Journal of Automotive Engineering & Technology ISSN: 3107-7390 (Online)

Authors:Surmadhur Pant, Hemendra Tripathi, Kuldeep Godiyal

Abstract:Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) have been the primary power source for various applications, from transportation to power generation, for over a century. However, their efficiency has remained a significant challenge due to inherent thermodynamic limitations and environmental concerns. This paper explores various strategies and technologies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of internal combustion engines, including advancements in combustion processes, alternative fuels, hybridization, and waste heat recovery. The potential benefits of each approach are discussed, along with their practical implications and challenges. The paper also presents relevant tables and figures to illustrate the key concepts and data associated with efficiency enhancements in internal combustion engines.

Keywords:Efficiency enhancement, internal combustion engines, combustion processes, alternative fuels, hybridization

Authors:Dr. Ashok Tayal, Madhav Kanojiya, Ravi Kumar

Abstract:Autonomous vehicles have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to revolutionize transportation by improving safety, efficiency, and convenience. One of the critical challenges in achieving full autonomy is developing robust navigation systems that can effectively perceive and interpret the surrounding environment. Sensor fusion, the integration of data from multiple sensors, plays a pivotal role in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of autonomous vehicle navigation. This paper provides an overview of autonomous vehicle navigation principles and explores the importance of sensor fusion in creating a comprehensive perception system. Various sensor types, fusion techniques, and challenges associated with sensor fusion are discussed. Additionally, real-world examples and potential future developments in the field are presented.

Keywords:Autonomous vehicles, sensor fusion, navigation, LiDAR, radar,  

Authors:Piyush Ghatage, Keshav Nandan

Abstract:The rapid global shift towards sustainable transportation has driven significant advancements in Electric Vehicle (EV) powertrains and battery technologies. This paper reviews the recent developments in EV powertrains and battery systems, highlighting the key innovations and their implications for the automotive industry. The paper discusses advances in powertrain architectures, battery chemistries, charging infrastructure, and associated challenges. Tables and figures are provided to illustrate key concepts and data trends.

Keywords:Electric vehicles, EV powertrains, battery technologies, charging infrastructure, advancements, 

Authors Name:- Zahid Ahsan, Umme Habiba, Mohammad Zoynal Abedin

Abstract:- The increasing complexity of modern vehicles and the growing demand for safety necessitates a rigorous evaluation of safety cases in the domain of automotive engineering. This research paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of safety cases in the automotive industry and identify potential areas of improvement. The study involved a comprehensive review of existing literature, industry standards and guidelines, and case studies. The results indicate that safety cases provide a systematic and structured approach to safety evaluation, but there is room for improvement in terms of transparency, traceability, and consistency.

Keywords:- Turbocharging, Internal combustion engines, Engine performance Boost pressure, Engine efficiency, Fuel economy, Emissions, Supercharging Turbocharger design, Turbocharger control, Intercooling, Turbocharger matching, Engine downsizing, Combustion characteristics, Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), Variable geometry turbocharging (VGT), Waste heat recovery (WHR), Heat exchangers, Turbocharger materials, Engine durability.

Authors Name:- Vishal S. Deshmukh, Harshada Lamkane

Abstract:- The increasing complexity of modern vehicles and the growing demand for safety necessitates a rigorous evaluation of safety cases in the domain of automotive engineering. This research paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of safety cases in the automotive industry and identify potential areas of improvement. The study involved a comprehensive review of existing literature, industry standards and guidelines, and case studies. The results indicate that safety cases provide a systematic and structured approach to safety evaluation, but there is room for improvement in terms of transparency, traceability, and consistency.

Keywords:- Functional safety, Safety-critical systems, Safety cases, Automotive engineering, ISO 26262, Autonomous vehicles, Safety standards, Machine learning, Certification Model-based safety assurance, Risk assessment, Hazard analysis, Safety verification, Software-intensive systems, Safety argumentation.

Authors Name:- Ajay Rai, Gunjan Tiwari

Abstract:- Gear reducers are a critical component in mechanical engineering that are used to decrease the speed of rotational equipment. The purpose of this research paper is to explore the role and importance of gear reducers in mechanical engineering. This paper will begin with an introduction to gear reducers, followed by a discussion of their functions, types, and applications. The research will further delve into the selection criteria for gear reducers, as well as the design and operation principles involved in gear reducers. The paper concludes by summarizing the importance of gear reducers in mechanical engineering and discussing the future of gear reducer technology.

