Journal of Power Electronics and Drives ISSN: 3139-1923 (Online)

ABSTRACT

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have become a crucial component in modern industrial, automotive, and robotics applications due to their high efficiency, low maintenance, and precise control capabilities. This paper investigates various speed control techniques for BLDC motors, including Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), field-oriented control (FOC), and sensorless control methods. Comparative analysis of control strategies is performed using both simulation and experimental results. The study also explores torque-speed characteristics, dynamic response, and energy efficiency of BLDC motors under different control schemes. The findings demonstrate that optimized speed control not only improves system performance but also prolongs motor lifespan, making BLDC motors ideal for high-performance industrial and renewable energy applications.

KEYWORDS: Brushless DC motor, PWM, Field-oriented control, Sensorless control, Speed regulation, Torque control.

Abstract

An advanced Fuzzy based power control strategy by limiting the maximum feed-in power of PV systems has been proposed, which can ensure a fast and smooth transition between maximum power point tracking and Constant Power Generation (CPG). Regardless of the solar irradiance levels, high-performance and stable operation are always achieved by the proposed Fuzzy based control strategy. It can regulate the PV output power according to any set-point and force the PV systems to operate at the left side of the maximum power point without stability problems. Experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the Fuzzy based proposed CPG control in terms of high accuracy, fast dynamics, and stable transitions.

Keywords: Constant Power Generation (CPG), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

Abstract

This paper presents a simplified technique for speed control of a one by one excited DC motor the usage of Programmable common sense Controller (%). This technique is based on providing a variable dc voltage to armature circuit of dc motor from a set dc supply voltage through p.c. Pang-Pang manage method is used for switching ON or OFF electricity to dc motor (armature circuit) relying at the reference (command) velocity. With this controlling approach, it is straightforward, speedy and powerful to vary the motor speed from 0 to 100% of rated speed. The proposed machine is appropriate for distinctive industrial packages consisting of subway motors, trolley buses, or battery-operated automobiles.

Keywords- PLC, DC Motor, Pang-Pang Control Method, Relay

Abstract

Power electronic inverter become popular for various industrial drives applications. The multi-level inverter system is very promising in ac drives. Large electrical drives and utility application require advanced power electronics converter to meet the high power demands. As a result, multilevel power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high power and medium voltage situations. A multilevel converter not only achieves high power rating but also improves the performance of the whole system in terms of harmonics. The inverter output with more numbers of voltage levels with reduced number of switches as compared to cascade H-bridge inverter, which results in reduction of installation cost and have simplicity of control system. In this paper, a new configuration of a three-phase seven-level multilevel voltage source inverter is introduced. The proposed topology constitutes the conventional three-phase five-level bridge with three bidirectional switches. This three phase inverter is fed to induction motor and checks the performance characteristics by using matlab/Simulink platform.

Keywords: Bidirectional Switch, Fundamental Frequency Staircase Modulation, Multilevel Inverter

ABSTRACT

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are renowned for high efficiency, power density, and excellent dynamic response, making them ideal for applications ranging from electric vehicles (EVs) to industrial automation. Traditional control of PMSMs requires rotor position and speed feedback via sensors; however, such sensors add cost, complexity, and may reduce reliability in harsh environments. Sensorless control techniques eliminate the physical rotor position or speed sensors, providing benefits in cost reduction, increased reliability, and simpler mechanical design. This paper presents a comprehensive review of sensorless control methods for PMSMs, including back–EMF-based, high-frequency signal injection, observer–based, model reference adaptive systems (MRAS), sliding mode observers, and advanced machine learning approaches. Comparative performance metrics, stability considerations, practical implementation issues, and experimental validation scenarios are discussed. Tables and 2D figures are provided to synthesize key results and aid clarity. The paper concludes with insights into future research directions for enhanced sensorless techniques and their integration into real world applications.

KEYWORDS: Sensorless control, PMSM, observers, back–EMF, high frequency injection, MRAS, stability, performance.

Abstract

The filter design optimization (FDO) problem is defined as finding a set of filter coefficients that yields a filter design with minimum complexity, satisfying the filter constraints. It has received a tremendous interest due to the widespread application of filters. Assuming that the coefficient multiplications in the filter design are realized under a shift-adds architecture, the complexity is generally defined in terms of the total number of adders and subtractors. In this paper, i present an exact FDO is enhanced by using Look UP Table approach. APC and OMS binary properties are used for implementing LUT based FIR filter by using APC And OMC reduced the number of storage elements almost 50%. This method has better performance and it consumes very less power and occupy less space compare to FDO method

Keywords: Anti Symmetric Product Coding (APC), Odd multiple Storage (OMS), Look up Table (LUT), Finite Impulse Response (FIR).

