Journal of Transportation Engineering and Its Applications ISSN: 3107-4499 (Online)

Authors: Raghu N. Prajapati, Anish Shrestha, Aayukta Raman Aryal, Arun Khanal,  Abdul Hai Miya, Ayush Singh, Brabin Sapkota

Abstract:Sundarijal Watershed in Shivapuri National Park, Nepal has been providing services to Kathmandu Valley population in terms of Hydropower Generation and Drinking Water Supply. In this study, the probable submerged area in the catchment with the change in elevation of Sundarijal Hydropower Dam is calculated with the help of GIS-based tools and land use maps. In addition, assessment of the impacts on the vicinity due to the impounding reservoir is prepared. We hope that this study will be useful in designing of dam of an optimum elevation with minimum effects on the environment and maximum efficiency for sustainable period.

Keywords: Hydropower, Power Generation, Sundarijal Watershed, Dam

Authors: Shivaprasad H, Dr. Y. Ramalinga Reddy, Dr. D. P. Nagarajappa

Abstract: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an imaging technique that uses wide-band non sinusoidal electromagnetic waves to produce high-resolution images of the subsurface typically from 0-–10 m depth. GPR is an effective tool for subsurface inspection and quality control on engineering construction projects. The survey method is rapid, nondestructive and noninvasive. GPR has been successfully applied to a very wide range of tasks ranging from mapping geological structures, to identifying defects in concrete.

Keywords: Ground penetrating radar (GPR), Nondestructive, Subsurface

Authors:-Ronak kumar N Modi, Dr.C.G.Patel

Abstract:-In this paper flexible pavement failure is defined in terms of decreasing serviceability caused by development of cracks and ruts. Before going to the any techniques of the maintenance we must look into cause of failure of flexible pavement. Distresses generated in flexible pavement are caused due to the many reason and also combination of reason. Application of correction in the existing surface will increase the life of maintenance as well as strengthening layer. Also we visualize failure pattern are classified in existing pavement. Different factors are influencing the performance of flexible pavement is also identified. For efficient maintenance of road pavement, the deficiencies in our existing road system need to be clearly understood.

Authors:-Md. Tawkir Ahmed, Md. Rakibul Islam, Adeniran Adetayo O

Abstract:-industrial zones of developing countries, workers tend to live nearby places of their working zones and prefer to go to their working places by walking. Hence, footpath plays a crucial role in these areas, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh, where garments worker have a penchant to save the transport cost for their livelihood by walking to their working places. Hence, level of service (LOS) of the footpath in these zones should be much higher to facilitate these heavy loads of pedestrians. However, LOS evaluation criteria for off-street pedestrian facilities are not well defined in the context of Bangladesh and a negligible number of studies have been performed on this subject of matter. This motivates the authors to assess the service quality of footpaths in heavy industrial zone like Gazipur city using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In this study, a survey of 450 people were conducted to identify the key factors that attribute to the pedestrian’s satisfaction and it is found that the average rating of the footpath is 2.66 (out of 5) which is unsatisfactory and undesirable. Such findings are effective for developing footpath design and maintenance policies, and provides guidelines for future improvement.

Authors: Dr. Anjali Verma, Prof. Raghavendra Rao

Abstract: In the rapidly evolving landscape of urbanization and digital transformation, transportation systems have become a focal point for innovation and optimization. The advent of Big Data has introduced unprecedented opportunities to monitor, evaluate, and enhance transportation performance in real time. This paper explores the role of Big Data in optimizing transportation system performance through the integration of data analytics, machine learning, and intelligent transportation systems. It delves into the technological infrastructure supporting Big Data, its key applications in transportation planning and management, as well as the challenges and limitations hindering full-scale implementation. Furthermore, the paper outlines future directions and strategic frameworks for utilizing Big Data to build smarter, safer, and more sustainable transport systems for the next generation.

