Journal of Research in VLSI Design Tools and Technology ISSN: 3139-2016 (Online)

Authors: Dipali Wankhade, Nikita Kalaskar

Abstract: Business gas leakage and home LPG gas leakage stays a disastrous threaten to the society. There have been many attempts at fixing this hassle but has only restricted fulfillment. Such existing gadget is in particular liable to be suitable handiest for unmarried individual home application; this in flip leads us to expand this assignment for multilevel gasoline pipeline system. Hence the project titled on “Embedding Actual Time Multilevel Gas Leakage Manage Gadget”, may be used for the prevention of leakage threatening over multilevel pipeline machine. This task consists of the detection of fuel leakage using sensors placed at regular durations and gasoline leakage block is carried out through enforcing solenoid valve to prevent the gasoline passage through the pipeline to keep away from greater leakage. Right right here in a couple of solenoids are located at various stages of the pipeline device, thereby creating an aversion or shutdown to the affected pipeline; while making the opportunity customers pipelining stages to have their private advantages without shutdown. This can be one of the first-rate gasoline leakage detection and prevention tool in multilevel pipeline. Further to computerized shutdown of fuel flow of a unmarried person pipeline in a multilevel primarily based totally machine, an alert message might be despatched to the patron and additionally to gasoline helpline huge range ‘1906’ through GSM module supplied along facet a SIM card of any community companies. As the success of the task is been established the use of Arduino mega processor, an instantaneous response for multilevel usage and most performance is achieved.

Keywords: Gas sensor, GSM, Arduino mega microcontroller, Buzzer, Solenoid valve, Multilevel Pipeline

Author:-Rikita Gohil , Mohan Khambalkar 

Abstract:-Paper is based on need of developing an electronic device that can translate sign language into speech in order to make the communication possible between the mute communities with general public. Mute people can use the gloves to perform figure movement and it will be converted into speech so that normal people can understand their need. Some of the people are not able to speak, they communicate with others using the motion of their hand but they find difficulty in communication with others who cannot understand sign language. So we are solving this problem with the help of smart gloves which can give communication between voiceless to voice people. This paper shows flex sensor based module to recognize English alphabet and few words and text to speech synthesizer

Keywords:  Flex sensors, Gloves, PIC Microcontroller, Bluetooth module, LCD Display.

Authors:-Dr. K. Vikram, Akshay Saraf 

Abstract:-CMOS technology feature size and threshold voltage have been scaling down for decades for achieving high integration density and high performance. The continuing decrease in the aspect ratio and the corresponding increases in chip density and operating frequency have made power consumption a major concern in VLSI design. This paper provides the outline structures of Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) for low power dissipation with 6T AND 8T SRAM. The reason for attaining low power in the SRAM is by reducing the voltage at output node. The memory block of 4 BIT using 8T designed by 90nm technology with supply voltage of 1.2V. It is implemented by using synopsys tool using custom compiler.

Keywords: Cmos, Sram, Sense Amplifire, Decoder

Authors:-G.Ramalakshmi , P.Sridevi

Abstract:-This paper describes the design of 2x1, 4x1 EU Slot Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays operating at 4.9 GHz for C Band, Ku Band Applications. The design and development focuses on different types of antennas such as rectangular, circular micro strip patch antennas with different feeding techniques like edge feed technique and coaxial feed technique. Microstrip patch antennas have distinct advantages include better performance, low cost, ease of installation and specially being low profile with conformed characteristics. The patch antennas have certain draw backs like very narrow bandwidth, limited beam steering which make it difficult to control the radiation pattern with single element. High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) is used to simulate the proposed antenna. The parallel feed technique is used to feed the patch elements and are feed in parallel with the dimensions .EU slots has been embedded in the basic patch antenna to possess multiband and broad band characteristics.

