International Journal of Robotics and Autonomous Systems ISSN: 3107-7382 (Online)

Author : Mohit Ahuja

Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of a DIY autonomous vacuum cleaning robot, aimed at domestic applications. With the rising demand for home automation and smart cleaning technologies, building a low-cost robotic vacuum solution using off-the-shelf components offers an educational and practical project. The proposed robot integrates ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection, an Arduino-based control system, and a vacuum module capable of surface cleaning. The design emphasizes modularity, efficiency, and autonomy, addressing basic path planning, battery efficiency, and object avoidance. The implementation was tested across multiple flooring types and under varied obstacle scenarios, yielding satisfactory results for typical household use. This paper also discusses challenges encountered during development, provides system schematics, and concludes with potential enhancements including IoT integration, AI-based mapping, and solar-powered energy solutions.

Keywords: DIY vacuum robot, home automation, Arduino, obstacle detection, robotic cleaner, ultrasonic sensors.

Authors:-Shaikh Misbah Fatema, Momin Adnan

Abstract:-As robotics is one of the fastest growing engineering fields of today. Robots are designed to remove the human factor from labor intensive or dangerous work and also to act in inaccessible environment where human interface is not possible. In this project we are implementing a robot which is capable of moving inside underground pipes and detecting cable faults and cracks in pipelines. Since the pipe gallery have very high pressure, temperature and toxic gases, which cannot be reached by humans, therefore a robot has been implemented that has a wireless camera, sensors which is used to detect the cable faults or crack and the conditions inside the pipe and it can be also used in oil refineries.

Authors: Harshit Raj, Dr. Smriti Kaur

Abstract: Maze-solving robots represent a vital intersection of robotics, embedded systems, and automation. These autonomous robotic systems are designed to navigate unknown environments by detecting paths, avoiding walls, and making directional decisions without human intervention. The objective of a simple maze solver robot is to provide a cost-effective and educational solution using readily available components such as infrared sensors, microcontrollers, and basic logic algorithms. Such robots can be valuable learning tools in academic institutions and workshops focused on robotics and embedded system design. The core functioning is rooted in path detection via sensor feedback, decision-making algorithms, and real-time adjustments of motor actions. This paper introduces the essential hardware and software components used in the construction of a basic maze solver robot, details the design approach, and outlines the algorithmic steps for navigating mazes using the left-hand or right-hand rule. The introduction and design aspects are discussed in detail, laying the foundation for further understanding of the methodology, future improvements, and real-world applications in the following sections.

Keywords: Maze Solver Robot, Autonomous Navigation, Embedded Systems, IR Sensors, Left-Hand Rule, Right-Hand Rule, Robotics Education

Authors: Rishabh Malhotra, Megha Suresh

Abstract: The convergence of solar energy and robotics has emerged as a powerful solution to the increasing demand for sustainable and intelligent automation. This paper delves into the realm of solar-powered autonomous robots, offering an in-depth analysis of their architecture, functionality, and deployment scenarios. With solar energy being a clean, abundant, and renewable power source, integrating it with mobile robots presents a significant leap toward environmentally conscious design. The study outlines key advancements in photovoltaic technologies, embedded systems, and energy-efficient path planning algorithms that enable prolonged autonomy in off-grid environments. Emphasis is placed on robot applications in agriculture, environmental monitoring, and disaster response—sectors that benefit immensely from low-maintenance, energy-independent robots. In addition to the technical framework, the abstract highlights critical challenges such as solar panel orientation, energy storage limitations, and dependency on weather conditions. The goal of this paper is to review and synthesize current developments, propose methodologies to optimize energy harvesting and consumption, and advocate for the adoption of solar-powered systems as a mainstream robotic solution. 

Keywords: Autonomous Robots, Solar Energy, Photovoltaic Cells, Renewable Robotics, Embedded Systems, Green Technology, Energy Harvesting.

