Abstract: Battery Management Systems (BMS) play a crucial role in optimizing the performance, safety, and lifecycle of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. As the automotive industry transitions toward sustainable mobility, BMS technology has evolved significantly. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the core functions and design strategies of BMS, including state estimation, thermal control, and protection mechanisms. It also explores recent advancements such as wireless BMS, artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostics, and cloud-connected energy analytics. With EVs becoming mainstream, BMS will determine not only battery safety and longevity but also vehicle performance and user experience.
Keywords: Battery Management System, Electric Vehicles, Cell Balancing, Thermal Management, Wireless BMS, AI Diagnostics, Energy Analytics
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