Keywords: Microstrip, High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) 

Authors: Anand Tiwari,  Retesh Pandey

Abstract: Recent advances in artificial intelligence have seen the emergence of foundation models—large-scale, pre-trained neural networks capable of generalizing across multiple domains. In electronic design automation (EDA) and circuit design, these models offer transformative potential in circuit representation, analysis, and prediction. This paper provides a comprehensive review of foundation models applied to circuit design, highlighting their methodologies, capabilities, and challenges. We explore techniques for encoding circuit topologies, predicting electrical behavior, and accelerating design cycles through pre-trained models. The integration of graph neural networks (GNNs), transformers, and large language models (LLMs) has facilitated efficient representation of circuit data, enabling tasks such as performance estimation, fault prediction, and automated optimization. The paper also discusses limitations, future research directions, and potential industrial applications. By synthesizing current knowledge, this work provides a roadmap for leveraging foundation models to revolutionize modern circuit design workflows.

Keywords: Foundation Models, Circuit Representation, Prediction, Graph Neural Networks, Transformers, Electronic Design Automation, Pre-trained Models.

Authors: Dr. K. Vikram, Poonam Gupta

Abstract: One of the popular expressions in the Information Technology is Internet of Things (IoT). What's to come is Internet of Things, which will change this present reality objects into keen virtual articles. The IoT intends to bring together everything in our reality under a typical foundation, giving us not just control of things around us, yet additionally keeping us educated of the condition of the things. In Light of this, introduce ponder addresses IoT ideas through methodical audit of academic research papers, corporate white papers, proficient discourses with specialists and online databases. Besides this examination article centers around definitions, beginnings, fundamental prerequisites, qualities and assumed names of Internet of Things. The fundamental goal of this paper is to give an outline of Internet of Things, models, and imperative innovations and their uses in our everyday life. Notwithstanding, this original copy will give great perception for the new scientists, who need to do explore in this field of Internet of Things (Technological GOD) and encourage information gathering in productively.

Keywords: Internet of Things, IoT, RFID, IPv6, EPC, Barcode, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, ZigBee, Sensors, Actuators

Authors: Nalawade Supriya V., Salunkhe Ravina L., Parkale Ruchira R., Jagtap K.G.

Abstract: Wireless mediums are the latest technology developments and the primary reason being the wiring space and clean look. RF is one of the medium of transfer of data. There are multiple applications of RF. Due to increase in technology and the innovations there are some issues for child safety, the child needs to be protected from the hazards. The rates of crimes are only on the increase. However technology has also blessed us with many virtues. One such boon of technology is the protection. The intervention of child safety management system has greatly helped the security person to protect the child. Child safety management system is a specialized field dealing with protection of child at a particular place with the usage of easy-to-use technologies for security and comfort. Children are our most precious assets. While in your care, keeping them safe and secure is of almost importance. In fact, if child in danger zone it will send an alert to the monitoring system.

Keywords: RF Module, RFID reader, Arduino

Authors:Shubham Yenkar, Pooja Girhe

Abstract: The objective of this task is to re use vintage computer components that ought to be effortlessly on hand to make a low priced CNC/3-D printer. 3- D printers are commercially to be had and variety from a few tens of heaps to lakhs of rupees. In this challenge, the aim is to make a 3D printer for lovers who are not inclined to shell out a fortune for a 3-D printer.CNC stands for computerized numerical manage and it’s a technique that allows computers to automate machines. Frequently used with machines that circulate along in extraordinary axes like x axis & y axis and almost like coordinates that laptop will inform it exactly where to move, including a z axis will allow us to govern the depth. this is the concept that many 3-D printers use to print. The movement in the x, y & z instructions will be manipulated by making use of a stepper motor to be had in CD/DVD drives. the Arduino is the tool that will be controlling the entirety. But by itself, it has issues controlling the stepper motors at once. to resolve all Arduino/Stepper motor troubles, a “stepper motor motive force†is used for every motor. An old laptop po wer deliver (SMPS) is used for obtaining power deliver. By using hacking the 3-D pen and making it automatic via the usage of a bread board and a transistor and connecting it to the Arduino this complete setup can be used as a 3-D printer to print various 3-D items.

Keywords: — 3D printer, CNC machine, Arduino, GBRL controller, Xloader.

