Journal of Automotive Engineering & Technology ISSN: 3107-7390 (Online)

Author: Dr. Anjali Verma, Mr. Rahul Singh

Abstract: Hydrogen fuel cell technology offers a promising solution for sustainable automotive powertrains by providing clean energy with zero emissions. This paper reviews the principles, advancements, and challenges of hydrogen fuel cells in automotive applications. The focus is on fuel cell types, efficiency, hydrogen storage methods, and infrastructure development. Comparative analysis with conventional internal combustion engines and battery electric vehicles is also presented. The potential of hydrogen fuel cells to contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving energy security in the transportation sector is discussed.

Keywords: Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Sustainable Powertrain, Automotive Technology, Hydrogen Storage, Zero Emission Vehicles, Renewable Energy

Author: Dilip Sutraway1, Syed Abbas Ali2, Altaf Hussain Bagawan3, Shashikant Nimbalkar 4

Abstract: In the present work, the biodiesel is prepared from simarouba and used as fuel in CI engine.  This study investigates the influence of injection timing of blended simarouba biodiesel on performance and emission parameters. The effect of varying fuel injection timing such as 23˚bTDC Normal, 26˚bTDC Advanced, 23˚bTDC Retarded is evaluated in terms of Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption, Mechanical Efficiency, Exhaust gas temperature, CO, HC, CO2, NOx and smoke density. Transesterification of vegetable oils is carried out by using methanol and sodium hydroxide. The Simarouba Oil Methyl Ester (SOME) has been tested in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. Experiments are conducted on the engine at different loads and different injection timing. It is found that at 23˚bTDC injection timing and at 220 bar fuel injection pressure & blend S20 has given better results than other blends and it is also observed that, the emission are also less as compared to diesel.

Keywords: Simarouba oil methyl ester, performance, exhaust emissions, injection timing.

Authors: RajanishM, N.V. Nanjundaradhya, Ramesh S Sharma, V Chayapathy

Abstract: The research and development of high performance structural materials for aerospace and automotive have long been focused on the weight saving and minimal environmental impact. Accordingly, lightweight characteristics in structural materials have become one of the basic requirements for all systems where these composite panels are subjected to bending load. Prediction of the flexural strength of a high performance laminated composite is important for engineering application yet difficult in nature. The purpose of this work is to analyze the flexural behaviour and progressive failure process of laminated composites subjected to a bending load. The analysis is based on the classical lamination theory. Only the mechanical properties of constituent fiber and matrix materials under the bending load condition and the laminate geometric parameters are required. All these data will be measured independently before composite fabrication. As one does not know a priori which ply failure corresponds to the ultimate failure, the use of only the stress failure criterion is no longer sufficient for the determination of the laminate ultimate strength.

Keywords: Composites, Matrix, Epoxy resins, Metal Matrix, Glass Fiber.

Author: Ravi Kumar, Priya Sharma

Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM), widely known as 3D printing, is revolutionizing the automotive industry by enabling faster prototyping, lightweight component manufacturing, and customization at unprecedented levels. With advances in material science, computational design, and printing technologies, automotive manufacturers can now integrate complex geometries, reduce tooling requirements, and achieve shorter product development cycles. This paper explores the evolution of 3D printing in the automotive sector, its role in rapid prototyping, direct part manufacturing, tooling applications, and the integration of lightweight composite materials. Emphasis is placed on its contribution to electric vehicle (EV) development, sustainability, and supply chain resilience. A case-based discussion is provided on real-world automotive implementations, alongside future trends and challenges in scaling 3D printing for mass production. The analysis concludes that 3D printing is not just a prototyping tool but a production-ready technology with transformative potential for next-generation vehicles.

Keywords: 3D Printing, Automotive Prototyping, Additive Manufacturing, Lightweight Components, Electric Vehicles, Digital Manufacturing, Composite Materials

Author: Dr. Anjali Verma, Mr. Rohit Sharma

Abstract: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have significantly enhanced vehicular safety and driver convenience in modern automobiles. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into ADAS marks a transformative leap, enabling more accurate perception, decision-making, and adaptive responses to complex driving environments. This paper explores the synergistic convergence of AI technologies such as machine learning, computer vision, and sensor fusion within ADAS frameworks. It highlights AI-driven functionalities including adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assist, and collision avoidance systems, emphasizing their role in advancing towards autonomous driving. Challenges in data processing, real-time analytics, and ethical considerations are also discussed. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper underscores how AI integration is pivotal in redefining vehicle safety standards and shaping the future of intelligent transportation systems.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, Machine Learning, Autonomous Vehicles, Computer Vision, Sensor Fusion

Author: Prof. Nikhil Varma, Dr. Priya Iyer

Abstract: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication represents a critical technological advancement in the journey towards smart mobility. By enabling real-time data exchange between vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, and networks, V2X enhances road safety, reduces congestion, and optimizes transportation efficiency. This paper examines the key components of V2X, including Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), and Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) communication. It explores enabling technologies such as Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) and Cellular-V2X (C-V2X), their integration with 5G, and the challenges of deployment. Through analysis of use cases and future trends, the study highlights V2X’s pivotal role in achieving fully autonomous, sustainable, and interconnected transportation systems.

Keywords: : Vehicle-to-Everything, V2X Communication, Smart Mobility, 5G Integration, Intelligent Transportation Systems

Author: Satvinder Singh Bhatia, Ritesh Kumar Nishad, Sameer Rajendra Patil, Mukund Kishor Dewangan, Makhan Sahu, Purushottam Kumar Chandrawanshi

Abstract: In this paper, we present the findings of a project work that estimates the impact of Principal Stress through Load and Young's Modulus of Elasticity. For this, a leaf spring is chosen for analysis that absorbs vibrations when a vehicle is in motion. The leaf spring is an automotive component that acts as a support structure for vertical loading which is needed due to the vehicle’s weight and payload. When in operation, the leaf spring functions complicatedly as it has a clamping effect and needs to manage interleaf contact. That's why it needs to be analyzed for accurate prediction of displacement and various stresses.