Authors: Dr. Sneha Kulkarni, Ankit Rao

Abstract: Color detection in robotics represents a significant leap in the field of autonomous and semi-autonomous systems, enabling real-time decision-making based on visual data. This paper explores the integration of camera modules, specifically the Pi Camera and OpenCV library, into robotic platforms to identify and respond to colored objects. The ability to detect colors allows robots to interact more intuitively with their environment, opening avenues in automation, sorting, rescue operations, and object tracking. The methodology involves capturing live video feeds, converting frames to HSV color space for efficient segmentation, and defining specific thresholds to isolate target colors. The processed image data is then analyzed by onboard microcontrollers or single-board computers like the Raspberry Pi, triggering robotic actions based on identified hues. Various real-world implementations such as color-based sorting in industrial robotics, traffic signal recognition in autonomous vehicles, and educational bots are presented to underline practical relevance. Performance metrics such as detection accuracy under varying lighting conditions, frame rate, and processing latency are analyzed to evaluate system robustness. This study concludes that color detection using camera modules enhances robotic adaptability and paves the way for more intelligent, vision-enabled machines.

Keywords: Color Detection, Computer Vision, OpenCV, HSV Color Space, Camera Module, Robotics, Raspberry Pi, Object Tracking

Authprs: Dr. Kavita Jindal, Raj Mehra

Abstract : This paper introduces a gesture-controlled robotic system that interprets human hand motions using accelerometers and translates them into robotic movement commands. By detecting directional gestures via a MEMS-based accelerometer (ADXL335), the signals are processed by a microcontroller and transmitted wirelessly to control a robot in real-time. The design leverages Arduino as the processing core, combined with RF modules for wireless communication. Applications span healthcare assistance, military reconnaissance, and user-friendly human-machine interfaces. A comprehensive evaluation compares system responsiveness, accuracy, and gesture detection reliability, highlighting both the potential and current limitations of this intuitive control methodology.

Keywords: Gesture Control, Accelerometer, Arduino, ADXL335, Wireless Robot, MEMS, RF Communication

Authors: Dr. Shruti Malhotra, Ankit Sinha

Abstract: Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control is widely used in mobile robotics for precise and adaptive motion control. This paper presents the fundamentals of PID control and its application to line-following mobile robots. We explore the role of each component (P, I, D), the tuning process, and real-time implementation using microcontrollers such as Arduino. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of PID over simple on-off or proportional-only control. The use of PID enhances robot stability, smoothness, and error correction. This paper also compares performance across different tuning values and evaluates performance in various track conditions.

Keywords: PID Control, Mobile Robot, Line Following, Arduino, Motion Control, Tuning, Embedded Systems

Authors: Dr. Neeraj Awasthi, Sneha Raj

Abstract: This paper explores the design and implementation of a remote-controlled robot using RF modules for wireless communication. The system is built on an Arduino platform and incorporates RF transmitter-receiver pairs, motor drivers, and DC motors. The robot is capable of executing user commands in real-time through radio frequency (RF) communication without line-of-sight dependency. This paper elaborates on the working principle, component integration, circuit design, and performance evaluation of the RF-based robotic system. The robot demonstrates reliable command execution within a typical range of 100 meters, making it suitable for remote surveillance, hazardous environment operations, and educational projects.

Keywords: RF Module, Remote Control, Wireless Communication, Arduino, Motor Driver, Robotic

Author: Rahul Deshmukh, Aditi Chauhan

Abstract: This paper presents the development of a cost-effective Arduino-based wall- following robot capable of navigating enclosed environments autonomously. The design incorporates ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement, servo motors for movement control, and the Arduino Uno as the central processing unit. We detail the design principles, electronic circuitry, programming logic, and sensor calibration necessary for wall-following algorithms. The robot demonstrates stable navigation along walls and avoids obstacles dynamically. The system is ideal for applications in surveillance, automated inspection, and educational robotics. The simplicity, modularity, and affordability make it an excellent prototype for real-world deployment and academic experimentation.

Keywords: Arduino, Wall Following, Ultrasonic Sensor, Obstacle Avoidance, Mobile Robot, Automation

Author: Nikhil Sharma, Priya Verma

Abstract: This paper presents an in-depth study on the utilization of Infrared (IR) sensors for object detection across various applications. IR sensors are known for their low cost, simple integration, and effectiveness in different environments. This study explores the underlying principles of IR sensors, their classification, design considerations, real-world implementations, and limitations. We discuss active and passive IR sensors, signal processing, and the integration of IR-based object detection systems in robotics, automated vehicles, and security systems. The results demonstrate that IR sensors, when calibrated and deployed effectively, provide reliable and efficient object detection solutions in both indoor and outdoor settings.

