Journal of Research in Physics and Applied Sciences ISSN: 3139-1397 (Online)

Authors:-S. Prasanna Subramanian, A. Mujiber Rahman, W. Hannah Blessy, A. Ansar Ahamed

Abstract:-In Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) propagation CME-CME is a newly emerging theory reveals some unsolved issues in Astrophysics.  A CME-CME interaction is closely related with a enhancement signature (Gopalswamy et al. 2001) and low energy proton acceleration in >10 Mev (Gopalswamy et al. 2002). The present study analyzed the change in momentum of pre and primary CME for a CME-CME interaction event (23 Jan 2012 day halo CME event) with respect to elastic coefficient. The study suggests that the increase in momentum change of pre CME and decrease in momentum change of primary CME for the function of elastic coefficient. It confirms the momentum transfer effect on pre CME from primary CME. A new dynamic viscosity model is developed to estimate CME viscosity

Author: P. Lakshmi Praveen

Abstract: We adopted a theoretical approach to determine the preferred molecular pair configuration of 4′â€(3,4,5â€trifluorophenyl)â€4â€alkylbicyclohexyl (3FPnBCH) with n=3 (3FP3BCH), and n=5 (3FP5BCH) under translational and orientational motions. Detailed methodology has been described to calculate the interaction energies between a molecular pair. The configurational probability at transition temperature has been estimated using Maxwell-Boltzmann formula using interaction energy values as an input. Phase behaviour of the molecules has been analyzed using translational rigidity studies. Calculated UV absorption spectra using CNDO/S, INDO/S methods have been analyzed. The ï°ï‚®ï°* transitions, electro chemical properties based on HOMO, LUMO energies, and principal polarizability components, and anisotropy of polarizability have been reported to realize the kinetic stability, global reactivity, and non-linear optical activity of these molecules.

 

 

Authors:-W. Hannah Blessy, A. Mujiber Rahman, S. Prasanna Subramanian, A. Ansar Ahamed,S.S.R. Inbanathan

Abstract:-We have analyzed 67 CMEs and their associated flares and type II radio bursts observed during the 1997–2014. The main aim of the present work is to study the low frequency (below 100 kHz) solar radio type II bursts. Among these 67 CMEs, 14 events have type II burst end frequency of 100 kHz and the remaining 53 events have end frequency of below that. It is also found that all the 67 CMEs are fast and wide CMEs with mean speed of 1510 km s-1 and many CMEs are associated with X-class and M-class flares. Further, we studied the range of km Type II radio burst and their arrival time estimation at 1 AU using SOHO/proton monitor for 33 events out of 67 events.  The main findings of our study are that the all km type II events are associated with fast and wide CMEs with X-class and M-class flares. All these CMEs are produced interplanetary shocks. In the present study, we utilized the modified Emprical shock arrival model (Gopalswamy et al.2014) and IP shock arrival model (Manoharan et al. 2004) are very much useful in predicting IP shock arrival at 1 AU with high accuracy.

Author: Ashutosh Rana

Abstract: The problem of information loss in black holes remains one of the most profound challenges at the intersection of general relativity, quantum mechanics, and statistical physics. Classical descriptions of black holes predict that information about matter falling into a black hole is irretrievably lost, conflicting with the principles of quantum unitarity. Over the past few decades, the development of holographic ideas, particularly the holographic principle and gauge/gravity duality, has reshaped our understanding of black hole entropy and information retention. This review paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the black hole information paradox, its historical development, and the role of holography in addressing it. We explore black hole thermodynamics, Hawking radiation, entanglement entropy, the AdS/CFT correspondence, and modern concepts such as Page curves, quantum extremal surfaces, and replica wormholes. The paper aims to present a coherent picture of how holography offers a consistent framework for reconciling gravity with quantum mechanics, while highlighting unresolved issues and future research directions.