Keywords: Big Data, Transportation Performance, Data Analytics, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Predictive Modeling, Urban Mobility, Smart Infrastructure, Traffic Management

Authors: Er. K. K. Ade, Prof. G. R. Chillal, Dr. B. S. Karkare

Abstract: Underground tunnel construction has been rapidly increasing worldwide. Most of the tunnelling projects are executed in urban areas. The use of tunnelling for utility, such as water supply, sewage disposal and metro rail etc. tunnelling brings a lot of questions with them like managing the site logistics, how to excavate the bores, how to stabilize the soil etc. Due to increase in Industrialization, speed of growth of cities is increasing. This growth resulted in a good future for tackling the problem like water supply, solid waste management, urban infrastructure etc. Traffic and transportation are one of the major issues today. To avoid or to overcome this problem, the underground tunnelling is emerged as a new concept and can help to solve the traffic problem. This thesis emphasizes on the study of underground tunnel (TBM), below the foundations of existing structures. In this study, a 3D finite element analysis is considered to find the optimum distance required for tunnelling in vertical directions. Also a parametric study is conducted with respect to hard murrum and soft murrum for existing foundations like shallow foundation (Isolated foundation) and raft foundation.
Analysis were carried out using MIDAS GTS NX software for 3D tunnelling and the results were cross checked for allowable deflection by passing tunnel through various depth in accordance with the IS 1904-1984. Optimum depth of tunnelling was found out by considering the allowable displacement of existing foundation as per IS Code.

Keywords: Underground Tunnel, TBM, 3D Tunnelling,Tunnels

Authors: V. Lakshmi Thulasi, Dr. T. Kiran Kumar

Abstract: Ground improvement is commonly adopted in civil engineering practice to bring down the ill effects of poor sub soil conditions on civil engineering structures constructed over them. Stone columns are one of the methods of ground improvement to enhance the engineering behaviour of soft clays. Stone columns are vertical column or inclusions of dense compact crushed stone penetrating soft clays A series of laboratory tests were performed to determine capacity of stone columns by varying simultaneously the factors IC, LL of soil and L/D of stone column over two levels each following the principles of 23 factorial experimentation which enables to quantity the relative effect of each factor as well as effect of interaction among the furthers on response of interest (capacity of stone column and critical L/D).

Keywords: Stone Column, Index and Engineering properties, Load carrying capacity and settlements.

Authors: V. M. Naidu, CSRK Prasad, M. Srinivas, T. Praveen Sagar

Abstract: Trip rate is defined as the ratio of the Total number of trips generated per day to the Total population of the considered area. While considering a city as a study area it is difficult to relate the amount of trips that originate in that study area and the amount of trips attracted towards the study area in a conventional manner. This study brings out some basic Travel parameters that helps in estimating the number of trips in a study area. Relationship between Travel parameters and Trip rate has been established using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using different learning functions which reflects its performance level. In this study we have used learning functions TRAINLM, TRAINSCG which provided better results in establishing the relation between Trip rate and Trip rate parameters.

Keywords: - Artificial neural network, Trip rate (all-modes), Independent variables (Travel parameters) Trainlm, Trainscg, Multi-layer Feed Forward network, Feed Forward back propagation network.

Authors: ShahidulIslam,Mohammad Helal Uddin

Abstract: The study was carried out to assess the surface water quality parameters such as pH, DO, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS in different industries likeAramit Thai Aluminium Ltd, Smart Jeans Ltd, Base Textile Mill andPharmic Laboratories Ltd. of Bangladesh. The statistical methods of sampling were used for collecting samples. The Samples were preserved using suitable preservation methods. Water samples were collected during the hydrological years from 15th July 2018 to 25th June2019. The results showed thatalmost in every industry, their waste water contain high amount of pH, TSS, TDS, Bod and also COD which are not permissible limit prescribed by department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh.It should be taken necessary steps for the mitigation of water pollution of these industries. The results also provided data to understand and quantify the threat of the impact of climate change on freshwater resources of this region. The results further provided data for water quality of surface-water resources of greater Chittagong region to match national and international standards for drinking, agricultural, industrial and livestock requirements.

Keywords: Industrial water, Parameters, Chittagong, pollution.

Authors: Dr. Meenakshi Rao, Aniket Deshmukh

Abstract: Big Data Analytics is transforming how modern transportation systems are conceived, managed, and developed. In the age of rapid urbanization and increasing transportation demand, the integration of data analytics offers a powerful means to optimize planning, reduce congestion, predict travel behavior, and improve infrastructure investment decisions. This paper explores the vital role Big Data Analytics plays in the planning and development of transportation infrastructure. It outlines how data from various sources—such as GPS, mobile applications, traffic sensors, and social media—can be collected, processed, and utilized to support real-time and long-term decision-making. The study also delves into the challenges of data privacy, quality, and integration, while highlighting opportunities for smarter, more sustainable transport ecosystems. The future of transportation lies in data-driven planning, and this paper advocates for its essential adoption by urban planners, policymakers, and engineers alike.