Authors: Shyam D. Bawankar, Rakhi R. Katole, Amruta R. Golghate, Shweta D. Kakade, Pragati N. Pande, Ashwin M Baraskar

Abstract:Money counting has been an issue for temple. Long ago, before the arrival of money counting machine, man has to count the money manually, and it is time consuming and tedious for those who handle the counting work. Mistakes on counting happen most of time due to many reasons: eyes tiredness, losing focus, and again new currency and previous currency of some notes causes confusion while sorting and etc. Alternative moneycounting method can appear to be essential because an accurate moneycounting is able to provide a quantitative output and time saving. In this paper, color sensor is used for detection of particular note. We are using At mega 328 microcontroller and various components like IR sensors, UV sensor, color sensor, dc motors and LCD display. Note is inserted into the system i.e. paper picking roller mechanism which is used in printer. First IR sensor will be used for detection of notes and then Color sensor will be used for detection of color of notes. Second IR sensor will be used for sorting mechanism. First motor will accept the note and note will be given for sorting mechanism. If in case note is fake then this will be detected by using UV sensor, then it will be given to the faulty compartment. For better output purpose we are using LCD display monitor so that we can get all the information simultaneously and in steady format. In short because of this project donation system will be easier.

Keywords: Note Picking Mechanism, DC Motor, IR Sensor, Color Sensor, Sorting Mechanism

Authors: Anand Shekhar, Vivek Sinha

Abstract: Electronic Design Automation (EDA) has been a cornerstone of modern integrated circuit (IC) and system-on-chip (SoC) design. Traditional EDA workflows rely heavily on heuristic and rule-based methodologies to optimize design parameters such as timing, area, and power. However, with the exponential increase in design complexity, conventional techniques often struggle to deliver efficient solutions within acceptable timelines. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), has recently emerged as a transformative tool for enhancing EDA workflows. AI-driven methods facilitate intelligent automation in tasks like placement, routing, timing closure, verification, and predictive design analytics. This paper provides a comprehensive review of AI-enhanced EDA workflows, examining the integration of ML techniques, algorithmic improvements, and real-world applications. It also highlights the benefits, challenges, and future research directions in this emerging field.

Keywords: Electronic Design Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, IC Design, Predictive Analytics, Placement and Routing

Authors: Santosh Pandey, Pankaj Bansal

Abstract: From the new Era of semiconductor industry [1] and the enhancement of new of devices from low scale to very large scale integration there is need of improvement for different properties of devices from traditional devices to short channel devices. There is need of Platform to perform from device simulation to process simulation .as requirement of Semiconductor industry . A new Platform as virtual fabrication available in different packages from different vendors known as technology computer aided design available in different models package for characterization of devices. Device simulation of Self heating[4] done for the short channel device from the package MEDICI.

Keywords: T-CAD , SOI  EDA, Self heating

Authors:Ankit Tayagi, Ashish Sharma, Rahul khatri

Abstract: This describes about the mechanism that switches the street lights on detecting vehicle movement and remains off and on after fixed time interval. Intelligent street light system consists of many features. It automatically controls the street light i.e., off during day time and on during night time using LDR sensor. It controls the intensity of street light by dimming and provides brightening the intensity on detection of any object using PIR sensor. It has camera for security purpose. Automatic fault detection i.e., on failure of LED light it automatically sends the message to the authorities using GSM sensing Technology. Manual switching on/off of street light using GSM Led street light glow the road but smart do more than that. Smart – Street light perform few task like: Enabled with camera to detect whether vehicle crossing speed limit. Every 10th light will blink for a second to prevent mid night accident. QR code & voice assistance which contain direction & information of nearest restaurant, petrol pump, etc. Solar power panel to charge itself. Charging point for Smartphone & small electronic devices. At night driver are in state of half sleep, by blinking light they get back attention on driving. While travelling highway people come with common problem like food & petrol which makes journey difficult. Aim of this concept is to reduce accident, & make journey easier, comfortable.

Keywords: Solar power panel, Voice assistance, Camera etc.

