Journal of Automotive Engineering & Technology ISSN: 3107-7390 (Online)

Authors:  Sucheth G C, Ramesh Rao

Abstract:  The automotive radiator is an important part of the engine cooling system. The drive for more powerful engines in fewer hood areas has resulted in inadequate heat dissipation rates in vehicle radiators. As a consequence, many radiators must be modified to be more compact while yet providing enough cooling. Radiator size is mostly determined by the heat rejection requirements of the core. Conventional radiator fins are confined to aluminium; one of our approaches is to replace the fin material with MWCNT (Multi wall carbon Nanotube) composite to increase heat dissipation and decrease overall radiator size.

Keywords:  Radiator core, MWCNT, Nano fluid, and heat dissipation

Authors: Shashikala T , Sagar P Dhamone

Abstract:  The review paper aims at focusing the prominent and pioneering work addressing the design and analysis of multi-leaf spring. Rigidity and load carrying capacity are the prime concern in selection of material for suspension component which indirectly emphasize upon the passenger comfort. Exploring and using composite as material for leaf spring, instead of conventional steel materials has gathered attention of researchers and automotive manufacturers due to potential characteristics of composites. But its feasibility and reliability needs to be dogged out and addressed to the greater extent. The paper attempts to brief out the attempts made hitherto.

Keywords:  FRP Leaf Spring, Multi-leaf spring

 

Author: Vamsi Pandranki

Abstract:  The primary goal for this research is to increase the crashworthiness, decrease the weight, and lower the cost of the bumper. Designing a heavy vehicle bomber and doing a sequential study on how it effects characteristics like as shape, thickness, and material would aid in increasing quality and decreasing weight. This also provides a technique for using recyclable and biodegradable materials, which aids in the management of natural pollution. The heavy vehicle's bumper beam is modelled and evaluated using steel material, and then the design is updated and improved utilising a FEA shape optimization tool. Because of the form improvement, the state of the model is altered and replaced with aluminium and composites. The design of the bumper is prepared for the study on an automobile bumper to improve the qualities of the beam, specifically to withstand crash impact forces ranging from medium to high speed impact crashes. Based on this research, it is suggested that S2 glass epoxy performs exceedingly well all around when compared to the present bumper material. The stress is reduced by 45.14 percent, while the deformation is reduced by 55.25 percent.

Keywords:  Bumper, Analysis, Composite material, FEA

Author: Dr. Nikhil Arora, Ms. Aastha Sharma

Abstract: In the era of smart mobility, connected automotive systems are revolutionizing transportation by integrating vehicles with networks, cloud services, and digital infrastructure. However, this evolution brings an increase in cyber vulnerabilities. Hackers can exploit these weaknesses, posing significant threats to vehicle control systems, user privacy, and overall road safety. This paper explores key cybersecurity challenges faced in connected automotive environments, such as insecure interfaces, over-the-air updates, and V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) communication threats. It further evaluates countermeasures like intrusion detection systems (IDS), hardware security modules (HSMs), and security-by-design strategies. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for robust cybersecurity frameworks and international standards to ensure secure vehicular ecosystems.

Keywords: Connected Vehicles, Automotive IoT, Cybersecurity, V2X Communication, Intrusion Detection, Over-the-Air Updates, Security Frameworks

Author:- Seema Singh, Ravi Kumar, Aditya Gautam

Abstract:- Fossil fuel is not a renewable energy source, and its reserves are rapidly depleting. There is a need to investigate the potential of new fuel sources that may be utilised in current cars in order to avoid future crises. SDG 7 emphasises the need of a clean source of energy. A significant number of research projects have been conducted in this field to examine the potential for the development of biofuels. A variety of vegetable oils have been tested and investigated. The oil of Citrullus colocynthis has also been investigated as a biofuel. Thumba is the Indian name for Citrullus colocynthis. It has been shown in research that it can be a significant source of biofuel. Citrullus colocynthis oil may be mixed with diesel and utilised in current engines, according to research. This review article highlights past research on biodiesel to satisfy the increasing need for clean energy supplies, taking into account the necessity for this resource.