Keywords: IR Sensor, Object Detection, Infrared Technology, Automation, Robotics, Sensing System

Authors:-K. V. Jyothi Prakash

Abstract:-A library is a collection of information resources and provides invaluable services to its users for reference and borrowing of books and documents. As the library grows in size, the problem associated with the maintenance of the books also grows. Searching a book in the library manually is a tedious process and if there is any misplacement of the book either intentionally or unintentionally then it consumes more time and more effort to search the book. To overcome this problem an attempt is made to introduce automation of library for fast searching of books and to pick or place the book in a particular rack. A robot with an arm is developed which is able to find the book at particular position and then pick or place in a particular rack in the library.

Authors:-G. Theivanathan*, Pratikhya Panda

Abstract:- The Internet has emerged as a key network to make information accessible quickly and easily, revolutionizing how people communicate and interact with the world. The information accessible on the Internet about a given subject may be extensive, allowing the development of new solutions to solve people's day-to-day problems. One such solution is the proposal of virtual home robot, which are software agents that can assist people in many of their daily activities. These robots are capable of accessing information from databases to guide people through different tasks, deploying a learning mechanism to acquire new information on user performance. These can improve the assistance they offer to users by collecting information autonomously from objects that are available in the surrounding environment. To make this idea feasible, these robots could be integrated into ubiquitous computing environments in an Internet of Things (IoT) context. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate wireless sensor networks with the Internet properly, considering many factors, such as the heterogeneity of objects and the diversity of communication protocols and enabling technologies. This approach fulfills the IoT vision. This paper surveys the current state of the art of IoT protocols, virtual AI robots in general, and virtual AI robots based on IoTs.

Authors: Aditya R. Verma, Meghana K. Joshi

Abstract: In the ever-evolving field of robotics and automation, surveillance technology has taken a significant leap with the integration of wireless systems and embedded cameras. This paper presents a detailed study on the design and development of a Wireless Surveillance Robot using a Wi-Fi-enabled camera. The robot is engineered to traverse remote environments while transmitting live video feedback to a control station, enhancing monitoring capabilities in areas that may be inaccessible or hazardous for humans. Such systems are crucial for military reconnaissance, disaster zone exploration, and industrial site inspection. The abstract elaborates on the robot’s hardware architecture, software interfaces, and communication protocols. The inclusion of Wi-Fi connectivity provides high-speed, long-distance transmission without the limitations imposed by traditional RF modules. The robot utilizes a microcontroller (ESP32 or Raspberry Pi), motor drivers, IP camera modules, and mobile/PC integration for teleoperation. Challenges such as signal latency, battery life, obstacle navigation, and real-time image processing are discussed. The findings underscore the viability and flexibility of deploying autonomous or semi-autonomous robotic platforms in dynamic field applications. This research contributes to the increasing adoption of smart surveillance robots in various sectors.

Keywords: Wireless surveillance, camera robot, Wi-Fi module, real-time monitoring, ESP32, teleoperation, remote access, mobile robot.

Authors: Rohit Malhotra, Sanya Tripathi

Abstract: Autonomous robots have revolutionized the field of automation and artificial intelligence, with sensors playing a pivotal role in enhancing their decision-making capabilities, accuracy, and adaptability. Sensors enable robots to interact with their environment in real-time, facilitating navigation, obstacle detection, and task execution. This paper explores the critical functions of various sensors—including ultrasonic, infrared, LiDAR, IMU, and vision sensors—used in autonomous systems. It emphasizes how sensor fusion and AI integration are enabling smarter, more context-aware robots capable of performing complex operations with minimal human intervention. Through analysis of real-world applications, this paper highlights the importance of selecting and calibrating sensors based on task-specific requirements.

