Journal of Applied Business, Economics and Strategic Management ISSN: 3139-1664 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Kavita Reddy, Mr. Arjun Kapoor

Abstract: Corporate governance encompasses the systems, principles, and processes by which companies are directed and controlled. This paper explores the relationship between corporate governance practices and firm performance, analyzing the mechanisms through which governance influences efficiency, profitability, and sustainability. By examining governance frameworks, stakeholder engagement, and board structures, this study highlights the significant role governance plays in enhancing firm value and long-term performance in competitive markets.

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Firm Performance, Board Structure, Stakeholder Engagement, Corporate Value

Authors: Anika Mehta, Rohan Kapoor

Abstract: In today's interconnected world, businesses face unprecedented risks arising from political instability, economic fluctuations, technological disruptions, and global pandemics. Effective business risk management (BRM) is crucial for navigating these uncertainties and ensuring sustainable performance. This paper explores strategies, frameworks, and tools for managing risks in a volatile global economy. By examining literature, case studies, and empirical data, the study highlights the importance of risk identification, assessment, mitigation, and monitoring. The findings indicate that organizations employing proactive risk management frameworks achieve greater resilience, operational continuity, and competitive advantage. The paper also discusses challenges in implementing risk management practices and provides recommendations for integrating BRM into strategic decision-making.

Keywords: Business risk management, global economy, risk assessment, risk mitigation, strategic planning, operational continuity, resilience.

Authors: Shivani Gupta, Rohan Patel

Abstract: Business cycle fluctuations significantly influence strategic business management, impacting firm performance, investment decisions, and long-term planning. This paper examines the effects of economic expansions and contractions on strategic management practices, including resource allocation, risk mitigation, and operational planning. Drawing from historical data, case studies, and theoretical frameworks, the study analyzes how businesses adapt to cyclical variations to maintain stability and competitive advantage. The research highlights the importance of proactive management strategies, such as diversification, flexible operations, and financial resilience, in navigating economic volatility. The findings suggest that firms that integrate business cycle considerations into strategic planning are better positioned to optimize performance and mitigate risks associated with economic fluctuations.

Keywords: Business cycle, strategic management, economic fluctuations, risk mitigation, investment planning, organizational performance, operational flexibility.

Authors: Chandra Sekhar Dash

Abstract: Over the last few years, the movement for fairness and equality between men and women has found renewed energy and conviction around the world. In public life, in politics, in business and across different economic sectors, women and men have been working for change and a world where economic opportunity is no longer shaped and constrained by being a man or a woman. Evidence is an essential tool in shaping public policy and social progress. To support the cause of gender equality, we need to understand values, perceptions and attitudes, the speed of change or the failure to realise it, and the drivers and barriers along the way towards building a fairer world. The first and most powerful step in gender parity is participation in politics. Hence, attempt is made in this article to evidence the barriers that obstruct the process in achieving gender parity and suggest measures to overcome it. Although there is no paucity of research in women studies, focus on their political acumen are rare. The methodology has relied on extensive review of literature as secondary source of data and the findings of the study indicated that the continued gender gap in leadership roles around the world is strikingly alarming. Today, women make up half the world’s workforce and the majority of college graduates, yet they hold only about a quarter of leadership roles. In politics, women around the world last year held just 25.2% of parliamentary seats and 21.2% of ministerial positions. According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap 2020. Only 68 of the 153 countries covered by the report have had a female head of state in the past 50 years. The findings of the study indicated that if we are serious about achieving the development goals, we’ve set ourselves, we need to be serious about empowering women, and especially girls, to learn, lead, decide and thrive. Developing the leadership capacity of girls in particular not only helps them to secure better livelihoods and better health today, but can also create a generation capable of delivering future change. Women’s political participation is a crucial accelerator of progress. And we need to accelerate change if we are to safeguard development through better decision making.