Keywords:- Biofuel, Engines, Citrullus colocynthis, Energy

Author:- Vandana Chodhary, Rekha Kumari

Abstract:- When the value of gravity remains lower than the earth's own gravitational coefficient, the current suspension system fails to achieve the intended outcomes as the quantity and method of shock absorption changes. NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory collaborated on a suspension system dubbed the rocker-bogie Suspension System to counteract anti-gravity effects. It's essentially a suspension system for mechanical robotic vehicles used for space exploration. The rocker-bogie suspension based rovers have been successfully implemented for the Mars Pathfinder, Mars Research Rover (MER), and Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) missions carried out by the world's top space exploration organisations. Every space exploration firm engaged in the business of space research is presently favouring the suggested suspension mechanism. The goal of this study is to learn about the mechanical design and benefits of the Rocker-Bogie suspension system in order to see whether it can be used in traditional loading trucks to improve efficiency and reduce maintenance costs.

 Keywords:- Laboratory collaborated Exploration, Efficiency, Mission, Rocker- Bogie, Suspension System

 

Author:- Ajay Rai, Gunjan Tiwari

Abstract:- As petroleum supplies become scarcer, there is a pressing need to find an alternate fuel to meet the world's energy demands. Biodiesel is a standout among the finest available options for meeting the world's energy needs. Over 350 oil-bearing yields were identified, with just a few being investigated as possible diesel engine elective fills. The experiment was carried out using different oils and their mixtures with diesel. The majority of the researchers said that short engine experiments using vegetable oils as fills were encouraging, but that long-term experimental results revealed increased carbon development and oil tainting was causing engine failure. They agreed that vegetable oils, either synthetically changed or blended with diesel, might be used to predict engine failure. It was found that biodiesel's burning characteristics are similar to diesel's, and that blends have a shorter I delay, a higher I temperature, a higher I weight, and a greater pinnacle warmth emission. The engine power output was found to be comparable to diesel fuel. It was also discovered that base catalysts are more empathetic than acid catalysts.

Keywords:- petroleum supplies, Biodiesel, Acid Catalysts, Vegetable Oils

 

Authors: S.Pochaiah, Yashesh Ahirwar, R.Venkatesh

Abstract: This work aims at the performance test on diesel engine to be made to run on biodiesel which is obtained by the transesterification of non-edible cottonseed oil. The combustion characteristics are also noted along with performance and emission details. Blends from B10 to B100 were prepared and tested in the engine setup. On observing the performance characteristics it was found that blend B30 produced the optimum results. Cottonseed oil was chosen for obtaining biodiesel due to its inherent presence of low amount of unsaturated fatty acids which makes the transesterification process greener and efficient. The yield obtained was 84% which could be increased substantially if ionic liquids were used as catalyst as well as solvents. So a study of ionic liquids was found necessary to fully comprehend the conversion process and its optimization. The catalyst used initially was sodium hydroxide. The properties of cottonseed oil and the biofuel obtained after transesterification were noted. The Fourier Transform Spectroscopy test was performed for the cottonseed oil as well as biofuel which showed that the biofuel obtained by transesterification is suitable for being used as an alternative fuel on blending with diesel.

Keywords: Biodiesel Synthesis, Biofuel, Transesterification, Diesel engine

Author: Anoop Tiwari, Chandrika Saxena 

Abstract: The automobile has played a significant role in the evolution of the modern world. When it comes to automobiles, the two-wheeler plays a crucial part because it saves the traveler's time by getting them to their destination much faster. We all know that using a side stand carelessly can lead to significant mishaps. As a result, we're developing a device that will automatically retrieve the side stand whenever the motorcycle begins to move.

 A parked motorcycle is supported by the side stand. If the rider forgets to retract the side stands before riding, the unattended stand will interfere with the rider's control during the turn or even cause a major accident. Our goal is to create a mechanism in motorcycles that allows the side stand to automatically retract. This will help to ensure the safety of two-wheeler riders and will save countless lives

Keywords: Side stand, Passenger safety, Low Cost, Automatic system, Hook and loop mechanism

Author: Lavanya Jha, Anshika Kumar, Gurpreet Singh

Abstract: Load cells are constructed using thin ring theories and are used in a variety of applications such as material testing machine calibration, force monitoring in various cutting instruments, agricultural applications, and loading in hardness testing machines, among others. Different ring-shaped load cells, such as square, hexagonal, octagonal, and circular load cells, were investigated using finite element analysis in this research. The study allows for the effect of shape over pressure, as well as deflection in the load cell. When strain is induced in different load cell components, the circular load cell is found to be the most responsive. In the octagonal ring, however, less defection is needed to achieve the same strain as in the circular ring. As a result, it is recommended that octagonal rather than circular shapes be used in the construction of load cells.

