Journal of Automotive Engineering & Technology ISSN: 3107-7390 (Online)

Author: Dr. Shalini Verma, Mr. Arpit Sen

Abstract: The progressive tightening of vehicular emission norms has significantly influenced the design and performance of internal combustion engines (ICE). With global pressure to reduce environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, automotive manufacturers have had to integrate innovative technologies to comply with standards such as Euro VI, Bharat Stage VI, and Tier 3 norms. These regulations have resulted in notable changes in fuel injection systems, exhaust after-treatment devices, combustion optimization, and electronic control systems. This paper explores the evolution of emission norms and their direct implications on engine architecture, efficiency, and sustainability. Additionally, it addresses the balance between performance, compliance, and cost-effectiveness through a systematic examination of engineering adaptations driven by legislation.

Keywords: Emission norms, Engine design, Euro VI, BS VI, After-treatment systems, Automotive engineering, NOx reduction, GHG emissions.

Author: Dr. Karthik Ramesh, Ms. Sneha Patil

Abstract: The increasing demand for sustainable transportation solutions has accelerated the development of solar-powered vehicles, particularly for urban environments where energy efficiency, compactness, and reduced emissions are paramount. This paper explores the state-of-the-art innovations, technical challenges, design considerations, and performance evaluations associated with the deployment of solar-powered vehicles in city landscapes. With advancements in photovoltaic technologies, lightweight composite materials, and efficient energy storage systems, solar vehicles are no longer theoretical models but practical contributors to the future of green mobility. The paper also examines regulatory, infrastructural, and economic challenges that influence scalability. A comprehensive review of recent prototypes and commercial ventures is included to highlight emerging trends and research opportunities in this domain.

Keywords: Solar-Powered Vehicles, Urban Mobility, Photovoltaic Panels, Lightweight Materials, Battery Storage, Renewable Energy, Green Transportation.

Author: Dr. Sneha Kulkarni, Rahul Mehta

Abstract: The automotive industry is under increasing pressure to reduce its environmental impact, particularly in terms of carbon emissions during manufacturing. This paper explores effective strategies for minimizing the carbon footprint throughout the vehicle production process. From energy-efficient production practices and use of lightweight sustainable materials to implementation of circular economy principles and renewable energy sources, a comprehensive approach is necessary. This study highlights the role of process optimization, advanced technologies, digital tools, and regulatory compliance in achieving decarbonization targets. A comparative analysis of traditional vs. green practices demonstrates significant potential for emission reduction, supporting the global shift towards sustainable mobility.

Keywords: Carbon footprint, automotive manufacturing, sustainable materials, green production, energy efficiency, circular economy, lifecycle analysis

Author: Dr. Shalini A. Verma, Aman K. Gupta

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a transformative technology in the automotive sector, enabling intelligent features, real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. This paper explores the role and integration of IoT in smart automotive systems. It delves into the architecture, key components, communication protocols, and applications such as remote diagnostics, connected infotainment, and fleet management. Furthermore, challenges in security, latency, and standardization are discussed. Through comprehensive analysis and case studies, the paper highlights how IoT is reshaping the future of mobility.

Keywords: Internet of Things, Automotive IoT, Smart Vehicles, V2X Communication, Remote Diagnostics, Connected Car, Intelligent Transportation Systems

Author: S. Gaudham Babu, M. Gopala Krishnan, C. Panneerselvam

Abstract: 

The main objective of this work is to compare the two proposed configurations of vertical axis wind turbine with and without load condition. It involves fabrication of two proposed configuration of same capacity of 150 W and testing rpm for the model, for various wind velocity and comparing power obtained. Performance of VAWT such as coefficient of power is flow around the blade. A great degree of design versatility in vertical axis turbine gives the economically viable energy solution for remote area, by analysing a drawback such as poor self-start, low initial torque and low coefficient of power should be overcome for majority of wind generation in vertical axis type. Vertical axis turbine has various configurations in nature. However, there are certain advantages and disadvantages with different configurations. Horizontal axis turbine is used in wind power generation, VAWT due to lower efficiency they are not used majorly in power generation but VAWT has certain advantages over HAWT such as operational independence of wind direction owing to its vertical axis operation it does not require yaw mechanism, simplicity in construction and maintenance. A detailed review on various configurations available till now and the work done on the each configuration must be studied. The various parameters that must be analysed thoroughly for the performance improvement include type of blade, number of blade and blade angle, tip-speed ratio and forces acting on the blade with respect to the wind velocity and altitude of wind turbine.

