Journal of Automotive Engineering & Technology ISSN: 3107-7390 (Online)

Authors:-Priyanka P.Gangurde, Siddhant R. Patil 

Abstract:-An electric-vehicle battery (EVB) or traction battery is a battery used to power the propulsion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Vehicle batteries are usually a secondary (rechargeable) battery. Traction batteries are used in forklifts, electric golf carts, riding floor scrubbers, electric motorcycles, electric cars, trucks, vans, and other electric vehicles.

 

Electric-vehicle batteries differ from starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) batteries because they are designed to give power over sustained periods of time. Deep-cycle batteries are used instead of SLI batteries for these applications. Traction batteries must be designed with a high ampere-hour capacity. Batteries for electric vehicles are characterized by their relatively high power-to-weight ratio, energy-to-weight ratio and energy density; smaller, lighter batteries reduce the weight of the vehicle and improve its performance. In this paper different types of electric car batteries are studied and it is found that lithium ion batteries are most useful for electric vehicle car.

 

Author: Prajwal Chatra, Seetharama K S

Abstract: In this work, models of air-less tire is constructs to simulate the loading condition. Air-less tire, air-tire are modelled by AUTODESK modelling software. Model imported from AUTODESK to ANSYS to simulate the static compressive loading condition. Both were analyzed through Non-Linear material model. A uniformly distributed center load acting at the center of tyre rim acting downwards. The tire is made by rubber of the hyper-elastic property. Both tires are analyzed by the FEA. Comparison is done between airless and air tyre for deflection and stress parameter.

Keywords: Airless Tyre, Static Forces, AUTODESK

Authors: S. B. Bhoyar, A. R. Wasnik

Abstract: Looking to the present industrial scenario, Light material is increasingly demands of Industry for different application. Especially in automobile sector the reduction in weight of vehicle is the challenge for inventors. As the weight of vehicle is proportional to engines performance. To make up this demand of light material, large work has been done on ceramic and its advancement. But due to its high cost it is only using for specific applications such as high-speed cars and airplanes. To overcome this problem inventor has started in search of alternative material that will be cheaper than ceramics and fulfill the industrial demands. Polymer material plays an important role being as cheaper and light material. Because of significant properties polymer material are increasingly used in different industry for different applications. As far as concern with machine wear is the measure parameter that decreased the machine performance, machine life as some of machine component get worn out due to continuous and heavy working under the harsh operating conditions such as at high temperature zone, heavy load or either at high speed. In such application ordinary polymer material are not suitable when it is to be used for harsh operating conditions. PEEK is the one of the solution amongst the polymer. With outstanding mechanical property, PEEK is helps in a replacement of new polymer material for number of application. In some application pure PEEK also lacks its physical as well as mechanical properties, therefore Advancement in the PEEK is the real challenge for scientist composite. This paper gives us outlook regarding development of new polymer composite and study of its characterization under the harsh operating condition.

Keywords : Light material, ceramic, Advancement in PEEK, High temperature, High velocity, PEEK (poly- ether-ether-keton), Wear, Coefficient of friction.

Author: Dr. Aakash Verma, Ms. Priya Nandakumar

Abstract: Additive Manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, has emerged as a transformative technology in the automotive sector, enabling innovative approaches in component design, prototyping, and production. This paper explores the applications of AM in manufacturing automotive components, focusing on its advantages in reducing material waste, enhancing design flexibility, and supporting lightweight construction. It analyzes the integration of AM into production lines, evaluates cost and time benefits, and examines case studies of leading manufacturers adopting AM. Furthermore, the paper discusses current limitations, including scalability and material constraints, and outlines potential future developments in automotive AM technologies.

Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, Automotive Components, 3D Printing, Lightweight Design, Rapid Prototyping, Smart Manufacturing.

Author: Vijaykumar S Ghorade, Sanchit B. Dhotre

Abstract: Muffler is a device for reducing the amount of noise emitted by the exhaust of an internal combustion engine. Muffler is engineered as an acoustic sound proofing device designed to reduce the loudness of the sound pressure created by the engine by way of acoustic quieting. Mufflers are designed to dampen the high intensity pressure pulse generated by the combustion process from an internal combustion engine. The present work describes various exhaust noises, vibration and their contribution. Frequency, vibration and noise technique is studied through energy flow.  Hence, it is necessary to study the behavior of muffler by analyzing the vibration modes and vibration response. The muffler is modeled using CATIA V5 and FEM is carried out for muffler using Altair pre-processing tool. The analysis is done using ANSYS R15.0 the frequencies and mode shapes are found. The results obtained from CAE simulation is compared with experiment using FFT analyzer. The mode shapes and frequencies are found for both without modification and with modification and the results are compared with each other.