Author: Rohan Malhotra

Abstract: Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized the domain of autonomous robotics by enabling precise navigation in both outdoor and partially indoor environments. This paper explores how GPS integrates with robotic systems to provide real-time location tracking, path planning, and autonomous mobility. Through detailed analysis of satellite-based navigation, differential GPS, and hybrid sensor integration, the study investigates the techniques by which robots interpret GPS data and make autonomous decisions in complex environments. The role of GPS in agricultural bots, delivery drones, and exploration rovers is discussed in depth, along with limitations such as signal obstructions and accuracy challenges in urban canyons or dense forests. Additionally, this paper outlines strategies like GPS-IMU fusion and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) to overcome these challenges. With growing reliance on mobile robots in daily life and industrial processes, understanding GPS-based navigation is critical for advancing robotics applications.

Keywords: GPS, autonomous robots, localization, navigation, differential GPS, satellite systems, robotics path planning.

Authors: Dr. Aayush Sharma, Ritika Mehra

Abstract: Humanoid robots represent a significant leap in the intersection of robotics, artificial intelligence, and mechanical design. These robots, engineered to resemble and mimic the human body and its functionalities, serve in diverse fields such as healthcare, education, customer service, research, and entertainment. The evolution of humanoid robots has transitioned from mere mechanical constructs to highly responsive and adaptive systems capable of human-like interaction. This paper presents a foundational overview of humanoid robots, emphasizing their structural composition, core technologies, functional dynamics, and real-world implementations. It also explores the ethical considerations, engineering challenges, and future scope of humanoid robotics in an increasingly automated world. Through a comprehensive study of existing literature and global advancements, this paper highlights the multifaceted role that humanoid robots are poised to play in the near future. The introduction provided herein sets the stage for a deeper investigation into the technical frameworks, design methodologies, control systems, and practical integrations of these human-inspired machines.

Keywords: Humanoid Robots, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Human-Machine Interaction, Robot Design, Bipedal Locomotion, Sensors, Actuators

Authors: Tajamul Pasha, Rakesh M, Suvarna Kartik Shashidar, Tanmay H Mudugal,  Ujjwal Kumar, VishwanathPatil

Abstract:Design and fabrication of base stand for a flat belt conveyor system and to control the speed of the system of the conveyor system which is done by integrating the conveyor system with Arduino and motor driver which is controlled by mobile app through Bluetooth module. Dynamic analysis of load acting on the base stand is done in order to make the whole system stable.

Author: Mohit Ahuja

Abstract : The existing pick and place robots are used toper form pick and place the components on the assembly line. These components are similar in their shape and size. In this project we designed pick and place robot to handle a different shape and size and also irregular objects. The existing design had more numbers of actuators and mechanisms are used to perform the pick and place operation. Hence it’s become so expensive. In our design consist of four pneumatic actuators and single rack and pinion mechanism, within this we can able to achieve the existing results. While comparing to the existing robot cost, it is very less. Finally our pick and place robot can able to perform the pick and place the irregular components on 260o within the workspace.

Keywords: Rack & pinion mechanism; Pneumatic arm; Pick and place robot

Authors: Baskaran Sa, Ramesh Kumar Tb, Karrthik R Sc

Abstract: Robotics is the confluence of engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science also it is no more an emerging field as it has evolved so much in the last 10 years and it is nearing an apex point .It is an ever growing field and many avenues have opened up in recent past. The promise of robotics is easy to describe but hard for the mind to grasp. A robot is a mechanical or virtual intelligent agent that can perform tasks automatically or with guidance, typically by remote control. In practice a robot is usually an electromechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. Robots hold the promise of moving and transforming materials with the same ease as a computer program transforms data. But the grey spot remains wide when it comes to Research awareness in the field of Robotics and Automation. Sooner or later Robotics and automation will find its application in every facet of human life. The advancement in technology would bring a day of robots omnipresence. They will soon sneak everywhere from gadgets to apparels and to our very own bodies. Hence it is the responsibility of engineering community to disseminate the knowledge about the future scope and application of Robotics.