Keywords: Savonius, Tip-speed ratio, C_P

Author: Muhammed Shabeeb, Faheem

Abstract: Cellular Manufacturing is a model for workplace design, and has become an integral part of, which seeks to take full advantage of the similarity between parts, through standardization and common processing. The major advantage is that material flow is significantly improved, which reduces the distance travelled by materials, inventory and cumulative lead times. Cellular Manufacturing employs setup reduction and gives the workers the tools to be multi process, operating multiple processes, and multifunctional, owning quality improvements, waste reduction, and simple machine maintenance. Rather than processing multiple parts before sending them on to the next machine or process step (as is the case in batch-and-queue, or large-lot production), cellular manufacturing aims to move products through the manufacturing process one-piece at a time, at a rate determined by customers' needs. Cellular manufacturing can also provide companies with the flexibility to vary product type or features on the production line in response to specific customer demands. The approach seeks to minimize the time.

Keywords: Cellular Manufacturing, Three Wheeler, PFA Algorithm, Group Technology

Author: Prof. U. A. Vibhute,   B. R. Dube, D. A. Gavali, P .N. Lokhande , P. R. Satpute

Abstract: Nowadays, there is an increase in the number of vehicles releasing pollutantsin the environment that are hazardous for human being. Till now, EGR, SCR and catalyst convertershave been used to reduce percentage of NOx in the environment. This paper presents a new technique to reduce emissions from CI Engines. This paper presents a design of venture, a principle on which EGR system works. An exhaust reduction technique by using venture and urine solution is also suggested.

 Keywords: CI Engine, NOx, ERD, Venturi, Hydro carbon, ammonia.

Authors:-Hitesh Kumar Prajapat

Abstract:-Most of the research are petrol engine use of the generators in Domestic purpose, but in this paper are Dual fuel petrol engine in use of generator, the main purpose of this device are low fuel consumption and take required output. The two major parts are control, first is smoke emission control and second is fuels are easy to available and cheap. In this generator are Alternative fuels are use LPG and Petrol. This device are noise produce comparatively other generators. The alternative fuel does not completely replace the petrol, but rather both fuels work together in harmony to provide an efficient combustion process. The performance of engine betters other petrol engine and can say environment friendly this engine.

Author: Dr. Meenakshi Rao, Arjun Deshmukh

Abstract: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications form the backbone of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), enabling real-time data exchange among vehicles and infrastructure for improved safety, efficiency, and automation. These technologies leverage Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), 5G, and edge computing to provide low-latency communication crucial for applications like collision avoidance, traffic signal optimization, and autonomous vehicle coordination. This paper explores the core technologies, architectures, and real-world applications of V2V and V2I communication systems, emphasizing their benefits and challenges. With automotive connectivity evolving rapidly, V2V and V2I are poised to redefine urban mobility, traffic management, and vehicular safety worldwide.

Keywords: V2V Communication, V2I Communication, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), DSRC, 5G, Latency, Automotive Networking, Autonomous Driving.

Author: Subramanian Rajendran

Abstract: In our country, there are many thousands of physically challenged persons who use the same old vehicles meant for handicapped persons. Normally, a handicapped vehicle does not have reverse gear. We want to overcome these difficulties of handicapped people by implementing our project, presented in this paper, whose main aim is to help physically challenged persons to move their vehicle in reverse without the help of others. It consists of three shafts with a keyway cutting and four spur gears. Driver shaft consists of compound gear arrangement. Gear 1 and Gear 2 are main gears, Gear 3 is idler gear which is to transmit power from gear 2 to gear 4 for forward motion and gear 4 is a driven gear that is mounted with driven shaft. The driven shaft consists of a sprocket that is connected with a chain arrangement that allows rear wheel to rotate. Lever is used in gear setup to change the gear in forward and reverse motion while supporting plate is used for mounting three shafts. Shifting of gears arrangement is provided to change the gear in forward and reverse motion. When the gear is shifted from right to left, it makes the vehicle move forward. When the gear is shifted from left to right, it moves the vehicle in a reverse direction. It is normally based on messing of gears.