Keywords:- Gear reducers, Mechanical engineering, Speed reduction, Torque increase, Power transmission, Control over motion, Noise and vibration reduction, Durability, Spur gear reducers, Helical gear reducers, Bevel gear reducers, Worm gear reducers, Planetary gear reducers, Cycloidal gear reducers, Industrial applications.

Authors Name:- Udita Sharma, Mayank Tiwari, Abhishek Sharma, Anant Chaudhary

Abstract:- This research paper discusses the problems associated with the use of technical terminology in technical documentation of the automotive industry. Technical terminology can cause misunderstandings, user frustration, increased support costs, and safety risks for non-technical users. The paper proposes several solutions to mitigate these problems, including simplifying the language used in the documents, using visual aids, including a glossary of terms, conducting user testing, and organizing the documents in a clear and logical manner. By adopting these solutions, companies in the automotive industry can create technical documentation that is accessible to a wider range of users, improving user satisfaction and reducing the risk of errors or safety risks associated with misunderstandings.

Keywords:- Technical terminology, technical documentation, automotive industry, user understanding, user frustration, support costs, safety risks, language simplification, visual aids, glossary, user testing, organization, accessibility, user satisfaction.

Authors: Santosh kumar Balaji Kachave, Samir Khureshi, Mahesh Suryawanshi, Sayyed Tanveer

Abstract: With the increasing levels of technology, the efforts are being put to produce any kind of work that has been continuously decreasing. The efforts required in achieving the desired output can be effectively and economically be decreased by the implementation of better designs. Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion. An object lifting jack is an example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large load. In this fabricated model, an electric motor will be integrated with the object-lifting jack, the electricity needed for the operation will be taken from the d.c battery, and thereby the mechanical advantage will be increased.

Keywords: power screws, jack, electric motor and d.c battery.

Authors:- Alka Yadav, Dr. A.K Rai

Abstract:- Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process that uses a non-consumable tool to join two facing work pieces without melting the work piece material.[1] Heat is generated by friction between the rotating tool and the work piece material, which leads to a softened region near the FSW tool. While the tool is traversed along the joint line, it mechanically intermixes the two pieces of metal, and forges the hot and softened metal by the mechanical pressure, which is applied by the tool, much like joining clay, or dough.[1] It is primarily used on wrought or extruded aluminium and particularly for structures which need very high weld strength. FSW is an eco-friendly process because there is no fumes production and no filler material. To get high quality of weld, then high heat should be generated. In this paper, AA6063 and AA7075 alloy material is welded by En8 tool with different parameters and quality of weld is examined by using a non-destructive testing method called Ultrasonic and Radiography inspections. FSW is also found in modern shipbuilding, trains, and aerospace applications.

Keywords:- Friction stir welding (FSW), Defects, Alloy material, Aluminium alloys, Plate.

Authors:- Aakash Singh, Himanshu Gupta

Abstract:- Internal combustion engines play an important role in modern life. With the most recent plan change in several parts being advanced to boost efficiency and overall performance, one area has been left unaltered, and that is the camshaft. Cam controls the engine's breathing channels, which are the valves through which the fuel-air combination enters and emissions are expelled. with the assistance of push rods, rocker arms, and stiff springs With growing performance demands, engine professionals and researchers throughout the world are investigating radical cam-less structures that promise to increase the efficacy of ICEs. The fantasy of achieving cameraless technology is rapidly becoming a reality. With cam less technology in use, engine power can be increased, pollutant emissions can be controlled, and better mileage can be obtained. Furthermore, the entire mechanism of pulley or belt drive is replaced by the camless engine with greater efficiency than previously, i.e., intake and exhaust of the IC engine by camless actuation technology, with the camless engine variable valve timing also controlling the intake and exhaust gas recirculation. One of its primary advantages is that it provides continuously variable and independent control of all sorts of motion.

Keywords:- Electromechanical valve actuator, Camless engine, hybrid actuator

Authors:- Dr. Ganesh Prasad, Pankaj Singh

Abstract:- The automotive silencer is critical to the dynamic performance of the exhaust system. The silencer is susceptible to strong vibrations since it is placed at the tail end of the exhaust system with little support. Localized strains in the silencer are caused by these vibrations. The finite element approach is used to study the vibrations and stresses. Modal analysis is used to examine the dynamic properties of the silencer. Natural frequencies are observed to be different from stimulation frequencies. Furthermore, a dynamic frequency response study with 3G acceleration in all directions varying with frequency was done. The stresses are concentrated at the connection between the input pipe and the flange, and these stresses are above the material yield stress limit in both the X and Y directions. As a result, in order to minimise the stresses produced, a structural change to the silencer is recommended, followed by an analysis. In all the X and Y directions, the obtained stresses are less than the yield stress limit. The experiment findings validate the FEM results.