Keywords: Muffler Silencer, FEA, ANSYS

Authors: Priyanka Gangurde, Akshay Wagh

Abstract: Spherical plain bearings are used to accommodate shafts or rods with varying amount of misalignment. They are designed to manage high radial loads and to provide consistent performance under condition of extreme speed and critical stresses. One of the application of this bearing is vehicle suspension. There is wide range of spherical plain bearing which can be used to withstand high alternating loads, shock loads and radial loads with unilateral load direction. In this seminar, the aim is to select proper type spherical plain bearing as a replacement to ball joint which is going to accommodate at the knuckle end of upper and lower arm of front suspension of QUAD BIKE and to carry out analysis of spherical plain bearing by using FEM method. It has been seen that there is better performance of spherical plain bearing than the ball joint and having wide range of load carrying capacity. The study consists of selection of bearing size which includes, 1) Load rating 2) Rating life 3) Specific bearing load 4) Temperature conditions and 5) Design of bearing arrangements. Load rating includes static as well as dynamic load rating. Dynamic load rating is used for calculations when the bearing is subjected to dynamic stress. Dynamic stresses occur when tilting, oscillatory or rotational movements are made under load, e.g. resulting from vibrations, or loads which are applied alternately at high frequency. Static load rating represents the load which is taken by bearing when static contact stress of bearing contact surface reaches the material stress limit and it remain stationary under load and it is considered when dynamically loaded bearings are subjected to heavy shock loads. For accounting the loads, lots of research and efforts have been done in this field to reduce mechanical failures and improved sustainability by using spherical plain bearing. FEM analysis is carried out on HYPERWORKS and analytical modelling in CATIA. So the conclusion shows use of spherical plain bearing over ball joint in suspension of ATV vehicle is more helpful & provides motion at higher angle of rotation.

Keywords : Keywords: FEM analysis, QUAD BIKE, Spherical Plain Bearing 

Authors: Vaibhav D. Paliwal, Ankit V. Ramteke, Mayur M Waghmare, Harshjeet Kothekar

Abstract: With the increasing levels of technology, the efforts being put to produce any kind of work has been continuously decreasing. The effort required in achieving the desired output can be effectively and economically be decreased by the implementation of better designs. Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is adjusted by turning a lead screw and this adjustment can be done either manually or electrically. Most people are familiar with the jack (manually operated) that is still included as standard equipment with most new cars. In the repair and maintenance of automobiles, it is often necessary to raise an automobile to change a tire or access the undesirable of the automobile. Accordingly, a variety of car jacks have been developed for lifting an automobile from a ground surface. Thus to overcome the manual effort of human being the screw jack is operated on the electricity by means of D.C. motor.

Author: Bharath M N

Abstract: The hot gases which generate from combustion of fuel passes1through the exhaust system of the automobile as they form the passage for the hot gases and released to the atmosphere, Hence they are subjected to2very high temperature. Exhaust system of an automobile consist of three parts such as exhaust manifold, catalytic converter and silencer out of those silencer having very short life span as there is lot of restriction provided to the flow of hot gases due to complex geometry in order to reduce the noise level hence gases staying more time in this section as compare to other two part of exhaust system. Hence that area needs to be focused during design phase. The uniform heat distribution over the entire exhaust system is important for ensuing enhanced1life of elements in the2sub-system. This problem is important to identify and to assess the uniform heat flow along the passage of hot gases and design the passage or2passage surface to minimize the harmful effects of hot-spots over the length of the silencer, especially at the outer body of silencer.

Author: Dr. Ananya Sharma, Rahul Verma

Abstract: Predictive maintenance in the automotive industry leverages the capabilities of IoT sensors and big data analytics to anticipate potential failures before they occur, reducing downtime, costs, and safety risks. This paper explores the architecture, benefits, and challenges of integrating IoT-enabled predictive maintenance in modern vehicles. It discusses how real-time data collection, cloud computing, and machine learning algorithms can work together to monitor vehicle health, detect anomalies, and predict component failures with high accuracy. Furthermore, the paper highlights case studies from leading automotive companies and outlines the technological, operational, and regulatory considerations for successful implementation. The findings indicate that predictive maintenance systems can enhance vehicle performance, prolong lifespan, and reduce operational costs, paving the way for smarter, safer, and more sustainable transportation systems.

Keywords:  IoT, Big Data, Predictive Maintenance, Automotive Systems, Machine Learning, Vehicle Health Monitoring.