Keywords: Women, Politics, Trials & Tribulations, Leadership

Authors: Norbert Lobo, Priya S. Shetty, Varun Jaison

Abstract: Migration plays an important role in influencing the socio economic, structural, cultural transformation of the region. As per the study conducted by Narayana et al. (2013) in Kerala, the bulk of domestic migrant labourers over 25 lakhs are from different parts of India and also from parts of Bangladesh and Nepal. The study revealed that there were only 16 lakh Keralites working abroad; which is interestingly much lesser than the migrant workers in Kerala. An attempt has been made to study the socio-economic aspects of the in-migrants in Kuthuparamba municipality. The study revealed that most of the migrants were from North Indian states. Poverty and lack of opportunities in the place of origin were the main reasons for labour migration. Higher wages with the intention of creating livelihood attracts the labourers to the place of destination.

Keywords: In- migration, Push and pull factors, Socio-economic conditions

Auther: Kowshik Raja A, Suganya R

Abstract: Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector is the fourth largest sector in India touching everybody’s life every day. The consumer behavior plays an important role in marketing of fast-moving consumer goods. This behavior is affected by various factors. In the present era of globalization needs and wants of consumer’s changes with time. The fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector contributes a lot to the growth of India’s GDP. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the changes in consumer buying behavior towards FMCG products. Through this study we can know about the preference of the consumers towards FMCG products and the factors influencing those products.

Keywords: Fast Moving Consumer Goods, Globalization, Buying Behaviour

Author:- Dr. Asha Elizabeth Thomas

Abstract:-India has been witnessing a tremendous growth in the number of social enterprises, especially during the last five to six years. Despite of this remarkable growth, the quantitative data to evaluate the actual impact of such enterprises on socio-economic development of the country is scarcely available. Moreover, there is lack of adequate empirical studies to understand the social entrepreneurship ecosystem within the country. This research is conducted to understand the landscape of social entrepreneurship in the country. Researcher has tried to identify the factors leading to the favorable growth of social enterprises and reports on the challenges faced by these enterprises in the present scenario. A gender based comparative evaluation of the organisational objectives of social enterprises were also conducted to identify whether there is any difference in them based on their leadership. Data has been collected from 122 social enterprises operating across the country in different sectors of the economy. Results show that social enterprises can offer solutions for many of the socio-economic problems faced by the country like unemployment, poverty, lack of access to education, and poor living conditions. However, there requires further interventions from the part of government and other regulatory bodies to ensure the sustainable growth of these enterprises. Priorities given to various organisational objectives showed significant differences in women-led social enterprises.

Keywords:-Social change, Social capital, Socio-economic development, Impact investing, Women social entrepreneurs.

Author: Dr. M. J. Sathish Kumar

Abstract: The management is the major aspect that affects the organization growth. Management is the rising human resources issue in this organization. The study on employee management and employee performance in private company helps the management to evaluate the main cause of management and the mental attitude of the employee towards the organization. A structured questionnaire is prepared and the data are collected from the Private Company employees. From the analysis it is inferred that the major factors for management are physical condition problem, serious workload. Certain facilities like transportation, canteen is not satisfactory to the employees. So the general performance of the employee is normal.

Keywords: Employee Management, Performance System, Corporate Companies

 

Authors: Priya Sharma, Rohan Verma

Abstract: Corporate governance has emerged as a critical factor in ensuring sustainable organizational performance. It encompasses the systems, principles, and processes by which companies are directed and controlled. The study of corporate governance is vital in understanding the mechanisms that align the interests of management, shareholders, and other stakeholders to optimize performance. This paper examines the impact of corporate governance practices on organizational performance, focusing on board structure, transparency, accountability, and risk management. The paper employs both qualitative and quantitative data drawn from existing literature and case studies to highlight key governance mechanisms. The study demonstrates that robust corporate governance positively influences organizational performance by enhancing investor confidence, improving operational efficiency, and promoting ethical decision-making. Furthermore, it identifies challenges in governance implementation and suggests measures for improvement. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, corporate managers, and researchers aiming to strengthen governance frameworks to achieve sustainable business outcomes.

Keywords: Corporate governance, organizational performance, board structure, transparency, accountability, risk management, stakeholder alignment.