Keywords: Black holes; information paradox; holographic principle; AdS/CFT correspondence; quantum gravity; entropy

Authors: Firuz Ahamed Nahid*, Hussain Mahmud Chowdhury**, Mohammad Nayeem Jahangir**

Abstract: With the quick advancement of solar PV based power invasion in the cutting edge electric power framework, appropriate anticipating of solar irradiance take up a significant role in planning, operation, unit commitment of power system. However, the noteworthy historic solar irradiance data demonstrates uncertain and non-straight patterns, which makes it hard to foresee the radiation precisely. Taking these challenges into account, this paper proposes a deep learning based hybrid model named as Convolutional Long Short Term Memory (CLSTM) neural network to fore castsolar radiation in half an hour ahead. The Convolutional part of the model extracts the features (time series patterns) form the data set and the Long Short Term Memory part processes the data to overcome the long term dependency problem and stores the useful information in its memory part. The proposed model has been trained with two years historic data that includes global horizontal radiation (W/m^2), temperature (0C) and relative humidity (%). The comparative (with recurrent neural network and convolutional neural network) results (Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error) shows that the proposed model performed better in learning the uncertainties in the dataset and therefore can be useful in predicting the solar irradiance in solar power plants. Along these lines, the proposed model has potential in harvesting power from inexhaustible solar energy resource to contribute in electric power framework.

Keywords: Convolutional Long Short Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Network, Deep learning, Forecast, Global Horizontal Radiation, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Recurrent Neural Network, Root Mean Squared Error, Solar PV

Authors: Veera Brahmam, T. Vivekananda Swamy, Abdul Khurshid.

Abstract: In the present paper an attempt has been made to develop zinc aluminum based fly ash and graphite particulates MMCs with an objective to develop a conventional low cost method of making MMCs and to acquire homogenous dispersion of ceramic material. To achieve these objectives, stir casting technique has been used and following property analysis has been made. Zinc, aluminium and fly ash, graphite have been chosen as matrix and reinforcement materials respectively. Experiments were conducted by keeping weight fraction of fly ash at a constant percentage value (5%) and by varying weight fraction of graphite (2%, 4 %,) while keeping all other parameters constant. An increasing trend of tensile strength, impact strength and wear resistance has been observed. However hardness decreased with dispersion of graphite.

 Keywords: Fly ash, Graphite, MMC’S; Stir casting, ZA-27.

Authors: JBV.Subramanyam, A. Rama Murthy, Sankar

Abstract: X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) are commonly used to perform texture analysis of thin films. However, due to principle differences in data acquisition these techniques can yield disagreeing results. In this paper, we aim to highlight possible error sources with given examples for aluminum and copper thin films.

Keywords: Thin Films, EBSD, XRD

Authors: Khangaonkar S. B., Dr. Shinde B. M.

Abstract: Composite materials are potentially attractive for a wide range of medical and mechanical applications. In the present investigation Hydroxyapatite (HA) compositehave been successfully prepared by a sol-gel auto combustion and sol-gel method respectively. This prepared
material was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).Friction and wear characteristics of HA composite were determined using a pin-on-disc tribometer at applied loads of 50-110 N. Result show that the wear performance of HA was superior and obtaining lower friction coefficients than the WM. To calculate the wear depth by Archard wear
model FEA is done. It has observed that no significant difference in between experimental and numerical wear depth.

Keywords: Solution Combustion, Sol-gel, Hydroxyapatite, Composite, Pin-on-disc, Tribology, FEA, Biomedical applications.

Authors: Aarav Kulkarni, Devendera Pathak

Abstract: Biophysics and medical physics represent two closely related interdisciplinary domains where principles of physics are applied to understand biological systems and to improve medical diagnosis and therapy. Over the past few decades, advances in experimental techniques, computational tools, and imaging technologies have significantly expanded the role of physics in medicine and life sciences. Biophysics focuses on understanding biological processes at molecular, cellular, and systemic levels using physical models and quantitative methods, while medical physics is mainly concerned with the application of radiation, imaging, and instrumentation in healthcare. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts, key techniques, and emerging applications in biophysics and medical physics. Major topics include molecular biophysics, biomechanics, medical imaging modalities, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, and recent developments such as artificial intelligence–assisted diagnostics and personalized medicine. The paper also highlights current challenges and future directions, emphasizing the growing importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing healthcare technologies.

Keywords: Biophysics, Medical Physics, Biomedical Imaging, Radiation Therapy, Molecular Biophysics, Healthcare Technology

Authors: Sheela Vimala Rani*, Lalitha. S

Abstract: A simple solid state combustion method has been tried for the preparation of nano particle sized LiMn2O4 powder with urea as the igniter and glycerol as the binding material. Nitrates of Li+and Mn3+ were mixed
together to form a homogeneous paste. This paste was carefully heated to 100o C in the muffle furnace and then the product is heated to 800oC for 12 hrs. The obtained nano powder was subjected to XRD, TEM, and FTIR
analysis. The particle size of the material was roughly calculated from the X-ray data using Scherrer equation. The TEM analysis was carried out in detail to confirm the particle size. The procedure is very simple and novel.