Authors: Baskaran S, Karthik Raja M

Abstract: Two wheeled balancing robots are an area of research that may well provide the future locomotion for everyday robots. The unique stability control that is required to keep the robot upright differentiates it from traditional forms of robotics. The inverted pendulum principle provides the mathematical modelling of the naturally unstable system. This is then utilized to develop and implement a suitable stability control system that is responsive, timely and successful in achieving this objective. Completing the design and development phase of the robot requires careful consideration of all aspects including operating conditions, materials, hardware, sensors and software. This process provides the ongoing opportunity of implementing continued improvements to its perceived operation whilst also ensuring that obvious problems and potential faults are removed before construction. The construction phase entails the manufacture and assembly of the robots circuits, hardware and chassis with the software and programming aspects then implemented. The later concludes the robots production where the final maintenance considerations can be determined. These are essential for ensuring the robots continued serviceability.

Authors: Chavan Sahil Rajan, Dr. L Arulmani, Arjun Dileep, Gajendra S R

Abstract: This experimental investigation pertains to design the prototype model of internal pipeline defects detector. The structural and working conditions of an underground pipeline need to be checked and rectify. The experimental design is to ensure the safety and long running of these underground pipelines. The most important issue faced in defect detection is the space constraint for accessibility. The prime focus is to overcome this constraint by designing and fabricating a robot. This robot will inspect the pipeline by navigating internally while being accessed wirelessly by a system. To achieve this navigation through the internal network pipeline, a prototype needs to designed and fabricated.

Author: Pawan Kataria

Abstract: The existing pick and place robots are used toper form pick and place the components on the assembly line. These components are similar in their shape and size. In this project we designed pick and place robot to handle a different shape and size and also irregular objects. The existing design had more numbers of actuators and mechanisms are used to perform the pick and place operation. Hence it’s become so expensive. In our design consist of four pneumatic actuators and single rack and pinion mechanism, within this we can able to achieve the existing results. While comparing to the existing robot cost, it is very less. Finally our pick and place robot can able to perform the pick and place the irregular components on 260o within the workspace.

Authors: Dr. Ananya Rao, Ritvik Sharma

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly becoming a crucial part of Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), particularly in the domain of tool path optimization. Tool path generation is a core function in CAM software, determining the efficiency, accuracy, and productivity of machining processes. Traditional tool path generation methods rely on heuristic or deterministic algorithms, which often fall short in handling complex geometries or multi-objective criteria. AI techniques such as machine learning, genetic algorithms, and neural networks enable dynamic, adaptive, and intelligent tool path planning, leading to improved surface finish, reduced machining time, and lower tool wear. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the application of AI in tool path optimization, highlighting key methods, advantages, and challenges. Furthermore, the paper explores real-world implementations and the future potential of integrating AI with CAM systems for intelligent manufacturing. </div>

Keywords: CAM, Lean Manufacturing, Robotics, Smart Factory, Automation, Industry 4.0, Integration, Interoperability

Authors: Kiran B. Salunkhe, Mithil Khadye, Mohit Chaudhari

Abstract: Ever since man has started use of modern methods of farming there was always a problem of doing water irrigation simple and less time consuming as well as effortless. Efforts are taken to solve this problem movable water reel sprinkler irrigation is a simple method used now a days. It assist growing of crops, maintaining landscapes and re-vegetation of disturbed soil in dry areas. The main aim of our project is to reduce the efforts required for irrigating on large acre of land. In low lying areas where there is water shortage drip irrigation cannot be incorporated for irrigation purpose. As a result the farmers in these areas make use of flexible pipes which can be connected and disconnected this increases the cost associated with labour and is also a time consuming process.Other problems like ground furrows causes wastage of water this may lead to soil erosion. The initial and operation cost of drip irrigation is slightly expensive. In case of chocking of this pipes entire pipe has to be inspected this increases the maintenance cost. This movable water reel sprinkler irrigation system is a step towards solving the above mentioned problems .This systemwhich works on principle of pressurizing water and sprinkling through separate attachment of sprinkler. With help of this water sprinkling as well as fertilizing will be more easy and done with negligible efforts.

Authors: Kaivan Jadawala, Zalak Trivedi, Seema Mahajan

Abstract: This review paper examines the new technology of Holographic Projections. It highlights the importance and need of this technology and how it represents the new wave in the future of technology and communications, the different application of the technology, the fields of life it will dramatically affect including business, education, telecommunication and health.