Keywords: Big Data Analytics, Transportation Planning, Infrastructure Development, Smart Mobility, Urban Transport Systems

Authors: Amit Vashisth

Abstract: Samalkha town of Panipat district of Haryana state in India is an administrative center for 74 villages which consists of a population of almost 300 thousand including Samalkha town. The larger part of this population from most of the villages flooded to Samalkha town on a daily basis for shopping and other administrative works. No traffic signals, inadequate space for market, low road spaces and overtaking tendency by road users are responsible for creating long-term traffic congestion on railway road. Due to this substantial portion of working hours got wasted on the streets which indirectly affect the overall economy and causing serious air pollution and noise pollution which affects the environment. The Government needs to construct wider roads, shifting of vegetable vendors from roads to specified vegetable marketplace, curb to heavily loaded trucks. Samalkha being located on NH1, one of the busiest national highways in the country possessing industrial and trade importance, automobile exhaust contribute considerably to pollution. Inadequate native transport means that, the absence of bye-pass roads, encroachment of roads and lanes, inadequate traffic management, etc exaggerate the contribution level of automobile exhaust to pollution. The fuel employed in most of the vehicles is either diesel or fuel. By reducing holdup, this town can play a very important role in the economy of Haryana state by ensuring clean and healthy environment which is noise free and pollution free.

Keywords: Samalkha, Traffic-jam, Economy, Environment, Panipat district.

Authors: Nimmy Kurian

Abstract: Erumeli Panchayat in Kottayam district has an inevitable role in Sabarimala pilgrimage as it hosts Pettathullal which is an important ritual for kanniAyyappas. The traditional trek route to Sabarimala starts from here, thus Erumeli is a major center for Sabarimala pilgrims. Sabarimala master plan also identifies Erumeli to be developed as a major base camp. The present study focuses on the developmental strategies of Erumeli in two perspectives-as a Local Self Government and a pilgrimage base camp. Developments in this area have to be interlinked with the pilgrim activities and local needs without disturbing both. Study aims at identifying regional issues of native population as well as pilgrims and also addresses the impact of Sabarimala pilgrimage and a perspective planning solution to bring out a balanced condition of pilgrim and local population development involving residential participation in pilgrim management.

Keywords:Erumeli, Sabarimala Pilgrimage, Sustainable Development, Population Development

Authors: Robert Daniel, Huang Lee, Ashley Brandau

Abstract: Transportation forecasting is an attempt of estimating the number of vehicles or people that will use a specific transportation facility in the future. Traffic forecasts help to explain what the needs of the future might be and provide benchmarks for proper design and efficient transportation system operation. This paper aims to analyze in an original approach how a good transport forecast can lead to a better management in transport, with significant effects on transport system.

Keywords:Transportation forecasting, Traffic Forecast, Passengers, Freight, Economy

Authors:- Amit Vashisth

Abstract:- Increments in traffic volumes related with school trips offer ascent to much clogged region and contamination, additionally getting redirected from the maintainable advancement. Traffic produced by the schools put additional weight on the transportation arrangement of that territory where the school is found. The principle rationale behind the investigation was to ask pedestrian office as a factor influencing school students' mode decision and free travel conduct. The investigation will be viable to know the movement conduct and will be useful for advancement and arranging initiatory which will contribute into accomplishment of supportable and more secure transport framework. A contextual investigation including the students of 9 Bahadurgarh City schools was done. Students were urged to participate in the review and to give their perspectives about pedestrian office accessible in school way. It was observed that 33% of students walk to school. Using a study frames, reaction is completed, in these study shapes, a few inquiries were asked in which client need to rate the weightage to the pedestrian office. It was seen that the greater part of the school specialists also city Municipal Corporation were not especially mindful about the students' wellbeing and security, separate path for cycles and footpaths are not very much developed and kept up.

