International Journal of Robotics and Autonomous Systems ISSN: 3107-7382 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Akhlesh Srivastava, Atul Rai, Dheeraj Kumar

Abstract: This article presents a climbing robot concept inspired by the Trek-o-bot model and the Trek-o-bot vacuum motor technology for climbing walls. For theoretically building a climbing robot based on a current literature review. The suggested technique is shown using a case study of ongoing research at Southborough University, the exploration of an adaptive and energetically autonomous climbing robot. With an extra connection provided to the robot for cleaning.

Keywords: Concept of Climbing of robot, Modification to Wall Cleaner.

Author: Rasel Hossain

Abstract: Robotics can be both a success story and a frustration story. The twenty-first century is the century of robotics [1]. Robots have been carrying new possibilities for a long time. The role of robots in every aspect of life is increasingly important in society, with medicines and healthcare, building services, manufacturing, including food, manufacturing, supply, and transportation collaborating. Robotics is a key technology in the modern world; robots now play an important role in every field of science, from medical science to robots working in every branch of science. The robot is doing perfect and complex work very easily without any kind of damage. In today's world, robots have become the main mantra of human cooperation.

Keywords: Robotics, Human Cooperation, Manufacturing, Transportation Collaborating.

Author: Deepak Malhotra

Abstract:This study shows an enhanced leg module built for HRP-2, a new humanoid robots platform developed during phase two of the Humanoid Robotics Project (HRP), a three year initiative financed by Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (MET/) from J 998FY to 2002FY. HRP-1, the humanoid robotics platform created in phase I of HRP, will have its biped locomotion abilities upgraded so that HRP-2 can cope with harsh terrains and avoid any injury to the robot's body caused by tipping over. The mechanics and specifications of the leg module, the electrical system, and the modelling results used to decide specifications, and some experiment findings are described in this work.

Keywords: Humanoid Robot, Advance Leg Module, HRP-2

Authors: Dr. Narendra Rathore, Krishna Mishra, Arun Sharma

Abstract: Because of the challenges that traditional robotics based on rigid connections confront in many applications, soft materials are increasingly being used in robotics. A soft body brings up hitherto unexplored robotics possibilities, which are now difficult to exploit yet are a source of rich behaviours. To attain this aim, new soft mechatronics concepts, particularly soft actuation concepts, are necessary. Despite the fact that numerous steps must be taken, they are already demonstrating the potential for a dramatic technological shift in a variety of application sectors.

Keywords: Soft robotics, Soft manipulators, Soft actuators

Authors: Avinash Sinha, Abhishek Verma

Abstract: Describes the present state of educational robotics "the state of the art," its idea, evolution, and opportunity niches in academia and business, as well as the role of education and academic outreach. It demonstrates that the development of high-tech automated educational resources influences the teaching-learning process and that machine-human contact is a reality.

Keywords: Education, educational constructivism, innovation, robots, technology, robotics.

Authors: Ravi Kumar, Shiv Shankar Prasad

Abstract: This paper is concerned with a methodology for gathering user requirements (URs) to inform a later design process of industrial collaborative robots. The methodology is applied to four use cases from Collaborate, which is a European project focusing on how industrial robots learn to cooperate with human workers in performing new manufacturing tasks. The project follows a User-Centered Design (UCD) approach by involving end-users in the development process. The user requirements (URs) are gathered using a mixed methodology, with the purpose of formulating a list of case specific requirements, which can be also generalized. The results presented in this paper consist of the list of user requirements, which will serve as a basis in establishing scenarios and system requirements for later design of a Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) system. The described methodology contributes to the field of design of HRC systems by taking a UCD approach. The methodology is aimed at improving the solution performance and users’ acceptance of the technology, by early involvement of the users in the design process. It can also be adaptable to other development projects, where users play an essential role in creating Human-Robot Collaboration solutions.