Abstract

In the recent engineering advances the convergence of internet, communication and information technologies will pave the way for new generation. Smart buildings have been equipped with different electronic devices on the basis of Internet of Things (IoT), therefore they are becoming smarter than before. This article surveys the work on occupancy monitoring, energy saving system and security requirements through IoT which is an essential part of smart building. Moreover, we analyze the main parameters that should be considered to be included in any building energy management. This proposed occupancy monitoring develops effective data fusion techniques for improving occupancy monitoring accuracy using multitude of sources. To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this system, devices such as IR sensors and camera can be integrated with the smart building system

Keywords: Infrared (IR), Internet of Things (IoT), heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC), building management techniques (BMS)

Abstract

In recent years with the improvement of net generation, the internet of things (IoT) has all started to use to every domain. The paper introduces the concept a way to observe iot to the accelerator control gadget and take the present manipulate gadget of the BEPCII power substances for example for IoT utility. It no longer handiest introduce the fame of the manipulate gadget of the BEPCII power components, but also gift an answer the way to practice IoT to the present manipulate gadget. The cause is to make the control system greater wise and routinely become aware of what and in which the hassle is while the alarm of the control machine of the energy substances occurs. Which means that IoT can assist to automatically pick out which chassis and which module inserted within the chassis and the relationship cables. It is super handy for the maintainer to apply a cellular smart phone to diagnose faults and create the electronic renovation record.

Keywords: Internet of Things, Electronic renovation record, RFID, BEPCII

Abstract

In the recent years, many applications of PLC have been adopted to use the power line as a link for High Frequency (HF) communication systems. One problem of such system is that the noise present in the power line may affect the communication signal. It has been found that the high frequency harmonics produced from high power converters, which cover a wide range of frequencies can cause serious problems of interference with PLC communication systems.The power converters have been widely used for normal industrial applications. It can be used as a rectifier to produce a high power charger or part of a complicated ac motor drive system. While some systems contain both rectifier and inverter such as, frequency changer, high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission links, high power frequency changers and the Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) systems. The high power switching devices are used for many more applications because of their low cost, high efficiency, controllability and reliability.The problem may occur in transmission stage as in HVDC.The problem becomes more complicated when the harmonics is originating in many single sources. The harmonics can be propagated throughout the entire interconnected power network.In this paper,high frequency distortion and the corresponding noise level in power line communication is discussed in detail.

Keywords: Power Line Communication (PLC), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Harmonic Reduction, Power Line Carrier

Abstract

In this paper we discuss about the Topologies of various multi level inverters such as diode clamped, flying capacitor and cascaded H-bridge with their concepts are discussed. Modulation techniques such as space vector PWM, selective harmonic elimination and sinusoidal PWM are presented and their applicability for the different topologies is also discussed in this paper also we disscuss about Switched mode DC to AC inverters produce a sinusoidal AC output voltage whose magnitude and frequency can be controlled (Kajaer et al 2005). They are widely used in the area of AC induction motor drives. Half bridge inverter is the simplest topology which produces the two level square wave output voltage waveform.

Keywords: DC to AC inverter, PWM, DCMLI.

ABSTRACT

Power electronic systems are the backbone of modern energy conversion, motor drives, renewable energy interfaces, and industrial automation. The increasing complexity and performance demands have made reliability analysis a critical discipline within power electronics design and deployment. Reliability analysis seeks to understand failure modes, predict system lifetimes, quantify downtime risks, and improve design for robustness. This paper presents a comprehensive study of reliability in power electronic systems, including reliability metrics, failure mechanisms, modeling and prediction techniques, testing standards, and condition monitoring strategies. It further explores case studies from industrial implementations and discusses future research directions. Through structured analyses supported by tables, figures, and quantitative assessments, this work offers an in-depth view of how reliability considerations influence power electronics systems throughout their life cycles.

KEYWORDS: - Power electronic systems, reliability analysis, failure mechanisms, lifetime prediction, mean time between failures, accelerated test

ABSTRACT

Wide Bandgap (WBG) semiconductor devices, including silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), are rapidly becoming the cornerstone of high performance power electronics due to their superior electrical and thermal properties. Despite these advantages, WBG devices face reliability challenges caused by complex failure mechanisms, thermal stresses, and material degradation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the reliability issues, underlying failure mechanisms, and lifetime prediction models for WBG devices. Emphasis is placed on the effects of thermal cycling, bias stress, and packaging on device degradation. Key reliability assessment methods and predictive modeling approaches are also discussed. Tables and figures summarize common failure modes, stress factors, and reliability estimation techniques, offering insights for both academic research and industrial applications.