Authors: Kowshik Raja A, Mathan Kumar K

Abstract: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak poses severe issues to worldwide schooling systems. Efforts to contain COVID-19 precipitated unscheduled closure of faculties in extra than one hundred nations worldwide. COVID-19 school closures left over a billion freshmen out of school. The look at investigates the effect of COVID-19 on schooling. Data had been accumulated thru dependent questionnaires administered to two hundred respondents that encompass teachers, college students, parents, and coverage makers decided on from unique nations. The outcomes display that COVID-19 has unfavorable consequences on schooling, including gaining knowledge of disruptions and reducing admission to schooling and studies facilities, Job losses, and improved pupil debts. The findings additionally display that many educators and college students trusted the generation to make sure they endured gaining knowledge online throughout the Coronavirus pandemic. However, online schooling changed into hindered with the aid of using bad infrastructures including network, power, inaccessibility and unavailability problems and bad virtual competencies. The look at underscores the unfavorable consequences of COVID-19 on the schooling zone and the want for all instructional institutions, educators, and freshmen to undertake generation and enhance their virtual competencies consistent with the rising worldwide developments and realities in schooling.

Keywords: - Coronavirus Disease, school closures, students, COVID-19.

Authors: Frackson C Viyano, Bindhu Ann Thomas

Abstract: Logistics is used more broadly to refer to the process of coordinating and moving resources, people, materials, inventory, and equipment from one location to storage at the desired destination. The term logistics originated in the military, referring to the movement of equipment and supplies to troops in the field. Logistics play a huge role in the smooth operations of a business. Inbound logistics refers to the transport, storage and delivery of goods coming into a business. Outbound logistics refers to the same for goods going out of a business. Today the most important problem faced in the cement industry is difficulty in inbound and outbound transportation. The distribution of cement from manufacturing to the ender user is a costly affair, mainly its transportation. The selling and distribution costs accounts are more than its revenue. Using more railway routes than roads, shrinking lead distance (distance between the manufacturing facility and market) and opting for sea routes wherever possible were some of the ways by which cost can come down. Inward logistics include coal and limestone transportation, while outward logistics is mostly the final product of cement. Some companies also incur the outbound logistics cost of transporting clinker to their grinding plants. For plants that are closer to the collieries, the inbound transportation costs are less.

Keywords: - Logistics, Inbound and outbound transportation, problems in cement industry.

Author: Dr. Chandra Sekhar Dash

Abstract: Nations grow through a process of development that harnesses the socio-economic resources of country through a sequence of discoveries & innovations, tested and trialled into usable goods and services, produced by means an industry and business, satisfying the needs of the society at large, through the vehicle of entrepreneurship. Originally measured in GDP or GNP, the index of national growth was factored to HDI (Human Development Index) to ensure that the wellbeing of the society is not subdued by extreme human greed for profit. Now, it’s time, the GDP needs to be factored with environmental or ecological wellbeing to ensure that the ecology or environment are not degraded that would annihilate the whole planetary system on whose existence, the existence of the whole human society thrives. Realisation that the global economy is exhausting the world’s natural resources and generating waste streams at an unprecedented scale. calls for the redesign of commercial activity that would stop the annihilating process, instilling equity & justice, and protecting environmental quality of present and future generations. These three aspects form the basis the triple bottom line concept of sustainability. Sustainability in business is not about altruism and doing what is right for its own sake but, businesses with successful strategies that are profitable as well, because they integrate considerable amount of green and clean design and resource. Sustainability innovation is about defining economic development as the creation of private and social wealth to ultimately eliminate harmful impacts on ecological systems, human health, and communities. A review of research in this field is found to be rich with corporate reporting and relates to mostly CSR. The socio-economic equality, social justice and environmental safety, as a major part of sustainability are rarely studied. Hence, in this paper an attempt is made to delve deep into the field by adopting a methodology that covers, firstly, the analysis of existing knowledge as available from secondary sources such as journals and periodicals, books published/unpublished, UN and World Bank reports, TEDx Talks, epoch-making discoveries and innovations and secondly by Participant observation and case study. The finding of the study indicated that poverty, lack of social equity and justice are as much a cause of degradation of environmental safety with growth of industrialisation. It also cited the case of the initiatives taken by a young scientist in the dept.  of botany, university of Delhi, which perfectly matches or a model of the concept of triple bottom line.