Keywords: Collaborative Robots, Human-Robot, User-Centered Design UCD

Authors:- K. Vijaylakshmi, Maruti

Abstract:- This study develops an immersive and intuitive holographic display learning assistance system with subtle control system that combines 3D holographic display technology with hand- gesture detection technology. The system is intended to help nurses in an educational and instructional capacity. The scanning of a medical instructional model into a 3D digital model is the first step in the process. In order to provide an immersive and intriguing user experience, numerous views of a 3D digital model are created to 3D picture for holographic projection. A hand-gesture recognition system is incorporated to control the 3D holographic picture. This enables people to engage with the holographic display by employing intuitive hand movements to modify, resize, shift, and switch the pictures. The suggested method increases learning in an effective and intuitive manner while also providing the user with an immersive and comprehensive viewpoint. In addition, the proposed approach may be applied in other professional domains to gain a more in-depth grasp of the subject.

Keywords:-3D image, Hand Gesture Recognition, Holographic Projection Technology.

Author: Dr. Ananya Sharma, Rahul Mehta

Abstract: Green energy harvesting techniques represent a transformative approach in addressing the growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy resources. With the depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing threat of climate change, the development of efficient harvesting mechanisms such as solar, wind, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and bio-energy technologies has become crucial. This paper presents an in-depth review of the major green energy harvesting techniques, their working principles, advantages, limitations, and potential applications in modern infrastructure. The emphasis is placed on integration of these technologies into smart systems to ensure energy efficiency, economic viability, and environmental sustainability.

Keywords: Green Energy, Piezoelectricity, Sustainability

Author: Shivanya Gupta, Kajal Bhandari

Abstract: The paper describes VIPRo, a versatile, intelligent portable robot platform that entails creating intelligent control interfaces using advanced control techniques adapted to the robot environment, such as Robot Neutrosophic Control (RNC), Robot Extenics Control (eHFPC), Robot Haptic Control (RHC), and human adaptive mechatronics, all of which are implemented using high-speed processing IT&C techniques and real-time communication for large amounts of processing data.

 Through depiction of intelligent mobile robots in a 3D virtual environment utilising VIP-F2Ro with robotic strong simulator, an open architecture system, and adaptive networks over the robot's classical control system, an unique virtual projection approach is used to SMOOTH firefighting robots.

Keywords: Robot simulation, VIPRO platform , Reference generation, Graphical user interface

Author: Ruby Khan, Shenaz Khan

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate several aspects of robotic surgery. The history of robotic surgery, types of robots, and types of surgery done, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of robotic surgery, are all discussed throughout the article. Surgical robots are relatively new technology that has a lot of potential. Robotic surgery is the newest innovation and technology in surgery and it's getting a lot of attention right now. The market and the extent of their rising and developing uses are now driving the requirements for creating and purchasing robotic devices.

Keywords: Robotics, Arduino, Self-decisioning robot, Artificial Intelligence, Edge Detection, Ultrasonic Sensor, Obstacle Avoidance

Author: Dr. Muhammad Masroor Ali, Mohammad Mahfuzul       Islam

Abstract:Because the purpose of an autonomous robot is to arrive at its destination without colliding with anything, obstacle avoidance is a significant difficulty in robotics. One type of autonomous robot is a real-time obstacle avoidance edge detection robot, which can identify obstacles and edges and take other routes that are free of them. This study shows a robotic robot with built-in intelligence that directs itself using a bug algorithm if it finds an impediment. This robotic robot is built with the AT Mega 8 series of microcontrollers (Arduino Uno R3). The ultrasonic sensor detects any barrier with edges and sends an instruction to the microcontroller. The microprocessor informs the robot to push in a different direction based on the received input signal by activating the motors attached to it via a motor driver. Depending on the situation, the robot may select the appropriate course of action. Here, an obstacle avoidance edge detection decision-making process occurs on its own. This robot was designed to think about what it could do on a daily basis.