Keywords:- Vibration Analysis, Automotive Silencer, Natural frequencies, Directions

Authors:- Shankar Upadhya, Pankaj Bohara

Abstract:- The automotive radiator is an important part of the engine cooling system. The drive for more powerful engines in fewer hood areas has resulted in inadequate heat dissipation rates in vehicle radiators. As a result, many radiators must be modified to be more compact while still providing enough cooling. Radiator size is mostly determined by the heat rejection requirements of the core. Traditional radiator fins are made of aluminium; one of our approaches is to replace the fin material with MWCNT (multi-wall carbon nanotube) composite to increase heat dissipation and reduce overall radiator size.

Keywords:- MWCNT, Nano fluid, Heat dissipation, Radiator core.

Authors:- Gajendra Karhari, Bhoopendra Singh

Abstract:- The braking system is applied to the vehicle using the proper system design to ensure safe driving. Accidents on the road occur as a consequence of a system breakdown or a driving error. Drivers occasionally lose control of their automobiles and drive dangerously on the road. Transportation and car accidents kill a huge number of people in most urban areas across the world, notably in India. This is due to insufficient infrastructure, a lack of road procedures, and a lack of tools to police traffic regulations. Every day, 11,999 accidents occur in the country. The intelligent braking system is critical for reducing traffic accidents and managing vehicle speed. An ultrasonic sensor identifies road impediments in this clever braking system. A receiver receives the reflected signal, which initiates the braking circuit and applies the brakes.

Keywords:- Accidents, Ultrasonic sensor, Intelligent braking system, Braking circuits.

Authors:- Dr. Chithra Nair, Nithin Krishnan, Ashish

Abstract:- The primary goal of this research is to detect gearbox malfunction signals using vibration and noise signal analysis. Experiments were carried out with many sets of healthy and problematic Delrin gears at various speeds and weights. To begin, Healthy Delrin gears were assembled in the gearbox test rig, and signals were measured using an accelerometer and a microphone, and recorded using data acquisition systems (DAQ) to determine the standard behaviour of normal gears. The Healthy Delrin gears were then replaced with malfunctioning Delrin gears, and signals were recorded independently for each instance under the identical conditions. Following that, five recommended methodologies for monitoring vibrations and noise are used to analyse gearbox defects: time domain analysis, frequency response function (FRF), fast fourier transform (FFT), angular domain analysis, and Octave Band Analysis. According to the experimental results, vibration and noise signals play an important role in the evaluation of gearbox faults. Finally, it is discovered that the vibration amplitudes of the gearbox rise, resulting in greater tooth breakage at various speeds and loads.

Keywords:- Frequency Response Function (FRF), Fast Fourier Transform(FFT), Delrin gears, Time Domain Analysis, Gearbox 

Authors:- Diksha Mane, Karuna Deshmukh, Dr. Anupam Sharma

Abstract:- A sliding door system is used in commercial vehicles and passenger automobiles to provide more access to the inside for loading and unloading. Mechanisms and tracks with a particular cross-section created by roll forming and stretch bending ensure the movement of a sliding door on a vehicle body. On a sliding door system, there are three tracks and three mechanisms known as upper, central, and lower. To verify these goods, static criteria such as strength in multiple directions, mechanism stiffness, door drop off, and door sag must be met, as well as dynamic requirements such as high energy slam opening-closing and durability. Furthermore, there is a kinematic requirement to determine force values from the door handle during manual operation. In this work, the finite element analysis and physical test results for sliding door systems will be compared.

Keywords:- Sliding Door, Experimental, Finite Element Analysis, Vehicle Tests, Verification