Authors: Satya Kumar Behera, Vedprakash, ArchanaDubey, Deepa Thakur, Kavita Nag, Beena Nishad

Abstract: In India the rapidly growing urban population is increase many problems for the city, car parking being one of the major problems faced almost every day. The number of vehicles is also increase daily and decreases the parking area. The increase population and expanding urban centres has been accomplished by increasing car ownership and increasing demand for movement for various purposes. The parking on roads and parking space has been an area concern in majority of indian city. The population of the world is growing rapidly which indirectly reduce the space available for parking. Due to this high population, traffic congestion problem have become in today’s world. To avoid these problem, The automatic car parking system is solving this problem. Automatic two level car parking method helps to minimize the car parking area. Two level automatic car parking has come with a number of reliefs since they come with a number of advantages such as optimal utilization of spaces, for comfort for drivers since the stress of struggling for parking space is taken off, more security and environmental harmony. In the two level automatic car parking system, car parking is an arrangement which is used to park a large number of car in least possible place. The two level automatic car parking system by using PLC, which is completely an automated system. PLC is used for control the two level automatic car parking system. In the car parking system , availability of the space for par parking is detected by sensor which is placed on the slots. A servo motor controlled elevator is used to lift the cars. In the two level automatic car parking system, the car is lifted and placed at the available slots. LED display provide in the ground floor, which shows the empty slots in that area. Controlling of the parking system and checking the empty slots is done by PLC and the car is lifted in the empty slots along with the assist of some sensors. This is done with the help of PLC programming.

Keywords: PLC, Relay, Sensor, Servo motor, LED Display, Monitoring, Power Supply, automatic.

Authors: A. Kameswaran, K.Nanthakumar, M. Ruba

Abstract: Content-addressable memory (CAM) is frequently used in applications, such as lookup tables, databases, associative computing, and networking, that require high-speed searches due to its ability to improve application performance by using parallel comparison to reduce search time. Although the use of parallel comparison results in reduced search time, it also significantly increases power consumption. Both low power NAND-type and high-speed NOR-type match-line (ML) schemes suffer from requirement of the precharge prior to the search. Recently, a precharge-free ML structure has been proposed but with inadequate search performance. In this brief, a Precomputation Based Self-Controlled Precharge-Free CAM (PB-SCPF CAM) structure is proposed for high-speed applications. The SCPF architecture is useful in applications where search time is very crucial to design larger word lengths. The experimental results show that PB-SCPF approach can achieve on average 80% in delay reduction and 32% in power reduction. The major contribution of this paper is that it presents theoretical and practical proofs to verify that our proposed PB-SCPF CAM system can achieve greater power reduction without the need for a special CAM cell design. This implies that our approach is more flexible and adaptive for general designs.

Keywords: Content-Addressable Memory (CAM), ML delay, high speed search, Self-Controlled Precharge-Free CAM

Authors: Rama Krishna Verma

Abstract: The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has catalyzed transformative changes across various technological domains, particularly in electronic design automation (EDA). Traditional chip design workflows, while effective, face significant limitations in scalability, adaptability, and efficiency, especially with modern system-on-chip (SoC) complexities. The emergence of AI-native chip design, often termed Agentic EDA, represents a paradigm shift in which AI agents actively participate in, optimize, and even autonomously execute chip design processes. This paper explores the foundations, methodologies, and future prospects of AI-native chip design. We present a comprehensive overview of agentic EDA systems, discuss their integration into conventional design workflows, and compare their performance with traditional EDA approaches. Additionally, we identify key challenges, including data dependencies, trust in AI decisions, and hardware-software co-optimization, providing insights into future research directions

 Keywords: AI-native design, Agentic EDA, chip design automation, machine learning, electronic design automation, AI-driven SoC, intelligent design agents

Authors: Mr. Omkar, T. Sawant., Mahadev S. Patil

Abstract: This paper presented “Development and designing of Automatic wire cutting system using Microcontroller” based on Microcontroller for industrial Application in real time. The proposed system implements a real time state of art automatic wire cutting system. The system is based on an ARM 7 . Preliminary result shows that embed platform are a promising path for the implementation of “Automatic Wire Cutting System” application in real world. In recent years of technology, automation has reduced human efforts and errors to a large extent. The development of automatic wire cutting system will reduce human efforts required to cut the wire in proper length. The time required for cutting different length wires depends on efficiency of workers. Quality depends on accuracy & skill of workers. ARM 7 microcontrollers has been used to control the operation of the system. This system saves time required for cutting the wires. Workers cost is also saved. This system will increase the efficiency of industry by saving time and money. The results are analysed using proteus as well real time experiments.