Keywords: Robotics, Arduino, Self-decisioning robot, Artificial Intelligence, Edge Detection, Ultrasonic Sensor, Obstacle Avoidance

Authors: H.S.Bhore, Aniket Kadam, Shripad Nikam, Digvijay Nerlekar, Shubham Mane, Shreyas Shinde, Srinivas Nikam, Sourav Desai,  Nikhil Potekar

Abstract: The fire fighting occupation has a long history of dangerous situations. There has been numerous and devastating human losses due to lack in technological advancements. In daily life, fire hazards have become more common and it becomes the responsibility of fire fighters to overcome any difficulties and extinguish fires protecting the human life and other possible losses. But they are often exposed to higher risks while performing fire extinguishing operations, especially in hazardous environments such as in nuclear power plants and petroleum refineries. With the development in the field of robotics, human intrusion has become less and robots are being widely used in order to overcome difficulties faced by firemen. This is one of the reasons for which robots are used instead of humans to handle fire hazards. Therefore, this paper presents the event of a firefighting robot which will extinguish fire without the necessity for fire fighters to be exposed to unnecessary danger. In this project, we are developing a robot which can also be used on domestic levels for fire extinguishing operations. This robot is compact in size and may be wont to extinguish fires reaching the impacted areas through narrow pathways. It works on wireless technology using radio frequency transmitter and receiver to control the fire extinguishing operations.

Keywords: Fire fighting robot, compact size, wireless robot, RF controlled transmission

Authors: Pankaj Shende, Pooja Pathade, Tushar Patil

Abstract: This research focuses on a surveillance mission carried out in an environment by an autonomous mobile robot. The Robert is intended to discover as many invaders as possible during its operation, thanks to its versatility and monitoring capabilities. However, because the robot does not know where and how many environmental intruders are present, it is hard for the robot to estimate an intrusion pattern or discover unknown intruders without the data. This paper addresses the problem of estimating the robot's incursion trend by presenting a novel surveillance strategy. Bayes' rule is primarily utilised for this purpose. This probabilistic technique enables the robot to express invaders based on their probability and frequency of occurrence. In addition to smaller locations, the robot is primarily capable of monitoring places with an infiltration tendency. The efficiency of the proposed strategy for unknown intrusions is demonstrated through simulation studies. Furthermore, the robot's adaptability to various types of infiltration trends is examined using a probabilistic technique.

Keywords: Robot, Surveillance, Bayes’ rule, Intruders, PIR sensor

Authors: S. Mallikraj, V Gopal

Abstract: Gesture reproduction on a robotic hand offers a wide range of applications in a variety of sectors. It's also discovered that it's commonly employed in educational settings. If you're searching for a more regular technique to give an interactive form, gesture control is a good option. Physical devices have long been a popular mode of communication. Different modes, operating schemas, and degrees of freedom can be used to create a human hand replica. A few of the most important models are explored and analysed in order to have a better understanding of how they work. Image input can be utilised to make operations easier. In order to hand the system, this input must be captured and processed. Some of the gesture recognition methods were investigated in conjunction with these robotic hands for future applications.

Keywords: Robotics sector, Gesture communication, Robotic hand

Authors: Mahima Tyagi, Karan Sharma, Rupali Patil

Abstract: The key challenges of a four-legged field robot are leg mechanism, leg and body motion control. As a result, this paper discusses the leg-making process and motion control of a four-legged robot. Many obstacles arise with the construction of a four-legged field robot. The problems in building the robot were also discussed in this paper. Many mathematical methods for smooth control of linear and nonlinear motion of dynamic systems were introduced in the twentieth century. Sensors, actuators, and control algorithms are frequently employed in the construction of field, aerial, and underwater robots. Wheeled robots are the most frequent type of field robot because, in comparison to aerial and underwater robots, they are easier to manage. Wheeled robots, on the other hand, have a number of drawbacks, including the inability to navigate stairwells and difficult terrain. As a result, a four-legged robot is constructed in this work to address these issues. Many challenges arise during the building of a four-legged robot, including suitable electric motor selection, leg mechanism and motion control, and synchronisation of movement of four legs for steady robot movements.