KEYWORDS: Wide Bandgap, SiC, GaN, reliability, failure mechanisms, lifetime prediction, thermal stress, power electronics

Abstract

The Internet undergoes a fundamental transformation as billions of connected “things” surround us and embed themselves into the fabric of our everyday lives. However, this is only the beginning of true convergence between the realm of humans and that of machines, which materializes with the advent of connected machines worn by humans, or wearables. The resulting shift from the Internet of Things to the Internet of Wearable Things (IoWT) brings along a truly personalized user experience by capitalizing on the rich contextual information, which wearables produce more than any other today’s technology. In this paper, after reviewing the relevant contemporary background, we propose efficient means for the delegation of use applicable to a wearable device. Our efficient solutions facilitate contexts where one can us this device to control the cursor of a computer device without the presence of a physical mouse.

Keywords— Internet of Wearable Things, wearable, delegation of use, assistive cursor control, cursor, personally identifiable information, data processing Page 1-9 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2017. A

Abstract

A novel interleaved high step-up converter with voltage multiplier cell is proposed in this paper to avoid the extremely narrow turn-off period and to reduce the current ripple, which flows through the power devices compared with the conventional interleaved boost converter in high step-up applications. Interleaved structure is employed in the input side to distribute the input current, and the voltage multiplier cell is adopted in the output side to achieve a high step-up gain. The voltage multiplier cell is composed of the secondary windings of the coupled inductors, a series capacitor, and two diodes. Furthermore, the switch voltage stress is reduced due to the transformer function of the coupled inductors, which makes low-voltage-rated MOSFETs available to reduce the conduction losses. Moreover, zero-current- switching turn- on soft-switching performance is realized to reduce the switching losses. In addition, the output diode turn-off current falling rate is controlled by the leakage inductance of the coupled inductors, which alleviates the diode reverse recovery problem. Additional active device is not required in the proposed converter, which makes the presented circuit easy to design and control. The simulations results are conferred using Matlab/Simulink platform.

Keywords: Photovoltaic Systems (PV, Step-Up DC/DC Converter, High Voltage Gain, Boost–Fly Back Converter, Voltage Multiplier Module

ABSTRACT

Regenerative braking (RB) is a critical technology for electric vehicles (EVs) that enables the recovery of kinetic energy during deceleration. This paper investigates various regenerative braking techniques, including DC-chopper based braking, PWM-controlled motor braking, and multi-level inverter based regenerative braking. Performance metrics such as energy recovery efficiency, braking torque smoothness, and battery state-of-charge impact are analyzed using simulation and experimental data. The study demonstrates that optimized regenerative braking strategies enhance EV range, improve energy efficiency, and reduce mechanical wear. Recommendations are provided for hybrid and full-electric vehicle applications.

KEYWORDS: Regenerative braking, Electric vehicles, Energy recovery, PWM control, Battery management, braking torque.

Abstract

Microgrids are emerging as an important solution for reliable, sustainable and decentralized power generation. With increasing penetration of renewable energy sources like solar PV and wind, the role of power electronics becomes very critical in microgrid operation. Power electronic converters act as interface between distributed generation, storage systems and loads. In islanded operation, where microgrid is disconnected from utility grid, converters are responsible for maintaining voltage, frequency and power balance. This paper presents a detailed review on role of power electronics in microgrids, different converter topologies, control strategies, energy management and challenges during islanded mode. Various inverter control techniques like droop control, virtual synchronous generator and hierarchical control are discussed. The paper also highlights issues such as stability, power sharing, protection and synchronization.

KEYWORDS: -Microgrid, Islanded mode, Power electronics converters, Droop control, Inverter control, Distributed generation, Energy storage

Abstract

Power quality is one of major concerns in the present era. It has become important especially, with the introduction of sophisticated devices, whose performance is very sensitive to the quality of power supply. One of the major problems dealt here is the voltage sag. To solve this problem, custom power devices are used. One of those devices is dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), which is the most efficient and effective modern custom power device used in power distribution networks.

Keywords: DVR, PWM inverter, injection transformer, voltage sag, harmonic filter, power quality.

Abstract

In order to effectively reduce the hidden trouble of electric window on automobile, many cars now use the electric windows anti-pinch systems. It adds anti-pinch circuit based on the window control module .PIC18F258 microcontroller samples and process the current of electric window motor .The method of combining current amplitude and current integral method is used to determine whether the window encounter obstacles, to achieve anti pinch function. Through several experiments, it shows that the sensor-less anti pinch system has good effects.