Authors: K M Akkol, Nagaraj Kambar

Abstract: In this paper thermal and static loading conditions were analysed for uncoated and coated with insulation on IC Engine piston, which is made of aluminium alloy. The insulation material used was Zirconium. The analysis was carried out by means of a commercial code, ANSYS workbench. The effects of coating on the thermal behaviour of the piston were investigated and thermal, static stresses are plotted. The thickness of Zirconium insulation was varied from 0.2mm, 0.3mm and 0.4mm and compared the theoretical and computational values of mechanical and thermal stresses. The error observed during analysis was 2.06% for mechanical stresses and 8.9% for thermal stresses. The minimum temperature and stresses were found at insulation thickness of 0.4mm.

Authors: Amjad Khan¹, Sunil. P. Chaphalkar², Anand Mohan Kamble³

Abstract : 

Disclosed herein is a method of operating a triple-clutch transmission. The transmission includes a main clutch and first and second clutches. The method includes shifting to first gear in such a way that the main clutch enters an engaged state while the first clutch is in a pre-engaged state and a second clutch is in a disengaged state. The method further includes shifting to second or higher gear in such a way that the main clutch maintains the engaged state and the first clutch and the second clutch alternately enter an engaged state and a disengaged state. The method further includes shifting to reverse gear in such a way that the main clutch enters the engaged state from the disengaged state while the second clutch is in a pre-engaged state and the first clutch is in the disengaged state.

Keyword : 

: Automotive Transmission System

Authors: Vijaykumar S. Ghorade, Sanchit B. Dhotre, Pramod R. Dabhade, Mangesh R. Dhage, Prasanna B. Gajghane

Abstract: Regenerative Braking System is the way of slowing vehicle by using the motors as brakes. Instead of the surplus energy of the vehicle being wasted as unwanted heat, the motors act as generators and return some of it to the overhead wires as electricity. The vehicle is primarily powered from the electrical energy generated from the generator, which burns gasoline. This energy is stored in a large battery, and used by an electric motor that provides motive force to the wheels. The regenerative braking taking place on the vehicle is a way to obtain more efficiency; instead of converting kinetic energy to thermal energy through frictional braking, the vehicle can convert a good fraction of its kinetic energy back into charge in the battery, using the same principle as an alternator.

Author: Durairaju S. R, Logesh R., Praveen Raju, Ramprasath S. M.

Abstract: Turbochargers are used widely in automotive industries and it increases the output of internal combustion engine (IC) without the need to increase its cylinder capacity. The mechanical device enables automotive manufacturers to adopt small displacement engines known as “Engine downsizing”. In earlier days, turbochargers are used to increase the potential of powerful IC engine. In today world is to provide a feasible engineering solution to manufacturing economics and “Greener” road vehicles. The reasons behind turbochargers are becoming more popular in automobile applications. Our aim is to provide the techniques used in turbocharging to increase the engine output and reduce the exhaust emission levels.

Keywords: Intercooler, IC engine, Turbocharger, Volumetric efficiency

Author: Dr. Rohan Mehta, Ms. Priya Sharma

Abstract: Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) is a critical aspect in modern automotive design, directly influencing customer satisfaction, vehicle performance, and regulatory compliance. Advancements in materials science, computational simulations, and testing methodologies have enabled engineers to achieve unprecedented reductions in NVH levels while improving vehicle comfort and safety. This paper presents a detailed exploration of NVH sources, analysis techniques, and optimization strategies in contemporary vehicles. Emphasis is placed on the integration of active noise control systems, advanced damping materials, and structural design improvements. Case studies and tabulated results highlight the effectiveness of modern NVH optimization tools. The research concludes with emerging trends, such as AI-assisted NVH prediction models and sustainable material choices, shaping the next generation of automotive engineering.

Keywords: Noise, vibration, harshness, active noise control, automotive design, damping materials, AI-assisted NVH optimization.

Author: Dr. Meera Kapoor, Er. Kunal Raj

Abstract: The automotive industry is undergoing a transformative shift towards lightweight materials to enhance fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve overall performance. This paper explores recent advancements in lightweight automotive materials, focusing on metals, composites, and hybrid structures. Key innovations such as high-strength steel, aluminum alloys, carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, and magnesium components are examined for their mechanical properties, cost-effectiveness, and manufacturability. Furthermore, the paper discusses design optimization techniques, joining technologies, and the trade-offs between weight reduction and safety. By analyzing case studies and industry applications, this study presents a comprehensive overview of how lightweight materials contribute to the sustainability and performance of modern vehicles.

Keywords: Lightweight Materials, Fuel Efficiency, Automotive Design, Carbon Fiber, Aluminum Alloys, High-Strength Steel.