Authors: Dr. Rakesh Verma, Dr. Shalini Menon

Abstract: The design and construction of pavement systems are undergoing a transformative shift fueled by technological innovations and the pressing demand for sustainable, cost-effective transportation infrastructure. As urban mobility grows and climate variability increases, modern pavement design must integrate durability, environmental compatibility and structural performance. This paper explores recent advancements in pavement design methodologies and material technologies that support resilient and efficient transportation systems. It highlights the development of novel materials such as high-performance asphalt mixtures, recycled and eco-friendly composites, and smart materials that respond to environmental stimuli. Furthermore, it evaluates performance-based design principles and digital modeling techniques that enable better lifecycle analysis and predictive maintenance. This comprehensive review offers insights into the potential of these advancements to shape the future of infrastructure development.

 Keywords: Pavement design, modern materials, transportation infrastructure, sustainability, smart pavement, performance-based design, resilient roads

Authors: Dr. Meenal Rajput, Mr. Arvind Nandan

Abstract: Urban transportation systems have increasingly contributed to global carbon emissions, leading to adverse environmental impacts and exacerbating climate change. As urban populations continue to grow, the demand for mobility rises, placing immense pressure on transportation infrastructure and resources. This paper explores sustainable transportation planning as a critical strategy for mitigating urban carbon footprints. Through a review of current literature, an analysis of key challenges, and an evaluation of practical solutions and innovations, this study highlights actionable approaches for city planners and policymakers. Strategies such as transit-oriented development, active transportation promotion, the adoption of electric vehicles, and integrated urban mobility systems are examined. Ultimately, this paper aims to provide a framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from urban transport while promoting accessibility, equity, and livability in cities.

Keywords: Sustainable transportation, urban mobility, carbon footprint, climate change, electric vehicles, public transit, non-motorized transport, city planning.

Authors:-Mahindra Deshmukh , Dr. Bhalchandra Khode 

Abstract:-With increasing population and vehicle ownership the urban regions are facing congested situations. The vehicles cooperate to share the same right of way laterally and resulting into delay and reduced capacity of roadway. The main aim of the study is to observe the lateral behaviour characteristics of software. Simulation model is prepared using PTV VISSIM software and calibrated to the observed field conditions. Speed flow curves are plotted to find the capacity of the midblock section taken for the study. The lateral gap between vehicles is checked using the coordinates data obtained during the simulation and then used to find the relation between the average speed and gap between vehicles at different flow levels ranging from moderately low to congested conditions. There is considerable variation in the lateral gap and speed at the observed volumes.

Authors: Chintaman S. Bari, Dr. Ashish Dhamaniya, Dr. B. V. Khode

Abstract: Air Pollution caused due to human activities is one of the major problems in the whole world and India being third largest contributor for emission of green house gases. Thus to control the air pollution, monitoring for the various pollutants as CO, PM10, PM2.5, SOx and NOx were carried out by CPCB in India. In Surat the daily monitoring was carried out at twelve sampling stations all around the city. The Air Quality Index (AQI) was found to fairly harmful with high concentration of Particulate Matter (PM). PM10 is a complex mixture of dry solid fragments, droplets of .liquids or solid cores with coatings which being highly carcinogenic. Present study aims to study the dispersion of PM10 at unsignalised intersection on urban roads. The temporal variation of the PM10 was studied compared with the traffic volume. It was observed that morning peak shows high concentration of PM10 which goes on decreasing towards off peak then again increases in evening peak.

Authors:-Prof. (Ms) P. P. Tajane, Dr. N. W. Ingole

Abstract:-In the approach to the smart city mission, the objective is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life, a clean and sustainable environment and application of ‘smart’ solutions. Smart transportation system is sentient soul of the smart city. During development of a smart city one of the most important aspect include effective transport system is to make the existing transportation system of a city smarter. For this modern means of transport must be included in the planning of smart city. While planning efforts must be directed to make the transportation system swift, efficient, cost effective and acceptable to the citizens of the city. The present paper discusses about the various means of transport which might be adoptable while planning for a smart city. Smart Transportation technologies include state of the art with a goal to improve surface transportation safety, efficiency, and convenience.

Authors: Dr. Kavita Sharma, Prof. Nikhil R. Menon

Abstract:In the rapidly urbanizing world, cities are facing immense pressure to enhance their transportation infrastructure to meet increasing demand while addressing environmental, economic, and social challenges. Multimodal transportation networks have emerged as a strategic solution to address these complex urban mobility needs by integrating various modes of transport such as buses, trains, bicycles, and pedestrian pathways into a cohesive system. This paper explores the key design principles and user-centered approaches essential for developing efficient, accessible, and sustainable multimodal transportation networks. Emphasis is placed on the interconnectivity between modes, infrastructure adaptability, digital integration, and human-centric planning. The paper also discusses the challenges in implementation, opportunities for innovation, and the evolving role of data in designing transport systems that are responsive to user needs and environmental imperatives.