Keywords: Four-legged robot, Leg Mechanism, Microcontroller board, Robot movements

Author: Himashu Joshi

Abstract: With a 5DOF robotic arm and a linear actuation mechanism, an autonomous robot can identify mature nutmeg fruits and pick them from any height. The camera analyses real-time video of the tree to identify mature fruits and their coordinates. A Raspberry Pi 3 model is used to control this action. The OpenCV platform is used to process the image. This information is sent to an Arduino UNO board, which controls the robotic arm's movement. The required inverse kinematics algorithms are then executed on the arduino board, which moves the joints at proper angles to achieve the goal location. The fruit is then plucked and placed into a container attached to the robot using a gripper end-effector. The robotic arm platform travels to a greater height on its own once the fruits at a specific height level are entirely plucked, thanks to a linear actuator mounted at the bottom. The robot just reaches for the fruit because it is set at a certain distance from the tree's trunk.

Keywords: Nutmeg harvesting, computer vision, Robotic arm, OpenCV platform

Authors: Sumit Sharma, Shivam Sharma, Shreya Gupta, Singh Nandkishor, Udesh Singh

Abstract: A pipe inspection robot is device that is inserted into pipes to check for obstruction or damage. These robots are traditionally manufactured offshore, are extremely expensive, and are often not adequately supported in the event or malfunction. This had resulted in associated environmental services limited. A New Zealand utilize of this equipment, facing significant periods of down time as they wait for their robots to be the repaired. Recently, they were informing that several robots were no longer supported. This project was conceived to redesign the electronics control systems one of these PIR, utilizing the existing mechanical platform.  Requirements for the robot were that it must operate reliably in confined, dark and wet environments and provides a human wears with a digital video feed of the internal status of the pipes. There robot should as much as possible incorporate off the shaft components, cheap, and potentially onsite repair. This project details the redesign and constructions of such robots.

Keywords: - Inspection robots, Compression Spring, Mechanism, Actuators, Transmitter

Author: Amitav Sengupta, Riya Mehra

Abstract: Path planning is a critical component in autonomous robotic navigation, enabling robots to determine an efficient route from their current position to a designated goal. This paper explores the core principles and practical applications of simple path planning algorithms, including Dijkstra’s algorithm, A* (A-star), and the Bug algorithm. By comparing their computational requirements, path efficiency, and suitability for different environments, this paper provides a foundational guide for students, researchers, and developers entering the field of mobile robotics. Emphasis is placed on simplicity, computational efficiency, and adaptability to real-time robotic systems with limited hardware resources.

Keywords: Path Planning, Robotics, Dijkstra, A*, Bug Algorithm, Autonomous Navigation

Author: Amit Verma, Sneha Roy

Abstract: Voice-controlled robots are emerging as a revolutionary tool in human- machine interaction. This paper discusses the development and design of a voice-controlled robot built using the Arduino platform. By employing voice recognition modules and motor drivers, the robot can perform motion-based commands such as forward, backward, left, right, and stop. The system utilizes Bluetooth communication between a smartphone and the Arduino board, providing an intuitive and wireless way of control. The study highlights the components, circuit design, algorithm, and advantages of this low-cost system with potential applications in assistance for physically challenged individuals and automation.

Keywords: Voice Recognition, Arduino UNO, Bluetooth Module, Motor Driver, Embedded Systems, Automation

Author: Shivam Mehra, Priya Kulkarni

Abstract: Bluetooth-controlled robot cars are an excellent example of integrating communication technology with embedded systems for real-world applications. This paper explores the conceptual design, architecture, and working principles behind a robot car that is controlled via a Bluetooth- enabled smartphone. Components such as microcontrollers, motor drivers, and Bluetooth modules are examined in detail. Implementation methodology, challenges faced, and test results are also presented. This design is an ideal entry-level project for engineering students and robotics enthusiasts aiming to understand wireless robotic control.