Keywords: Reverse Gear Mechanism, Engine, Shaft, Forward Motion, Reverse Motion

Author: Margaret H. Brandon, Jill Bradshaw

Abstract: Vehicle Chassis is the main support structure of the vehicle which is also known as ‘Frame’. It bears all the stresses on the vehicle in both static and dynamic conditions. In a vehicle, it is analogous to the skeleton in living organisms. Every vehicle whether it is a two-wheeler or a car or a truck has a chassis-frame. However, its form obviously varies with the vehicle type. In this article we will discuss the main functions of chassis with its different types and applications followed by conclusion

Keywords: Automotive chassis, Vehicle, Chassis-frame, Radiator

Author: P. A. Jaiswal, Dr. T. R. Deshmukh

Abstract: The increasing trends and demands in the automotive world, there is always tug and tie between the designer and customer. To cope with the existing competition in the modern times there is always need for great improvement in compatibility of the engine models. The efficiency of IC Engine is reduced and fuel consumption is increased. The Lots of research works are carried out to increase the efficiency of IC Engine and reduce fuel consumption by using method such as Laser Surface Textured (LST) method, Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) method. Piston is the one of the main part of IC engine. The function of piston is transfer the pressure to the crank through the connecting rod. Generally piston is made by cast iron and aluminum alloy. As we know that by using of ceramic material coating on piston, the performance of IC Engine can be increased. The study is a comparative evaluation was made between the temperature distributions of the uncoated aluminum silica alloy piston and the ceramic coated piston. The Ansys is done by using Ansys 16.0 software.

Keywords: Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC), Laser Surface Textured (LST), Ceramic materials, aluminum silica alloy, piston, ANSYS 16.0 software

Authors:-Manthan Revankar, Bhimangouda Patil, Abhishek Navalgund, Muzammil Bhavikatti, Prof. S. P. Dodamani

Abstract:- The development of the chain drive helped make the bicycle that we know today possible. The chain drive eliminated the need to have the cyclist directly above the wheel. Instead the cyclist could be positioned between the two wheels for better balance. More recently, bicycles with a shaft drive have been developed and it is slowly changing the bike industry. They both have unique advantages and can produce nearly the same efficiency. This paper illustrates the characteristics of the two alternate drive mechanisms, chain drive and shaft drive. After carefully examining the two alternatives, the conventional shaft drive was selected for the project since its cost and flexibility were determined to be better suited for the project. The shaft drive has been developed more recently and only few companies are manufacturing those types. The shaft drive uses a shaft instead of a chain to transmit power from the rider’s legs to the wheels. The number of the shaft drive manufacturers is increasing and public interests are growing as well. It is slowly changing the bike industry.

Abstract: Battery Management Systems (BMS) play a crucial role in optimizing the performance, safety, and lifecycle of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. As the automotive industry transitions toward sustainable mobility, BMS technology has evolved significantly. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the core functions and design strategies of BMS, including state estimation, thermal control, and protection mechanisms. It also explores recent advancements such as wireless BMS, artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostics, and cloud-connected energy analytics. With EVs becoming mainstream, BMS will determine not only battery safety and longevity but also vehicle performance and user experience.

Keywords: Battery Management System, Electric Vehicles, Cell Balancing, Thermal Management, Wireless BMS, AI Diagnostics, Energy Analytics

Author: Priya Mehra, Rohit Verma.

Abstract: Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) have emerged as crucial parameters in defining the comfort, performance, and perceived quality of modern vehicles. With the rise in consumer expectations and electric vehicle integration, NVH control has become more significant than ever before. This paper explores the sources and classifications of NVH, various technologies and materials used for its reduction, testing methods, and case studies from the automotive industry. A detailed look at active and passive NVH solutions is provided, along with the impact of vehicle electrification. The study concludes that a multidisciplinary approach, combining mechanical design, acoustic engineering, and digital modeling, is essential for achieving superior NVH performance in next-generation vehicles.