Authors: Prajwal chatra, Seetharama K S

Abstract: The paper is aimed to analyze and get a further understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the tire by means of computing modal analysis. We attempt to study how the amplitude of exciting force and loading changes affect the tire modal analysis which lays a foundation for applying the tire modal test into practical use. And it takes advantage of ANSYS to set up the finite element model of the tire and to analyze the tire structural dynamics, and it also studies the law of tire’s dynamic characteristics and its reason.

Authors: Ningappa. S Nidasosi, S. N.Topannavar, Sahebagoouda Sanganagoudar 

Abstract: Current energy policies are addressing environmental issues, climate change and encouraging cleaner energy. Air pollution becomes major threat for leaving being due to fossil fuel consumption. As far as India is concerned world’s 3rd largest fossil fuel consumption takes place which puts obstacles for social and economic development. Simplest route is vegetable oil utilization in CI engine but some operational and durability problems are encountered by using direct injection of vegetable oils to CI engine due to their high viscosity and low volatility. This problem is addressed by preheating the oil with exhaust gas in a shell and tube heat exchanger which helps the saving of chemical processing cost. Present experimental studies the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of diesel and blends with hone oil (D100, B20 & B40) with preheating at different loads. Comparison of unheated and preheated of above blends are carried out by analyzing various parameters such as break thermal fuel consumption BSFC ,ISFC , thermal efficacies , powers ,mass emission of various gaseous pollutants species such as CO,HC,CO2 and NOx ,combustion parameters like indicated mean effective pressure IMEP ,BIMEP and FMEP etc. Detailed study revealed that all performance parameters are significantly increased and in case of blending the preheating provides equivalent results compared to diesel injection and better emissions. The CO, CO2 and HC are reduced 20-25% with preheating due to improved combustion but NOx emission increases due to increase in combustion temperature.

Keywords : Biodiesel, NOx emission, IC Engine, Preheated Honge Oil

Authors: P.P. Bakane, VickyBorkar, Yogesh Burghate, Vinay Pathe, Shubham Fulzele, Shubham Pahune

Abstract: The performance of internal combustion engines is strongly influenced by dust particles from the atmosphere by that passes through air filter and reaches inside the kinematic couplings of the engine. Air filters have relatively low efficiency as they are used, air filters are impregnated with a layer of fine dust and their filtering efficiency is increasing. Proper maintenance can help vehicles perform & thereby positively affecting fuel economy, emissions, and overall drivability. Previous studies shows that, replacing clogged air filter can improve vehicle fuel economy and can be significantly detrimental to fuel economy. But, a recent study showed that the fuel economy of modern gasoline vehicles is unaffected by filter clogging due to the closed loop control and throttled operation of these engines. This paper describes the various air filter cleaning methods for engines & the measured results with focus on changes in vehicle fuel economy.

Author: Dr. Meera Iyer, Karan Sethi

Abstract: Hydrogen fuel cell technology represents a promising pathway toward achieving sustainable transportation by offering zero-emission energy conversion with high efficiency. This technology harnesses the chemical energy of hydrogen to produce electricity, emitting only water vapor as a byproduct. With growing concerns over climate change and dependence on fossil fuels, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are emerging as viable alternatives to conventional and battery electric vehicles. This paper discusses the working principles of hydrogen fuel cells, their advantages, infrastructure requirements, and the challenges faced in commercialization. It also presents current advancements, integration strategies with renewable energy, and potential pathways to widespread adoption in global transportation systems.

Keywords: Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Sustainable Transportation, FCEV, Renewable Energy Integration, Zero Emission Technology.

Author: Dr. Ananya Sharma

Abstract: The rapid evolution of electric vehicles (EVs) has brought Battery Management Systems (BMS) into the spotlight as a critical enabler of performance, safety, and longevity. This paper delves into the latest advancements in EV BMS technology, focusing on intelligent monitoring, predictive analytics, thermal control, and integration with vehicle control systems. Emerging trends such as AI-powered state-of-charge estimation, cloud-connected diagnostics, and adaptive balancing strategies are discussed in depth. Additionally, the challenges of managing lithium-ion and solid-state battery chemistries, ensuring thermal stability, and meeting regulatory standards are analyzed. By exploring recent innovations and identifying future research pathways, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of how next-generation BMS solutions can accelerate EV adoption

Keywords: Electric Vehicle, Battery Management System, Thermal Management, Predictive Analytics, AI Integration, State of Charge

Author: Dr. K. Ashok Reddy 

Abstract: In a vortex tube, the incoming air was separated into two streams. One stream rejects energy, and hence becomes colder than the incoming air while the other receives the rejected energy and thus, its temperature is elevated. This can be done by either a counter flow (or) a unit flow arrangement. Many authors have presented technical papers using different methods to solve this problem in the vortex tube refrigeration industry. In this paper, we have presented a comprehensive review of different papers by erudite authors on the subject.