Keywords: Multimodal Networks, Urban Mobility, Accessibility, Transportation Planning, Shared Mobility.

Authors: Dr. Sneha Rajan, Mr. Arvind Bhattacharya

Abstract: The exponential growth of urban populations has led to complex transportation challenges, particularly in managing and predicting traffic flow efficiently. Traditional traffic modeling techniques often struggle to handle the dynamic, non-linear, and stochastic nature of urban traffic systems. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative tool in transportation engineering, offering data-driven approaches for real-time traffic prediction and congestion mitigation. This paper explores the role of machine learning in traffic flow prediction from a transportation engineering perspective. It analyzes various ML algorithms, discusses implementation challenges, and investigates the scope for integration with smart mobility infrastructure. The paper also identifies future directions for research, aiming to promote sustainable, intelligent transportation systems that can adapt to real-world uncertainties.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Traffic Flow Prediction, Transportation Engineering, Intelligent Transport Systems, Urban Mobility

Authors: Nicholas Evans, Dr Don Law 

Abstratc: During the twentieth and twenty-first century many have taken the approach to develop lean combustion in gasoline engines using conventional fuel ling and ignition systems. While lean combustion is achievable, only small amounts of enleanment are achievable meaning that improvements are limited before the lean limits reached and combustion become suns table. In the pursuit of efficiency both conventional and non-conventional operation methods have been explored. Whileλ1.3is achievable using conventional fuel and ignition systems, λ1.4 typically results in unstable combustion troughs lower flame fronts and higher hydrocarbon emissions than stochio metric combustion.

MAHLE have developed MJI (MAHLE Jet Ignition), a pre-combustion chamber with a small pre-chamber volume fit ting in the place of a conventional spark plug. Both pre-chamber and cylinder are supplied with fresh air fuel mix where fuel is delivered in an approximate3:97ratiorespectively. Like other pre-chamber combustion methods combustionis initiated in the pre-chamber as a rich Mixture where a thoroughly mixed lean mixture in the cylinder is ignited by the resulting flame front from the pre-chamber. Using these design stable lean limits have been dramatically improve do more conventional fuelling and ignition systemstoλ2.1. Faster CA10-90has also been achieved than conventional methods with significant high load knock limits improvements. The normal fficiency in the engine tested increasedby25%resultingin a peak brake thermal efficiency (BTE) greater than 41%andfuelconsumptions of sub 200g/k Wh. additionally; nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions have been significantly reduced.

Authors:-S. Sreeremya

Abstract:-Fly way is the path taken by the migratory birds. Majorly shoe birds have the main skill to migrate from one place to another by using an imaginary flight path which is being referred to as flyway. Many of the organization have initiatives to evaluate the birds migrating and recording their results. This paper deals with the different path taken by flying birds.

Authors:-Nicholas Evans , Dr Don Law 

Abstract-Pre-combustion chambers that utilise turbulent jet ignition is an advanced combustion system that allows for improved fuel consumption, efficiencies and emissions. This report will look into the benefits as well as the disadvantages of using these advanced turbulent jet ignition pre-combustion chambers in the hope to amplify why using these systems would be extremely advantageous to the automotive industry. 

Authors: Dr. Rajeev Narayan, Shruthi K. Menon

Abstract: Urban mobility is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for a large portion of energy use and environmental pollution in cities. As global urbanization accelerates, the need for sustainable and low-carbon transportation becomes urgent. This paper explores a variety of low carbon urban mobility strategies, ranging from public transportation enhancement and non-motorized transport infrastructure to smart mobility solutions and electric vehicle adoption. It evaluates the effectiveness of these strategies in reducing carbon footprints, improving urban livability, and fostering inclusive, resilient communities. The paper also highlights policy recommendations and urban planning frameworks that support a transition to a cleaner urban transport system.

Keywords: Low-carbon mobility, sustainable transport, urban planning, electric vehicles, smart mobility, climate change mitigation