Keywords: NVH, acoustic materials, electric vehicles, active noise control, automotive vibration, ride comfort, structural damping

Author: Dr. Kavita Sharma, Ankit Mehra

Abstract: Hydrogen fuel cell technology is gaining momentum as a clean energy alternative in the automotive sector. With zero tailpipe emissions, high energy density, and rapid refueling capabilities, hydrogen-powered vehicles present a compelling case for sustainable mobility. This paper discusses the working principles of hydrogen fuel cells, their advantages over battery electric vehicles, challenges in implementation such as storage and infrastructure, and recent technological advancements. A comparative analysis of current fuel cell vehicles, government policies, and future prospects is also presented. Through careful evaluation, this study underscores hydrogen's role as a game-changing energy vector in decarbonizing the transportation sector.

Keywords: Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Automotive Applications, Sustainable Transportation, Zero Emissions, PEMFC, Hydrogen Infrastructure

Author: Dr. Kavita Deshmukh, Rohan Malhotra

Abstract: With the escalating demand for environmentally sustainable transportation, the development of lightweight materials has emerged as a vital approach for enhancing fuel efficiency. This paper explores the correlation between vehicle weight and fuel economy, emphasizing the materials that enable weight reduction without compromising safety or performance. Lightweight metals, composites, and advanced polymers are evaluated in terms of their mechanical, thermal, and economic properties. The paper also analyzes real-world case studies, manufacturing implications, and future research trends. By identifying challenges and breakthroughs in material science, the research underscores the transformative role of light weighting in modern automotive design

Keywords: Lightweight Materials, Fuel Efficiency, Automotive Materials, Composites, Vehicle Weight Reduction, Structural Optimization, Sustainability

Author: Dr. Neeraj V. Kulkarni, Megha T. Reddy

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the automotive industry by enabling autonomous driving systems that promise enhanced safety, convenience, and traffic efficiency. This paper explores how AI technologies—such as machine learning, computer vision, deep neural networks, and sensor fusion—are integrated into various levels of driving automation. From perception and decision-making to motion planning and control, AI is pivotal in mimicking and even surpassing human driving capabilities. We discuss the challenges, architectures, and real-world applications of AI-driven vehicles, highlighting both technological advancements and ethical considerations.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Vehicles, Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Sensor Fusion, Decision-Making, Self-Driving Cars

Author: Dr. Priya Nair, Mr. Raghav Sharma

Abstract: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have emerged as a transformative technology in the automotive sector, aiming to enhance road safety and reduce accident rates. By integrating sensors, cameras, radar, and artificial intelligence algorithms, ADAS supports drivers in decision-making, hazard detection, and vehicle control. This paper explores the principles, components, and operational strategies of ADAS, highlighting its role in collision avoidance, lane discipline, pedestrian safety, and adaptive cruise control. The study further examines industry applications, regulatory challenges, and future prospects, with a focus on integrating autonomous functionalities to create safer mobility ecosystems. Findings indicate that ADAS deployment can potentially reduce accident-related fatalities by over 40%, provided that user awareness, infrastructure readiness, and regulatory frameworks evolve concurrently. The paper concludes by emphasizing that ADAS is not just a driver aid, but a critical step towards fully autonomous transportation systems

Keywords: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, ADAS, Road Safety, Collision Avoidance, Lane Keeping, Intelligent Transport Systems

Author: Dr. Ananya Sharma, Rahul Mehta

Abstract: Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as a transformative technology in the automotive sector, particularly within the domain of dashboards and Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs). By superimposing digital information over the real-world driving environment, AR dashboards aim to enhance situational awareness, reduce driver distraction, and improve safety. Human-Machine Interfaces have evolved from traditional instrument clusters to immersive, interactive platforms that deliver contextually relevant data in real time. This paper explores the core principles, technological foundations, design considerations, and practical applications of AR dashboards and HMIs. It also highlights integration challenges, such as latency, cost, and user adaptation, while presenting future trends including AI-driven personalization and 5G-enabled data streaming. Furthermore, the paper examines case studies of leading automotive manufacturers employing AR technologies and provides a comparative analysis of traditional versus AR-based dashboards. The aim is to present a comprehensive perspective on how AR dashboards and HMIs are redefining the driving experience, paving the way for intelligent, connected, and safe transportation systems.