 Keywords: Embedded System, Microcontroller, ARM 7, LPC 2138, Automation, Wire cutting

Authors: Shaila S. Pati, Ravindra R Shinde

Abstract: DC Motor had been used in various applications and systems to control the different process and variety of applications. In such applications, Motor speed control is the fundamental task of relevant systems. These applications require a precise speed governing to avoid serious complications. There are several techniques to control the speed of motor. My intention in this project is to design a “DC motor Control System” using ALTERA Cyclone IV-E 4CE115 FPGA device. It is essential to program the device using VHDL or Verilog Programing Language. I use VHDL language to write program for Cyclone IV-E 4CE115 FPGA device. Altera DE2-115 board has 18 slide switches; these switches are used to vary speed of DC motor. Switch-1 to switch 5 is assigned to change the TON period of the PWM wave. When switches are pressed (Starts from ‘00000’ to ‘111111’), TON period of PWM wave varies and speed of motor increases bit by bit.

Keywords: — ALTERA, Cyclone IV-E 4CE115, DE2-115 board, PWM wave.

Authors:Divya G D, Anusha S, Bhavyashree K S, Abhay Deshpande

Abstract:An automatic irrigation control system has been designed to facilitate the automatic supply of adequate of water from a reservoir to field or domestic crops in all agricultural seasons. One of the objectives of this project is to see how human control could be removed from irrigation and also to optimize the use of water in the process. The method employed is to continuously monitor the soil moisture level to decide whether irrigation is needed, and how much water is needed in the soil. A pumping mechanism is used to deliver the needed amount of water to the soil. The project can be grouped into four subsystems namely; power supply, sensing unit, control unit and pumping subsystems which make up the automatic irrigation control system. A moisture sensor was constructed to model the electrical resistance of the soil; a regulated 12 volts power supply unit was constructed to power the system; the control circuit was implemented using operational amplifier and timer; and the pumping subsystem consisting of a submersible low-noise micro water pump was constructed using a small dc-operated motor. System response tests were carried out to determine the time taken for the system to irrigate potted samples of different soil types having different levels of dryness. The results obtained showed that sandy soils require less water than loamy soils and clay soils require the most water for irrigation.

Keywords: Automation, irrigation, control, pumping, soil moisture

Authors: G.Theivanathan, R.Shankari, .S. Sandhya

Abstract: At present due to increasing use of vehicles the environment gets polluted. The environment pollution is mainly due to emission of toxic gases. Our main objective is to prevent the emission of gases by identifying the vehicles which emit those gases in a large manner. By using Chemical carbon sensor the amount of carbon emission from a particular vehicle can be monitored and intimation will be done to the user in three stages. If the user doesn’t listen to that intimation, the information about the vehicle will be sent to the RTO (Regional Transport Officer). By knowing about the particular vehicle is emitting number of carbon emission the officer can take necessary actions against the owner such as fines or impounding vehicles.

 Keywords- ARM Processor, Sensors, LCD Display, RTO (Regional Transport Officer), MAX3232

Authors: G.Theivanathan, R.Shankari, .S. Sandhya

Abstract: At present due to increasing use of vehicles the environment gets polluted. The environment pollution is mainly due to emission of toxic gases. Our main objective is to prevent the emission of gases by identifying the vehicles which emit those gases in a large manner. By using Chemical carbon sensor the amount of carbon emission from a particular vehicle can be monitored and intimation will be done to the user in three stages. If the user doesn’t listen to that intimation, the information about the vehicle will be sent to the RTO (Regional Transport Officer). By knowing about the particular vehicle is emitting number of carbon emission the officer can take necessary actions against the owner such as fines or impounding vehicles.

Author: Rakesh Yadav¹, Anusha P. Rao², Md. Faizan Ali³, Sneha Rawat⁴

Abstract:Functional verification has emerged as one of the most time-consuming and resource-intensive phases in the VLSI design cycle, often consuming more than 60–70% of overall development effort. With increasing design complexity, traditional verification approaches based on manual testbench development, constrained-random testing, and coverage-driven methodologies struggle to scale efficiently. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques have shown strong potential in automating functional verification tasks and enabling early bug prediction. AI-driven verification systems leverage historical simulation data, design metrics, and behavioral patterns to identify verification gaps, predict failure-prone modules, and optimize test generation strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of AI-driven functional verification and bug prediction techniques, focusing on their architectures, algorithms, applications, and challenges. The paper also discusses how supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning models are being integrated into modern verification workflows. Through comparative analysis and illustrative examples, the study highlights the advantages of AI-assisted verification over conventional methods, while also addressing limitations related to data quality, interpretability, and industry adoption. The review concludes with future research directions emphasizing explainable AI, hybrid verification frameworks, and tighter integration with Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools.