Keywords: Ring-shaped load cell, FEM, Shape optimization, Strain, Deflection

Author: Mohit Saxena, Shweta Mishra

Abstract: With the aid of the Finite Detail Process, this paper manages the stress investigation of the bike part. The exam is performed in Ansys, and the F.E.A. results and hypothetical outcomes are compared. In a hypothetical test, the casing is treated as a truss-like structure, with pinnacle tube, down tube, seat tube, chain live, and seat live resolved, taking into account various scenarios such as static start-up, continuous state paddling, vertical impact, even impact, and returned wheel braking. The above circumstances lead to an overly constrained level of information analysis.

Keywords: ANSYSY, FEM, Motorcycle edge, Rear wheel, Braking

Author: Kapil Khanna, Komal Patel

Abstract: The term "lean manufacturing" refers to a production method that seeks to reduce inventory on a factory floor. Its roots can be traced back to Japan's industrial past, when manufacturers adhered to strict material management policies and attempted to achieve as close to "stockless demand" and "zero inventory" as possible. The aim of Lean Manufacturing, or the seven zeroes (zero errors, setup time, break down, handling, lead time, and waves), is to manufacture what is required when it is needed, thus reducing inventory storage and capital costs. The role of history in the formation of American society is examined and contrasted with that of the Far East. In the literature review and overview of the report on lean manufacturing implementation of thinning, it includes concepts, advantages, and implementation steps of lean tools and techniques. Techniques for implementing lean methods in a car manufacturing company—whether they work or not (and how) car manufacturers can reduce their costs by using the same and what changes need to be made to the process of making them available. Advantages, weaknesses and declines may be encountered when trying to implement a lean method.

Keywords: Automotive sector, Lean Manufacturing, Production method, Stock less demand

Authors: Rakshitha. R, Dr. Usha Surendra

Abstract: This paper describes the application of Internet-of-things (IoT) in Management the performance of electric vehicle battery. It is clear that an electric vehicle totally depends on the source of energy from a battery. However, the amount of energy supplied to the vehicle is decreasing gradually that leads to the performance degradation. This is a major concern for battery manufacture. In this work, the idea of Management the performance of the vehicle using IoT techniques is proposed, so that the Management can be done directly. The proposed IoT-based battery Management system is consists of two major parts i) Management device and ii) user interface. Based on experimental results, the system is capable to detect degraded battery performance and sends notification messages to the user for further action.

Author: Dr. Rishabh Malhotra, Sneha Iyer

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study between turbo charging and supercharging—two pivotal forced induction technologies in modern automotive engines. As vehicle manufacturers strive for enhanced fuel efficiency, performance, and lower emissions, forced induction systems have become increasingly crucial. This paper analyzes the working principles, performance characteristics, energy efficiency, lag behavior, and suitability in different vehicular applications. Through comparative tables and technical exploration, the study provides clarity on the strategic deployment of each system in contemporary vehicle design.

Keywords: Forced Induction, Turbocharger, Supercharger, Engine Efficiency, Boost Pressure, Engine Lag, Fuel Economy, and Performance Tuning

Author: Ritika Sharma, Rajeev Mehta

Abstract: The rapid evolution of intelligent transportation systems has positioned Autonomous Parking Systems (APS) as a critical technological innovation in the automotive sector. This paper explores the architectural components, functional design, and real-world applications of APS, focusing on sensor fusion, machine learning algorithms, and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. With urbanization on the rise and space becoming a premium, APS offers efficient parking solutions, reduced emissions, and minimized human error. The study also assesses commercial deployments, safety challenges, and integration with smart city infrastructure. The adoption of APS reflects a paradigm shift toward sustainable and intelligent urban mobility.