Keywords: Vortex tube, Refrigeration and Cooling etc.

Authors: Prathmesh. K. Bhadane, Prashant Gosavi, Ravikumar Dongarraje, SohamGeet, Mrs. Shalaka.H. Joshi

Abstract: In metropolitan cities, vehicle parking has become a major thing in all busy areas and a good traffic system necessarily a useful parking system. Different example of vehicle parking are applied universal namely Multi-level Automated Car Parking, Automated Car Parking System, Volkswagen Car Parking etc. To avoid these problems, newly many newly technologies have been developed that help in solution the parking problems to a great extent. Multi-level car parking system (MLCPS) is one such technology which is accomplish in India It is application for optimum use of parking space by utilizing vertical space rather than horizontal space. Some of the advantage of MLCPS are optimum use of space, low building cost, low operation and maintenance price to name a few. We propose a newly “smart parking†system for an urban surrounding. The system allot and appropriate an optimal parking space for a driver supported on the user’s requirements The parking space can be utilized to the highest if a multilevel parking system is designed. There exists a multilevel parking system for cars such as puzzle parking, tower parking, multi-circulation type, rotary type parking system. This Roto-Parker system can be installed with safeness installations such as, whenever there is human motion in the system, the rotation of the platforms should be instantly shut. The platforms can also be provided with safety sensors guiding the motion of vehicles in the platforms. It can be perfectly automated by integrating it with a panel board, such that whenever a especial number is called on the panel board, the particular platform should look at the ground level.

Keywords : Multi-level car parking system (MLCP), Automatic car parking system, Rotary car parking system

Authors: A.Salmon, T.R.Sydanna, M.Nagakiran, G.Sivakumar

Abstract: Now-a-days electricity is one of the dire requirements for all appliances. Electricity plays a vital role in every part of human life, like in domestic, industrial, and also for transportation purposes. In transportation we use different types of fossil fuels like petrol, diesel, natural gas which gives lot of emissions, pollution and becomes one of the cause for global warming. To reduce this effects Co-generated bike is introduced. Which has no emissions and is the most sort out solution to protect the globe. The project co-bike has been started with an intension to improve the standards in Future bikes. The cogenerated bike works with a 48volt sealed leadacid battery. Here electrical energy is generated from Renewable solar energy. Electric power costs less than about one-third of the gasoline power making these bikes more economical. The structure of the co-bike is designed in a way that it makes no noise while traveling. It is a completely noiselessness mode of transportation. Electric and solar powered Co-bikes are also environment friendly as these give zero emissions. No kind of gasoline or oil is used that adds to the increasing air pollution.

Keywords : Transportation, Noiseless, Environment, Electric

Author: Dr. Karan Mehta, Ms. Priya Nair

Abstract: The rapid evolution of high-performance electric vehicles (EVs) has created an urgent need for advanced battery thermal management systems (BTMS) to ensure optimal operation, safety, and longevity. Excessive heat generation during high discharge rates, fast charging, and continuous cycling can degrade battery performance and lead to safety hazards. Innovations in liquid cooling, phase change materials, heat pipes, and advanced thermal interface materials are reshaping the way thermal management is approached in automotive battery design. This paper reviews recent developments, evaluates their effectiveness, and discusses future directions for creating efficient and sustainable thermal management solutions for high-performance EV batteries.

Keywords: Thermal Management, Battery Cooling, Phase Change Materials, Heat Pipes, Electric Vehicles, Automotive Batteries

Author: Dr. Meena Sharma, Rohit Kapoor.

Abstract: Hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) has emerged as a transformative technology in environmental monitoring, offering unprecedented spectral detail and the capability to detect, identify, and quantify Earth surface materials and processes. With hundreds of narrow spectral bands, HRS enables precise discrimination of vegetation species, detection of subtle changes in water quality, and monitoring of soil contamination. Recent advancements in satellite and airborne platforms, coupled with sophisticated data processing algorithms, have expanded the scope of applications in environmental management, disaster assessment, and climate change studies. This paper reviews advanced applications of hyperspectral remote sensing in environmental monitoring, emphasizing case studies in vegetation health assessment, water pollution detection, and mineral mapping. Challenges related to data volume, atmospheric correction, and integration with other geospatial datasets are discussed, along with future research directions aimed at operationalizing hyperspectral data for real-time environmental decision-making.

Keywords: : Hyperspectral Remote Sensing, Environmental Monitoring, Vegetation Health, Water Pollution, Mineral Mapping