Keywords: Principal stress, young’s modulous of elasticity, leaf spring, vertical loading, automotive

Author: Sujit Sali, Tajamul Pasha, HulagappaB

Abstract: The present work describes the effect of filler on mechanical properties of glass/epoxy composite. E-glass fibre is used as reinforcement, embedded in Huntsman Ly 556 epoxy matrix using Ht 972 as hardener and Nano clay as filler in preparation of the composite using the hand lay-up technique. The effects of fillers on mechanical properties were studied by conducting the tests. With addition of filler, Tensile, Flexural, Impact and Fracture toughness increases. The highest values of tensile, flexural, impact and fracture toughness were observed at a filler percentage of 2.5 wt%. The mechanical property of E-glass/epoxy composites decreases at 5 wt%. To obtain the maximum strength in composite, the filler percentage in the composite to be kept within 5 wt%.

Keywords: E-glass fibre, fillers, mechanical properties, fracture toughness, epoxy resin

Author: Dr. Priya Nair, Arjun Malhotra

Abstract: Thermal management is a critical aspect of electric and hybrid vehicle design, directly influencing battery performance, energy efficiency, and component lifespan. As electric mobility becomes mainstream, effective thermal control strategies are essential for addressing issues such as battery overheating, motor temperature stability, and passenger comfort. This paper explores advanced cooling and heating techniques, including liquid cooling, phase change materials, and active thermal control systems. It also examines challenges such as thermal runaway, integration of waste heat recovery, and climate adaptability. By analyzing recent technological trends, the paper provides insights into optimizing thermal performance for improved vehicle safety and efficiency.

Keywords: Thermal Management, Electric Vehicles, Hybrid Vehicles, Battery Cooling, Waste Heat Recovery, Liquid Cooling Systems.

Author: Dr. Ramesh Kulkarni, Ms. Priya Nair

Abstract: Regenerative braking systems (RBS) have emerged as a cornerstone technology in electric and hybrid vehicles, transforming kinetic energy into stored electrical energy to enhance efficiency and sustainability. This paper explores the principles, design considerations, and advancements in RBS, emphasizing its role in reducing energy consumption and improving vehicle range. Key challenges, including system integration, energy storage limitations, and braking feel optimization, are addressed. Additionally, the paper examines emerging trends in predictive braking and smart energy recovery algorithms. Through case studies and comparative analysis, the potential of RBS to redefine modern transportation efficiency and environmental impact is thoroughly evaluated

Keywords: Regenerative braking, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, kinetic energy recovery, energy efficiency, sustainable mobility.

Author: P. Suresh Kumar, Sharmila Thapar

Abstract: This paper presents a repot on the analysis of stiffened plates, that are basic structural members in marine structures, and include also aeronautic and space shuttles among other structures. Due to the simple fabric with a very high strength-to-weight ratio, these plates are also commonly used for building land based structures which include box girder and plate girder bridges. The stiffened plate has a number of one-sided stiffeners in either one or both directions, the latter configuration being also called a grillage.

Keywords: Stiffened Plates, Tanaka & Endos’ Experiments, Ghavami’s Experiments.

Author: P. Aanandaswarup, Raajyashree Selvan

Abstract: This paper presents the method of obtaining a solution for problems in flow of porous media is based on the control volume finite element approach which has been shown to be particularly well suited for a fast and efficient implementation of the Newton-Raphson linearization technique. The basic idea of the control volume finite element approach is to obtain a discretized equation that mimics the governing mass conservation equation locally. A volume of influence, referred to as a control volume, is assigned to each node. The discretized equation for a given node then consists of a term describing the change in fluid mass storage for that volume which is balanced by the term representing the divergence of the fluid mass flux in the volume. The fluid mass flux will depend on the physical properties associated with the volume and the difference in the value of the primary variable between the node in question and its neighbors. Discretization of the subsurface and the surface flow equations is identical except for the difference in dimensionality. For the sake of clarity, we present in this paper, a detailed description of the control volume finite element method applied to discretize a simplified prototype continuity equation in Liquid composite molding (LCM). The final discretized equations for all subsurface domains and for surface flow are then presented without providing the details of the derivation.

Keywords: Newton-Raphson linearization Technique, CV /FEM -VOF Method, Resin Flow.

Authors : Swapnil Hatwalane, Apurv Chakor, Akshay Ohol, Girish Palve, Rakesh Jagtap

Abstract : Specifically the human perception of the dynamic comfort of a seat is an area that is of importance to automotive manufacturers for a market becoming more and more competitive and sophisticated. A major portion of the vibration experienced by the occupants of an automobile enters the body through the seat. To date significant attention has been paid to the static comfort of seats while work on dynamic seat comfort is limited. Semi-active control systems are becoming more popular because they offer both the reliability of passive systems and the versatility of active control systems without imposing heavy power demands. In particular, it has been found that magneto-rheological (MR) fluids can be designed to be very effective vibration control actuators, which use MR fluids to produce controllable damping force. The objective of this paper is to design and study a driver seat suspension system model with an MR fluid damper under harmonic excitations with finite element (FE) analysis. We have studied the response of MR damper to vibration, which plays a key role in determining the dynamic comfort.

Keywords : MR Fluid Damper, Car Driver Seat, Driver SSeat Suspension System