Keywords: Bluetooth, Robot Car, Microcontroller, HC-05, Embedded Systems, Wireless Communication

Author: Department

Abstract: The emergence of autonomous delivery robots (ADRs) has transformed last- mile logistics by introducing intelligent, unmanned systems capable of delivering goods with minimal human intervention. This paper presents an overview of ADRs, highlighting their architecture, sensing technologies, navigation systems, operational challenges, and societal impacts. It explores various hardware and software components that enable real-time decision-making and obstacle avoidance. The paper also discusses current implementations, legal implications, and future trends of ADRs in urban and rural settings. Through structured insights and comparative analysis, this study emphasizes the potential of ADRs in redefining transportation efficiency and consumer convenience.

Keywords: Autonomous Delivery Robots, Last-Mile Delivery, Robotics, Sensors, Urban Mobility

Authors : Aryan Singh, Meera Nair

Abstract: This paper discusses the role of ultrasonic sensors in simple navigation systems, highlighting their cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability in object detection and distance measurement. These sensors operate on the principle of sound wave reflection, making them suitable for obstacle avoidance in robotics and automated systems. The paper provides insight into the working mechanism, applications, advantages, and limitations of ultrasonic sensors in basic navigation systems, supported by tables and examples.

Keywords: Ultrasonic Sensor, Navigation System, Obstacle Avoidance, Robotics, Distance Measurement

Author : Rohit Verma

Abstract : Obstacle avoidance is a fundamental capability in autonomous mobile robots that enables them to navigate safely through environments without collisions. This paper explores various obstacle avoidance techniques employed in mobile robotics, including reactive methods such as the Bug Algorithm and Artificial Potential Fields, as well as deliberative approaches like the Vector Field Histogram and Dynamic Window Approach. The strengths, limitations, and applicability of each technique are examined through comparative analysis. Modern techniques integrating sensor fusion and machine learning are also discussed. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview that aids in selecting the most suitable obstacle avoidance strategies for different robotic applications.

Keywords: Obstacle Avoidance, Mobile Robots, Path Planning, Sensors, AI in Robotics

Author: Amitesh Rawal, Sneha Krishnan

Abstract : The field of swarm robotics and multi-agent systems has seen significant growth due to their vast applications in exploration, surveillance, environmental monitoring, and collaborative manufacturing. These systems, inspired by biological phenomena such as ant colonies and bird flocking, rely on local interaction rules and decentralized decision-making. Swarm robotics emphasizes scalability, fault tolerance, and collective behavior, while multi-agent systems focus on agents' coordination and goal fulfillment. This paper explores the architecture, communication strategies, real-world applications, benefits, and challenges associated with these technologies. Emphasis is given to key enabling technologies including artificial intelligence, wireless communication, and sensor networks. Tables and case studies illustrate how swarm behavior is implemented in current research. This review provides insights into future trends and integration potentials in dynamic, complex environments.

Keywords: Swarm Robotics, Multi-Agent Systems, Decentralized Control, Artificial Intelligence, UAV, Communication Protocols

Author: Dr. Kavya R. Iyer , Rahul M. Sharma

Abstract: The growing demand for smart homes has led to the integration of automation technologies with robotics. Bluetooth-based home automation systems provide a cost-effective and user-friendly solution to monitor and control various appliances using mobile devices. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Bluetooth-based home automation system operated by a mobile-controlled robot. The proposed system allows users to manage lighting, fans, security, and other household devices seamlessly through a dedicated application. Utilizing microcontrollers, relays, and Bluetooth modules, the robot communicates with and controls appliances wirelessly. This design emphasizes low-cost deployment, scalability, and ease of use, making it ideal for both urban and rural households. The automation system enhances home security, energy efficiency, and comfort while paving the way for advanced AI integration. Experimental results demonstrate reliable communication and efficient control with minimal latency. The paper also explores potential improvements such as voice control and IoT integration to make the system more adaptive and intelligent.

Keywords: Home Automation, Bluetooth, Robots, Wireless Control, Smart Homes, Embedded System.