Keywords: Autonomous Parking, Ultrasonic Sensors, Machine Learning, Urban Mobility, V2I Communication, Smart Vehicles, LiDAR.

Author: Ishaan Mehta, Riya Banerjee

Abstract: Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as a transformative technology in automotive maintenance and technical training. By overlaying digital information onto real-world environments, AR offers real-time guidance, visualization, and diagnostics for service technicians and trainees. This paper explores the integration of AR in automotive workshops and training centers, evaluating its impact on skill development, repair accuracy, and time efficiency. The study investigates current applications, technological requirements, advantages, and challenges in deploying AR for various maintenance tasks. It concludes with recommendations for optimizing AR deployment to modernize automotive servicing and enhance vocational education in the sector

Keywords:  Augmented Reality, Automotive Maintenance, Technical Training, Smart Workshops, Interactive Diagnostics, HMI, AR Tools.

Author: Dr. Neha Malhotra, Rohit Deshmukh

Abstract: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have emerged as pivotal technologies in the automotive industry, providing drivers with critical support functions that enhance safety, reduce collisions, and promote intelligent driving. ADAS includes features like adaptive cruise control, lane departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, blind-spot detection, and parking assistance. These systems rely on a combination of sensors, cameras, radar, and artificial intelligence to function effectively. This paper explores the development, architecture, and implementation of ADAS technologies, their real-world safety benefits, and the challenges in adoption, especially in developing countries. Special attention is given to the integration of machine learning and sensor fusion, legal and ethical implications, and the roadmap for future ADAS improvements. The paper concludes that with the correct regulatory frameworks and infrastructure, ADAS can significantly contribute to global road safety.

Keywords: ADAS, Vehicle Safety, Autonomous Driving, Sensor Fusion, Automotive Electronics, Lane Assist, Driver Monitoring

Author: Dr. Ritesh K. Singh, Sneha R

Abstract: The modern automotive industry is increasingly adopting lightweight and high-performance materials to improve fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and enhance crashworthiness. As a result, multi-material structures—comprising steel, aluminum, magnesium, and composites—have become prevalent in vehicle design. This transition, however, introduces significant challenges in joining dissimilar materials with varied physical and chemical properties. This paper presents a detailed exploration of various multi-material joining techniques such as adhesive bonding, mechanical fastening, friction stir welding, and hybrid joining methods. Each technique's working principle, benefits, limitations, and application scope within automotive structures are analyzed. Comparative evaluations and recent technological developments are discussed, along with an outlook on future trends. The study highlights how appropriate joining methods are critical in enabling multi-material designs while maintaining structural integrity, safety, and cost-effectiveness.

Keywords: Multi-material Joining, Automotive Structures, Friction Stir Welding, Adhesive Bonding, Hybrid Joining, Structural Integrity

Author: Dr. Meenal Joshi, Ankit Srivastava 

Abstract: The automotive sector generates a significant amount of waste heat through combustion processes, primarily lost via the exhaust and radiator. Thermoelectric materials offer a revolutionary approach to energy conservation by directly converting heat into electricity through the Seebeck effect. This paper examines the working principles, material properties, and practical applications of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) in automobiles. Particular focus is given to materials like bismuth telluride, lead telluride, and emerging half-Heusler alloys. Performance metrics such as the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity are discussed with reference to the figure of merit (ZT). Furthermore, the integration of TEGs into the automotive exhaust system is explored, along with associated engineering challenges like thermal stability, toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. This paper concludes with future directions for material innovation and the role of thermoelectricity in sustainable mobility.

Keywords: Thermoelectric generators, Waste heat recovery, Seebeck effect, Figure of merit, Automotive energy efficiency, Bismuth telluride, Heat-to-electricity conversion

Author: Dr. Kavita Joshi, Mr. Rishabh Mahajan

Abstract: In the face of accelerating climate change and global environmental concerns, the transport sector is under immense pressure to decarbonize. Biofuels and synthetic fuels have emerged as pivotal technologies to replace fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions without overhauling existing internal combustion engine (ICE) infrastructure. This paper investigates the role of biofuels and synthetic fuels in enabling low-emission transport. It highlights their production technologies, emission profiles, energy balance, integration with current vehicle architectures, and global case studies. Furthermore, the paper contrasts their lifecycle impacts with traditional fuels and explores policy measures and innovation trends promoting their adoption. The study concludes that while electrification is a dominant decarbonization pathway, biofuels and synthetic fuels offer transitional and complementary solutions, especially for aviation, maritime, and heavy-duty applications.