Authors:- Shikha Patil, Arivind Aggarwal

Abstract:- WMSDs (work-related musculoskeletal disorders) are a prevalent issue in the automobile sector. WMSDs have a negative impact on worker health and diminish productivity and efficiency. Three-wheeler automobiles are becoming increasingly popular. Three-wheeler vehicles are mostly used as passenger vehicles. The three-wheeler auto is manufactured by processes such as machining, engine assembly, paint shop, vehicle assembly, test drive, and export (SKD, CKD). The current ergonomic research concentrated on the Semi Knock Down Export. The SKD process includes vehicle transfer, tyre removal, engine oil drain, rear wheel removal, steering column deconstruction, corton cover rolling, frame assembling, pillar stage, tightening stage, and export. They will cause ergonomic and health-related dangers at each level of SKD. Workers are exposed to dangers because of improper jobs or workplaces. Workers will be challenged to uncomfortable postures such as bending, twisting, and handling heavyweights at each step. For the assessment of RULA and REBA, the study included work area observation, interview sessions, videotaping, and pictures. Except for the Corton covering step, which results in a medium risk level, the reaming phases result in a high danger level, requiring quick modifications. The study recommends improving the work environment by implementing administrative and engineering controls to provide an anti-fatigue mate, a conveyor system for the entire process, side support for a chair with a cushion, rubber grip for tools, changing the work area and working procedure, and rotating workers.

Keywords:- Semi Knock Down, three-wheeler auto, awkward postures and conveyor system.

Authors:- Md. Mosiwur Rahaman, Mohammad Zoynal Abedin

Abstract:- Automobile waste management is one of the most emerging issues all over the world. This is because of the large amount of automotive waste that is being generated daily and the impact of such waste is hazardous for the environment and living beings. Waste management is the organized way of managing the waste through pathways to guarantee that they are disposed of with attention to least negative impact to the environment. With the rapidly increasing volume of vehicles, there is a parallel need to increase waste management initiatives by across the world and also of modern facilities for reuse and recycling of waste materials like metal, solvents, batteries, plastics etc. Waste recycling can help eliminate and thus minimize wastes. This paper will discuss the management of automotive waste materials, recycling infrastructure and vehicles processed, materials recycled, parts reused and including alternative treatments for automotive shredder residue. It is found that Nearly 39 million vehicles go out of service each year mainly in three developed regions; Europe, Japan and North America. And this is rising at a rate of 10 percent per year. Currently, approximately 75% of the total vehicle weight is recycled. The remaining 25% go to landfill, and is known as Auto Shredder Residue (ASR).End of life time vehicle process for automobile waste management is seen to be the most effective process, pyrolysis for plastic to fuel generation technology, wastage tire recycling technology, wasted oil refining technologies are most effective recycling and reuses technology for the automobile waste management.

Keywords:- Automobiles waste management, Recycling, End of life vehicle (ELV) process, Metal separation, Component reuse, Vehicle pre-treatment, Shredder residue and sustainable development.

Authors: Vishal S. Deshmukh, Harshada Lamkane

Abstract: Turbochargers are used throughout the automotive industry as they can enhance the output of an internal combustion (IC) engine without the need to increase its cylinder capacity. The application of such a mechanical device enables automotive manufacturers to adopt smaller displacement engines, commonly known as “engine downsizingâ€. Historically, turbochargers were often used to increase the potential of an already powerful IC engine. The emphasis today is to provide a feasible engineering solution to manufacturing economics and “greener†road vehicles. It is because of these reasons that turbochargers are now becoming more and more popular in automobile applications. The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the techniques used in turbocharging to increase the engine output and reduce the exhaust emission levels.

Keyowrds: Volumetric Efficiency, Intercooler, IC Engine, Turbocharger

 

Authors: Yashvir Singh, Nishant Kr. Singh, Rakesh Prasad

Abstract: The suspension system is a critical component of every vehicle. It is responsible for the vehicle's safety throughout its manoeuvre, as well as providing stability and a comfortable ride for the occupant. Recent suspension system advancements have mostly focused on enhancing vehicle comfort and handling while preserving cost and space feasibility as a production restriction. The goal of this project is to design and construct a double wishbone suspension system for an all-terrain vehicle that minimises sprung and unsprang mass while lowering vibration amplitude while considering vehicle dynamics. As an aim, this will preserve ride quality, ride stability, and flexibility on off-road racetracks while giving comfort to occupants.

Keywords:  ATV Vehicle, Vehicle dynamics, Un-sprung mass, Suspension system

Authors: R. Kundan Kumar, Dr. V. R. Ranjan

Abstract: Friction welding is the sole method for joining comparable and dissimilar metals that have been discovered yet. It is a common welding procedure in a variety of industries, including automobiles, aerospace, submarines, and heavy-duty vehicles. Friction welding is a force welding method that is not commonly used. It is a well-thought-out and most viable approach to overcoming the challenges of traditional connecting methods. The most common application is for combining materials with varying mechanical and physical qualities. We have focused our efforts mostly on Rotary Friction Welding (RFW). Our primary goal is to grasp the fundamental concepts of friction welding. Kinetic energy is converted to heat energy in this approach, resulting in a high-quality weld with an unusually high-efficiency coefficient. Experimental experiments employing various factors such as rotational speed, temperature, and pressure on material demonstrated the efficiency of this rotational friction welding technology. Experiments on the mechanical strength of similar and dissimilar materials as well as their experimental determination in real-time are essential for comprehending and characterizing the main process step and parameter optimization.