Keywords: - poverty, equity, sustainable development, triple bottom line

Authors: Dr. Mohanapriya. B, Dr. Ajitha. H

Abstract: Many people migrate from their home town to other places due to many reasons like natural disaster, political instability etc. The main reason for migration has been found to be due to economic hardship in home town and search for better livelihood. This study aims to review the economic conditions of the migrated workers in ESSA TAQUA Garments, Tirupur. The data required for the study was collected from 50 employees. The research work was supported by both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected using structured questionnaire from the main branch of ESSA TAQUA Garments, Tirupur. This analysis was done by using statistical tools like percentage method and weighted average method. The study result showed that the economic condition of the migrated workers were moderate. The management has to take steps to make the economic conditions of these workers better, in order to improve their standard of living which helps to enhance their morale: thereby improving the productivity of the organisation at large.

Keywords: - Migrated workers, Economic conditions, Standard of living, Tirupur, Migration.

Authors: Dr. Rakesh Mehra, Dr. Ananya Kapoor

ABSTRACT: Behavioral economics has emerged as a critical discipline in bridging the gap between the rational decision-making models of classical economics and the reality of human behavior in managerial contexts. This paper investigates the influence of behavioral economics on managerial decision-making by exploring the role of cognitive biases, heuristics, bounded rationality, and framing effects. It further highlights real-world applications in pricing, investment, human resources, and strategic management where behavioral insights improve outcomes. By analyzing how managers can integrate nudges and behavioral frameworks into business practices, the study emphasizes the importance of shifting from purely rational assumptions toward more human centered models. The paper concludes that embedding behavioral economics into managerial decision-making enables organizations to avoid common pitfalls, improve performance, and build sustainable competitive advantage.

KEYWORDS: Behavioral Economics, Managerial Decision-Making, Cognitive Bias, Heuristics, Rationality, Business Practices

Authors: Dr. Ramesh Kulkarni, Ms. Sneha Verma

ABSTRACT: Economic policies, ranging from fiscal reforms to monetary adjustments and regulatory interventions, directly influence how corporations design their governance structures and manage risks. Strong governance frameworks and proactive risk management practices are essential for organizational sustainability in a volatile global economy. This paper critically examines the interplay between economic policies, corporate governance, and risk management. It evaluates how taxation, interest rates, capital controls, and regulatory compliance affect board accountability, transparency, and enterprise risk frameworks. Furthermore, it highlights challenges such as policy uncertainty, global interconnectedness, and compliance costs that corporations must navigate. The discussion emphasizes the importance of adaptive strategies to align governance and risk management with shifting economic policies, ensuring both resilience and long-term competitiveness.

KEYWORDS: Economic Policies, Corporate Governance, Risk Management, Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, Regulatory Reforms, Transparency

Authors: Dr. Kavita Menon, Mr. Arjun Sinha

ABSTRACT: Digital transformation has emerged as a defining factor in shaping the economic and strategic directions of businesses worldwide. By integrating digital technologies into operations, marketing, finance, and customer relations, organizations have been able to realign their economic models and strategic priorities. This paper explores how digital transformation influences business economics by reducing costs, improving scalability, and enabling innovation. Furthermore, the study examines its impact on strategic management, highlighting decision-making agility, competitive advantage, and long-term sustainability. Challenges such as cybersecurity threats, cultural resistance, and economic volatility are also discussed. Finally, the paper provides insights into best practices for integrating digital strategies into management frameworks while balancing technological investments with economic viability.

KEYWORDS: Digital Transformation, Business Economics, Strategic Management, Technology Adoption, Competitive Advantage, Innovation

Authors: Dr. Ramesh Choudhary, Ms. Kavita Iyer

ABSTRACT: Global economic fluctuations significantly impact the sustainability and management strategies of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This paper explores how SMEs adapt to uncertainties such as inflation, currency volatility, and demand contraction. It analyzes the dynamic management strategies employed by SMEs to remain competitive, including cost optimization, digitalization, market diversification, and innovative financing approaches. The findings suggest that SMEs must adopt proactive resilience strategies to survive and grow amidst global economic turbulence.