Keywords: Augmented Reality, Human-Machine Interface, Automotive Technology, Driver Assistance, Immersive Dashboards, Connected Vehicles, In-Vehicle Interaction.

Author:-Dr. Nemailal Tarafder

Abstract:-MOBILTECH today covers not only isolation and safety but also focuses on comfort and style. Textiles in transportation are classified as technical because of the very high performance specification and special properties required. Automotive textile is that part of textiles which is used in accordance with the vehicles, i.e, it is widely used in automotive industry right from light weight vehicles to a heavy truck or duty vehicles. Innovative automotive textiles of the future will have offer enhanced foundations, while at the same time being made from environmentally sustainable materials and offering lighter weight, all at the same or reduced costs.

Authors:-Naresh. V, Prabhakar. S

Abstract:-The world’s energy situation, whether in developing industrialized countries, while it has meanwhile become common knowledge that today’s main resources such as coal, crude oil, natural gas and even nuclear energy will became scary with next generation, the renewable sources such as hydro, wind, solar and bioenergy are gaining more and more importance. SI engines using natural gas can run at higher compression ratios, thus producing higher thermal efficiency but also increased un burned hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (co). Lemon grass oil Derived from lemon grass is considered as good alternative to petroleum fuels. The main aim of the project is to test the emission of 4-stroke engine using lemon grass oil without any fuel mixture for the combustion process. In this project, we used lemon grass oil from lemon grass plant and with various blends like methyl, ethyl, butyl. The ethyl, methyl, butyl is mixed with lemon grass oil through transesterification, blending, pyrolysis, dilution processes. The comparison of performance, thermal efficiency, NOx emission, CO emission, hydrocarbon emission, cylinder pressure etc are calculated in testing engine; however further refinement and optimization of engine, fuel injection, compression ratio, etc in system is needed.

Authors:-Priyal Lokhandkar, Dr. C. R. Patil

Abstract:-This paper reviews numerical methods and analysis procedures used in the study of automotive disc brake. It covers Finite element Method approaches in the automotive industry, the complex Contact analysis. The advantages and limitations of each approach will examine. This review can help analysts to choose right methods and make decisions on new areas of method development. It points out some outstanding issues in modeling and analysis of disc brake squeal and proposes new conceptual design of the disk braking system. It is found that the complex Contact analysis is still the approach favored by the automotive industry.

Author: Dr. Ananya Verma, Rahul Mehta

Abstract:  The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in autonomous driving systems marks a significant leap towards the realization of fully self-driving vehicles. AI algorithms enhance perception, decision-making, and control mechanisms, enabling vehicles to navigate complex environments with minimal human intervention. This paper examines the role of AI in object detection, predictive modeling, adaptive control, and ethical decision-making in autonomous driving. The research also explores the challenges of AI integration, including data reliability, safety, legal concerns, and computational limitations. Advancements in deep learning, sensor fusion, and reinforcement learning are discussed, alongside the impact of AI on the future of transportation.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Vehicles, Deep Learning, Sensor Fusion, Reinforcement Learning, Ethical AI

Author: Dr. Raghav Sharma, Ms. Priya Nair

Abstract: This paper presents an in-depth exploration of aerodynamic optimization techniques for enhancing both performance and energy efficiency in modern vehicles. As the automotive industry increasingly seeks to balance speed, fuel economy, and environmental sustainability, aerodynamic design has emerged as a key engineering focus. Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD), wind tunnel testing, and innovative body shaping, manufacturers are minimizing drag and maximizing stability. This study reviews the fundamental aerodynamic principles, cutting-edge optimization methods, and integration of active aerodynamic systems in high-performance and energy-efficient vehicles.

 Keywords: : Aerodynamics, Drag Reduction, CFD, Energy Efficiency, High-Performance Vehicles, Active Aerodynamics