Kaywords: Friction Welding, Rotary Friction Welding, Continuous-drive Friction Welding (CDFW), Similar Joint, Friction Welding (RFW), Dissimilar Joint

 

Authors: Dr. V. S Laxmi, D Sam Dayala Dev

Abstract: Roller chains are used to cope with various chemicals and environmental conditions, which causes wear and tear of chain components, resulting in unexpected failure and high production costs. The material is carried by two or more infinite strands of chain with connected non interlocking slats. Other instances include transporting pallets and tree trunks. Wheeled automobiles, for example, may be dragged as well as carried by the chain. In recent work, I used mild steel to investigate various failures of roller conveyor chain links under various loading circumstances. The motor capacity of a chain conveyor system is determined by the chain's weight. The highest amount of chain conveyor weight is covered by the exterior and inner links, according to research. To lower the conveyor's power needs, we focused on both link and weight reduction by employing composite material.

Keywords: Roller chains, Conveyor, Composite material, Chain’s weight

 

Authors: Deepanshu Verma, Alok Tripathi

Abstract: This paper proposes the investigation of active suspension systems in automobiles with the goal of enhancing ride comfort for passengers while also improving the stability of the vehicle by decreasing vibration impacts on the suspension system, as described in the literature. It has been determined that the physical model of the car suspension system is generated from the laws of motion, and Simulink building blocks are formed by splitting a set of equations for the various parts. Simulation of the vehicle has been completed, and the resulting reactions have been plotted. In response to the rising need for fine control of parameters, the mechatronic controller is being created for the purpose of boosting the comfort of the vehicle through the application of the controller to the vehicle's suspension system. The inclusion controller and the Jerk measure in the active suspension system should be taken into consideration at this point in the system's design.

Keywords: Automotive suspension system, Traffic, Simulink, System design

 

Author:  Rashid Ahmed, Umer Rijvi

Abstract:  Rapid industrialisation has resulted in a severe drop in fossil fuels, necessitating the demand for environmentally acceptable biodiesel to meet industrial hunger. Biodiesel from Jatropha curcas has a lot of promise as an alternative fuel. The kind of catalyst used to produce biodiesel impacts its fuel characteristics and is a factor influencing its yield. The current study's main goal was to compare biodiesel qualities derived from homogeneous and heterogeneous base catalysts. To evaluate its potential as a diesel alternative, the parameters were compared to ASTM defined fuel properties. The base-catalysed transesterification process was employed in this work to manufacture biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil. As homogeneous and heterogeneous base catalysts, KOH and CaO were utilised.

The resulting biodiesel was subjected to several characterisation procedures such as acid number, fire point, flash point, cloud point, pour point, and fluid parameters such as density and specific gravity. The findings obtained employing the KOH catalyst (Example: Fire point: 126, Specific gravity: 0.87) were encouraging because the values were in accordance with the ASTM standard. As a result of this research, a systematic comparison of two different catalysts was performed, and it was discovered that KOH is an ideal catalyst that is inexpensive and can be scaled up to achieve maximum yield. This is a zero-waste technique since the by-product (glycerin) may be used to make commercial-grade items such as bioplastics and soap. The main future possibilities of this study endeavour are that innovative approaches for producing biodiesel in ecologically and economically acceptable procedures are gaining centre stage.

 The transesterification of jatropha-based biodiesel utilising an effective base catalyst (KOH) will take centre stage since it is discovered to be a lot safer fuel than diesel due to its greater flash point and fire point, reducing reliance on imported petroleum and enhancing indigenous energy sufficiency.

Keywords:  Biodiesel, Jatropha curcas oil, KOH and CaO catalysts, Transesterification.

 

Author:  R. Jeevika Rao, Pallavi Singh

Abstract:  The globe is keen to discover clean fuels that may be used to power our automobiles and other technologies in the future. More hazardous gas emissions will not contribute to survival in this climate. To maintain our environment, several visible modifications should be done immediately in our power producing equipment, whether fixed or portable. This study investigates current advances in electric cars and conventional engines. The research also examines recent and future technology utilised to make power-generating units more efficient and less emissive.

Keywords:  Electric vehicles, hydrogen, internal combustion engines, alternative fuels, emissions, fuel cell