KEYWORDS: SMEs, Global Economic Fluctuations, Management Strategies, Resilience, Digitalization

Authors: Dr. Meera Kulkarni, Mr. Rajat Sen

ABSTRACT: Sustainability has become a central theme in modern business management, requiring firms to balance environmental responsibility with economic growth. This paper examines the role of sustainable business economics in integrating ecological goals with financial performance. It explores the theoretical underpinnings of sustainability, practical strategies for green management, and the challenges businesses face in achieving a triple-bottom-line approach. The findings highlight the growing importance of renewable energy adoption, circular economy practices, and sustainable supply chains in ensuring long-term competitiveness and corporate resilience.

KEYWORDS: Sustainable Business, Environmental Economics, Green Management, Circular Economy, Triple Bottom Line

Authors: Dr. Neha Suryavanshi, Mr. Arvind Menon

ABSTRACT: Behavioral economics integrates insights from psychology and economics to explain why individuals and businesses often deviate from rational decision-making models. This paper explores the role of behavioral economics in influencing business decision-making processes. It highlights how cognitive biases, heuristics, and social influences affect managerial strategies, consumer behavior, and organizational outcomes. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of nudges, framing effects, and loss aversion in shaping sustainable business decisions. By combining theoretical insights with practical implications, the study underscores how firms can design better policies and strategies by understanding behavioral patterns in economic choices.

KEYWORDS: Behavioral Economics, Decision-Making, Cognitive Bias, Business Strategy, Nudges, Heuristics

Authors: Dr. Chandra Sekhar Dash, Shilpa Dash

Abstract: Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO) is a theory of interpersonal relations, introduced by William Schutz in 1958. The theory is based on the belief that when people get together in a group, there are three main interpersonal needs they are looking to obtain – affection/openness, control and inclusion. Schutz developed a measuring instrument that contains six scales of nine-item questions, and this became version B (for "Behaviour"). This technique was created to measure how group members feel when it comes to inclusion, control, and affection/openness or to be able to get feedback from people in a group. The theory extended later on to a theory of personality. Lao Ryan, in 1977, later on, enabled people to measure their happiness derived out of the satisfaction of interactional needs. In our study, a group of business executives totaling 134, working in various settings in Delhi & National Capital Territory, were surveyed to identify the FIRO-B characteristics using the original questionnaire developed by William Schutz, covering the expressed and wanted behaviour in each of the social areas of inclusion, control and affection/ openness. The study's findings indicated that Indian managers, on average, have a moderate level of social interaction Index, moderate happiness index, and a high level of melancholic personality. According to Adler’s schema, they fall under the avoiding category with a very low % of the socially useful category. Schultz’s FIRO-B components include inclusion, control and affection. They fall into the category of loner, rebels and pessimists.

Author: Mahmudul Islam Choudhury

Abstract: In my research article, I elaborately researched to find how our business in Bangladesh is using or implying the Management Information System (MIS). I discussed in the light of SME Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise, the Banking sector of Bangladesh, and especially how E-Commerce organizations are using the Management Information System (MIS). I further found that gradually organizations are increasing the use of MIS in Bangladesh, banks are maintaining their transactions, ATM records, the record of payroll management, Loans, E-Commerce are using to record orders, inventories, etc. on the other hand, here I in my research that many of the organization isn’t even able to hire such employees who are well expert over MIS and there is also lack of efficient MIS experts, moreover we do not have enough access to the update software or systems that we need to use in MIS.

 

Authors: Farhana Karim, Md. Sarowar Khaled

Abstract: Purpose: Bangladesh is one of the major fashion products suppliers in the global market and in this country especially in city area number of young fashion consumers are rising, so this study mainly focuses on different social factors that may influence in buying decision of fashion products and gives emphasis on finding whether there is any relationship between different demographic variables like gender, age, education, income and influential social factors of fashion product buying behavior e.g., relatives, friends, family, social status and so on.

