electronic systems.

Keywords: Power Electronic Components, Reliability Assessment, Lifetime Estimation, Accelerated Life Testing, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, Weibull Analysis, Field Data Analysis