Keywords: Functional verification, Bug prediction, Machine learning, Artificial intelligence, VLSI verification, Coverage optimization, Design validation

Author: Ankur Singh, Amna Chandra

Abstract: Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) are revolutionizing semiconductor design by offering significant advantages in device density, performance, and power efficiency. The advent of Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) and monolithic stacking has enabled vertical integration of circuits, reducing interconnect lengths and improving signal integrity. This paper reviews the fundamentals of 3D ICs, focusing on TSV-based integration and monolithic 3D stacking, highlighting the design challenges, manufacturing techniques, thermal management strategies, and emerging applications. A comparative analysis of TSV and monolithic stacking approaches is provided, alongside a discussion of future research trends. The insights presented aim to guide researchers and engineers in the development of next-generation high-performance and energy-efficient integrated circuits.

Keywords: 3D IC, Through-Silicon Via (TSV), Monolithic Stacking, Vertical Integration, Thermal Management, High-Density Integration.

Author: Amar Arvind Khatmode

Abstract: In present technological revolution power is very precious. So we need to improve the power factor with suitable method. Whenever thinking about any programmable device then the embedded technology comes into front. Automatic power factor correction system read the angle between line voltage and line current and calculating the power factor. Then this calculated value display in 2x16 LCD module. When Power factor is not good then for improvement power factor used different capacitor bank. This is developed by using 8051 microcontroller. Automatic power factor techniques can be applied to the industries, power system and the households to make them stable and efficiency of the system as well as the apparatus increases. The use of microcontroller reduces the cost.

Authors: Akshay Verma, Mrs. Alka Verma, Hemant Kumar, Tapendra Singh Tomar, Vishal Kumar, Harendra Singh

Abstract: Android is open source software; manufacturers can modify the operating system to suit their respective needs and phones. The Android platform includes support for the Bluetooth network stack, which allows a device to wirelessly exchange data with other Bluetooth devices. The application framework provides access to the Bluetooth functionality through the Android Bluetooth .Here the proposed system is designed to controlling the speed of induction motor using android application where the remotely controlling speed of induction motor is achieved. Android mobile act as a transmitter and the received by Bluetooth receiver interfaced to AVR microcontroller of IC 16F877A family. AVR is an advanced version of IC 16F877A microcontroller. Each time data is sent by android application as per code written is executed by AVR to deliver supply signal to Triac through optical isolation.

Authors: Mrs. Amruta S. Dixit, Mrs. Aditi A. Prabhune

Abstract: An IC constitutes area of microelectronics in which many electronic components are combined in to high density modules. IC’s, the main component of each and every electronic circuit can be used for wide variety of purposes and functions. IC consists of active and passive components such as resistors, capacitors, transistors on single chip which reduces size of system, power consumption and cost of overall system. But sometime due to faulty ICs the circuit doesn’t work. It is lot work to debug the circuit and confirm whether the circuiting is creating problem or the IC is faulty. So the proposed project is designed to confirm whether the IC under consideration is properly working or not. The proposed project can be used to check the IC’s of 74 series at gate level. The digital integrated circuit (IC) tester is implemented by using the microcontroller PIC 18F4550. The microcontroller processes the inputs and outputs and displays the results on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The basic function of the digital IC tester is to test a digital IC for correct logical functioning as described in the truth table and/or function table. The designed model can test digital ICs having 14 or 16 pins. Since it is programmable, any number of ICs can be tested. This model applies the necessary signals to the inputs of the IC, monitoring the outputs at each stage and comparing them with the outputs in the truth table. Any discrepancy in the functioning of the IC results in a fail indication, displays the faulty and good gates on the LCD. The testing procedure is accomplished with the help of keypad keys present on the main board design. The test has been accomplished with most commonly used digital IC's, mainly belonging to the 74 series. The design is flexible. We can add extra ICs and subroutines to test any other IC in the 74 series.