 

Methodology: Data has been collected from 218 respondents of the capital city of Bangladesh using cluster sampling and simple random sampling through a questionnaire survey. To draw a hypothesis, a z-test and chi-square test have been done.

 

Finding: From the hypothesis, it is evident that family, friends, relatives and social status have no significant influence on fashion consumer’s buying decisions. There is no significant difference between friends’ influence on graduate and non-graduate consumers on fashion products’ buying decisions. In contrast, from another hypothesis it is evident that there is a significant difference between the influence of family on graduate and non-graduate consumers on buying decisions of fashion products. Additionally, it is evident from this study that there is no significant difference between the influence of social status on graduate and non-graduate consumers on buying decisions of fashion products and family’s influence on consumer buying behavior varies across the different levels of income and age group. Moreover, friend’s influence on fashion consumers’ buying behavior varies significantly across the different levels of income and age group in Bangladesh. And friends and family influence on consumer buying behavior varies from gender to gender, but it is apparent from this research influence of social status on consumer buying behavior does not vary gender-wise.

 

Limitations: Few demographic variables like age, income, education, gender, and occupation are considered here to identify the relationship between social factors and demographic factors while making purchase decisions of fashion products. The researcher has shown an analysis of those data that are enough for justification only. But it can be an avenue for further research instigation for getting more clear insights of consumers using other factors.

 

Implication: Since fashion consumers are increasing in Bangladesh; this research finding will help fashion marketers redesign their marketing programs to attract the target segments.

 

Authors: C. M. Arunprasad, Shruthi. R

Abstract: During the recent decades, women's participation in the labour market has increased tremendously. This significant rise in employment of women outside the home has attracted the attention of consumer researchers to investigate the effect of women's labour force participation on convenience food consumption. The objective of this research paper is to identify the factors determining the attitudes of working women towards instant food products. For this purpose the present study has been conducted with a sample of 110 working women of various places and their responses were gauged through a structured questionnaire, administered personally. Data have been analyzed with help of weighted average scores, standard deviations and factor analysis. The results from the present study investigating factors  influencing the attitudes of working women towards instant food products indicate that 'convenience' in meal preparation is the major factor which influences the attitudes of working women towards these food products. This is followed by another five factors such as 'sensory variables', 'mood', 'health issues', 'price influence' and 'familiarity'. The findings of the study can be useful for marketers of instant food products as they can use these factors as an effective promotional tool to target consumers and to escalate the sale of these food items in the coming time.

Authors:-Dr. J. Jose Prabhu

Abstract:-India encounters large obstacles with its high levels of unemployment amongst the youth especially university grads as a result of lack of work experience, low abilities base, and education. The primary issue dealt with in our economic situation is the Unemployment rate, the rate of joblessness is high in India compared to all various other nations, most of the graduates are now out of work or else working in a business which not related to their core. The focus of the study is on how mindsets differ from one person to an additional on the beauty of entrepreneurship as a job as well as to study the relationship between business perspectives and entrepreneurial opportunities-entrepreneurial environment. The researcher applied descriptive research design and the population of the study is engineering college students studying in engineering colleges affiliated to Technical Education in India, List of colleges offering Diploma Programme in Trichy district affiliated to Technical Education in India was obtained from the Anna University website. The sample design adopted for the study is systematic random sampling with a total sample size of 400.The findings of the study reveals that factors towards entrepreneurship significantly influence the overall parental factors attitudes towards entrepreneurship.

Authors:-S.Kokila , R.Poongodi

Abstract:-Foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world. It is regulated by Reserve Bank of India. It is a market in which national currencies are bought and sold against one another. Exchange rate plays major role in a country’s economy. Exchange rate is volatile in nature and it is determined by the market forces of the demand and supply of foreign currency as well as other economic factors. The present study was undertaken to understand the India’s imports and export. The study was descriptive in nature and covered a period of 17 years from 1999-2000 to 2015-16.The required secondary data was collected from the reports of Reserve bank of India. The analysis was carried out with the help of statistical tools – descriptive statistics it showed that global financial crisis had a significant impact on India’s imports and exports that variations in exchange rate fluctuations.