Keywords: Biofuels, Synthetic Fuels, Low-Emission Transport, Decarbonization, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Renewable Energy, Fuel Lifecycle.

Author: Dr. Meenal Rathi, Kartik Sharma

Abstract: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have revolutionized automotive safety through real-time environmental sensing and decision-making. This paper investigates the pivotal role of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and computer vision technologies in enhancing ADAS functionalities such as adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assistance, and automatic emergency braking. A comparative evaluation is presented on their capabilities, challenges, and future potential in Level 2 and above autonomy. The study identifies integration complexity, environmental sensitivity, and cost as major technical bottlenecks. Trends such as sensor fusion and AI-driven vision systems are discussed as promising directions.

Keywords: ADAS, LiDAR, Computer Vision, Sensor Fusion, Autonomous Vehicles, Object Detection, Driver Assistance

Author: Dr. Neha Vardhan, Rohan Mehta

Abstract: Industry 4.0 has brought a wave of digitization and automation to traditional manufacturing paradigms. In automotive assembly lines, the integration of smart technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, cloud computing, and big data analytics has led to remarkable improvements in production efficiency, quality assurance, and real-time decision-making. This paper explores the applications, benefits, and challenges of adopting Industry 4.0 technologies in automotive assembly lines, focusing on how smart factories are transforming the production landscape.

Keywords: Industry 4.0, Automotive Assembly Lines, Smart Manufacturing, IoT, Cyber-Physical Systems, Automation

Author: Dr. Shreya Kapoor, Mr. Arvind Mehta

Abstract: The evolution of the automotive industry toward connected and autonomous vehicles has revolutionized modern mobility. With vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication becoming more prevalent, cyber security has emerged as a critical concern. This paper examines the key cyber security challenges faced by connected vehicles, including vulnerabilities in software, communication networks, and hardware interfaces. The paper also explores current solutions, industry standards, and proposed frameworks for mitigating threats. Through analysis of attack vectors and use cases, the importance of robust cyber security design in ensuring safety and user trust is emphasized.

Keywords: Connected Vehicles, Cyber security, V2X Communication, Intrusion Detection, Automotive Hacking, Automotive IoT, Vehicle Security Frameworks

Author: Dr. Karan Mehta, Ms. Priya Deshpande

Abstract: Vibration in automotive powertrains significantly influences performance, comfort, and component durability. As modern vehicles advance toward lighter structures and higher efficiency, the role of vibration analysis and control becomes increasingly critical. This paper explores the sources of vibration in automotive powertrains, the techniques used to analyze these vibrations, and the various strategies applied for effective control. Methods such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA), torsional modeling, and modal testing are examined alongside damping strategies like tuned mass dampers (TMDs), dual-mass flywheels (DMFs), and active vibration control systems. Case studies from hybrid and electric powertrains highlight the evolving challenges and innovations in vibration suppression. Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of integrated design approaches for improved drivability, durability, and noise reduction in powertrain systems.

Keywords: Vibration Analysis, Automotive Powertrain, Modal Testing, Torsional Vibration, Active Control, NVH, Dual-Mass Flywheel

Authors: Dr. Neha S. Kulkarni, R. Harshvardhan

Abstract : Smart mobility is transforming urban transport systems across the globe by incorporating intelligent traffic integration, data analytics, and automated control systems. This paper delves into the mechanisms and frameworks of intelligent traffic integration (ITI), its impact on congestion mitigation, pollution control, and efficient multimodal transport. By employing IoT, AI, and real-time traffic monitoring, cities can realize adaptive, data-driven traffic solutions. The paper explores case studies, architecture models, integration techniques, and the role of cloud-edge synergy in supporting sustainable urban mobility.

Keywords : Smart Mobility, Intelligent Traffic Systems, Urban Transport, Real-Time Monitoring, AI in Traffic Management, Edge Computing, Traffic Optimization