Keywords: Anti-pinch; CAN Bus; PIC18F258; Without Sensor; Automotive Electric Window

Abstract

This paper presents a novel control strategy for a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) system to compensate power quality problems at the point of common coupling (PCC) in a distribution system. The proposed control strategy for shunt active filter uses a simple mathematical concept which reduces the complexity in design. Simulation study shows that an UPQC with proposed control algorithm effectively compensates current harmonics, unbalance and reactive power. The performance of UPQC is verified for a system with voltage distortions, sag /swell using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Based on the simulation results obtained, harmonic and power quality analysis has been done.

Keywords: Power quality, Series active filter, Shunt active filter, UPQC

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of an induction motor by using five level diode clamped multilevel inverter. To obtain high quality sinusoidal output voltage with reduced harmonics, multicarrier PWM control scheme is proposed for diode clamped multilevel inverter. An open loop speed control can be achieved by using V/ƒ method. This method can be implemented by change the supply voltage and frequency applied to the three phase induction motor at constant ratio. The proposed system is an effective replacement for the conventional method which produces high switching losses, results in poor drive performance. The simulation results reveal that the proposed circuit effectively controls the motor speed and enhances the drive performance through reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD).

Keywords — Diode clamped multilevel inverter, Induction motor, Multicarrier PWM technique, THD, V/ƒ method.

ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for renewable energy has prompted the widespread adoption of photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems. Efficient integration of these renewable sources into the grid requires advanced power conversion systems capable of handling variable voltage and frequency characteristics. This paper presents a comprehensive review of power converters used in PV and wind energy applications, focusing on grid-connected and standalone systems. Various converter topologies, control strategies, and integration techniques are discussed with emphasis on efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. The paper also highlights emerging trends, challenges, and future research directions in renewable energy conversion technology.

KEYWORDS: Photovoltaic, Wind Energy, Power Converters, Grid Integration, DC-DC Converters, DC-AC Inverters, MPPT, Power Electronics

Abstract

Copper is one of the most employed metals in the manufacturing industries for a variety of applications due to its high electrical and thermal conductivities. This metal has also attracted much interest as a thin and ultrathin film material, which was driven by the increasing demand for nano ranged downscaled electrical, electronic, and magnetic devices Cu thin films with different thicknesses from 50 220 nm have been deposited on glass substrate by DC magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature in pure Ar gas. The thickness effect on the structural, morphological and electrical properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and four point probe (FPP) measurements, respectively. By varying the films thickness the significant changes were observed in the films surface morphology due to the mechanism of films growth. Finally, the relationship between film resistivity and Cu film thickness are investigated in this paper.

Keywords: Copper Thin Films, Electrical Resistivity, X-ray diffraction (XRD),

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of an induction motor by using five level diode clamped multilevel inverter. To obtain high quality sinusoidal output voltage with reduced harmonics, multicarrier PWM control scheme is proposed for diode clamped multilevel inverter. An open loop speed control can be achieved by using V/ƒ method. This method can be implemented by change the supply voltage and frequency applied to the three phase induction motor at constant ratio. The proposed system is an effective replacement for the conventional method which produces high switching losses, results in poor drive performance. The simulation results reveal that the proposed circuit effectively controls the motor speed and enhances the drive performance through reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD).

Keywords: Diode clamped multilevel inverter, Induction motor, Multicarrier PWM technique, THD, V/ƒ method

Abstract

Electronic textiles are distinct from wearable computing because emphasis is placed on the seamless integration of textiles with electronic elements like microcontrollers, sensors, and actuators. In theory, the new technology could boost the reception of our smart phone or tablet. It could also send information to our phone or tablet about our health or athletic. Smart clothing has the potential to provide a very intimate form of interaction with the wearer, as it exists within the wearer’s personal space. The wearable computer apparatus is embedded within non-transparent clothing which provides shielding. Smart textiles will serve as a means of increasing social welfare and they might lead to important savings on welfare budget.

Keywords: Smart clothing, Wearable Electronics, Smart textiles, Microcontrollers

Abstract

Wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, especially silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), are increasingly adopted in electric vehicle (EV) traction inverter systems to improve efficiency, power density, and thermal robustness. Traditional silicon-based inverters suffer from high switching losses and limited thermal tolerance, which constrain EV performance and range. WBG devices overcome these challenges by offering larger bandgap energies, enabling higher blocking voltages, faster switching, and reduced conduction losses. This review paper surveys the progress of WBG inverters specific to EV traction applications, comparing SiC and GaN technologies, exploring challenges in implementation, and outlining future research directions. Several tables and figures are included to illustrate key concepts and device comparisons. The paper concludes that wide-bandgap inverters are rapidly becoming critical enablers for next-generation high-efficiency EV powertrains.

Keywords: Wide-bandgap semiconductors, electric vehicles, traction inverter, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, power electronics.