Keywords: Nano particle, LiMn2O4, transmission electron microscope, solid state combustion method, lithium batteries.

Authors: M. A. Hossain, M. N. I. Khan, S. S. Sikder

Abstract: The compositions Ni0.60Zn0.40-xYxFe2O4 [x = 0-.05, 0.10 and 0.15] were prepared by using solid state reaction technique. The XRD analysis of Ni- Zn sample shows formulation of cubic spinel structure with no extra peak. With substitution of rare earth Yttrium ions (Y3) in to the Ni-Zn ferrites show additional peaks other than spinel structure and corresponding to a second orthoferrite phase. Lattice parameters of the composition Ni0.60Zn0.40-xYxFe2O4 [x = 0-.05, 0.10 and 0.15] series slightly decrease with increasing x-content. The bulk density is found to decrease minorly with increasing Y3contents. The increase in density and grain growth of the samples may be attributed to the liquid phase at constant sintering temperature. Saturation magnetization, Ms was observed and was found to increase with increasing, Y3+ contents. Initial permeability decreases with the increasing of Y3 ions. Quality factor signifies the merit of the material from the application point of view. The compositions The compositions Ni0.60Zn0.40-xYxFe2O4 [x = 0-.05, 0.10 and 0.15] were prepared by using solid state reaction technique. The XRD analysis of Ni-Zn sample shows
formulation of cubic spinel structure with no extra peak. With substitution of rare earth Yttrium ions (Y3) in to the Ni-Zn ferrites show additional peaks other than spinel structure and corresponding to a second orthoferrite phase. Lattice parameters of the composition Ni0.60Zn0.40-
xYxFe2O4 [x = 0-.05, 0.10 and 0.15] series slightly decrease with increasing.  x-content. The bulk density is found to decrease minorly with increasing Y3contents. The increase in density and grain growth of the samples may be attributed to the liquid phase at constant sintering temperature. Saturation magnetization, Ms was observed and was found to increase with increasing, Y3+ contents. Initial permeability decreases with the increasing of Y3 ions. Quality factor signifies the merit of the material from the application point of view. From these three series of samples are seen that the real part of initial permeability almost constant up to 4MHz. The AC resistivity decreases with increasing temperature. The dielectric constant is found to decrease continuously with increasing frequency and remains almost constant at higher frequency range. The variation of electrical resistivity and dielectric properties is explained of Fe2+/Fe3+ ionic.

Keywords: Solid State Reaction Technique; Orthoferrite Phase; Saturation Magnetization; Dielectric Constant.

Authors: Labibuzzaman Mustabeen, Md. Iqbal Hosan, Satyajit Ghose.

Abstract:  According to The IAEA International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) the most devastating (INES Level-7) nuclear accident occurred at Chernobyl Nuclear power plant (NPP),USSR (April 26, 1986) and Fukushima Daiichi NPP, japan, (March 11, 2011) which has causes a great damages on life’s, properties and more importantly it convulses people trust on nuclear energy. Radiological impact from these two nuclear accidents is analyzed in this study. Atmospheric release of radionuclides and maximum radionuclides concentrations in air, rain water, biological material, drink water (tap water) and soil were observed based on distance and continent from the NPPs after the Chernobyl and Fukushima Nuclear power plant Accident. Most of the radioactivity releases from both accidents were noble gases, iodine, cesium, and tellurium. The amount of refractory elements emitted from the Fukushima accident was approximately four orders lower in magnitude than the Chernobyl accident. After comparison on various issues how the laws and regulation have modified or changed (in some cases) by IAEA and other legislator organization including respective government are also observed. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the lessons learn, implement the changes and abide by the guidelines to other currently used and under construction power plants. It must have to do to increase their safety and minimize the risk of future catastrophes. Finally our inherent objective is as Bangladesh is a newly emerged country in nuclear energy sector, lesson from these two power plant accident might help to remain more careful and keep surveillance on every sector including operation and maintenance of the plant to increase its safety and become a successful nuclear plant operating country.

Keywords: Nuclear accident, Radiological impact, Nuclear law, IAEA guidelines.

Authors: Abhishek Aradhya P, Girish A Koushik

Abstract: In this paper, the change in the performance characteristics with various mechanical bending conditions for different flexible Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) is compared. Bending strains induce modifications of the localized density of states (DOS) which in turn cause changes in the electrical characteristics of the TFTs. The change in the characteristics is estimated as a function of curvature radius of the channel. For amorphous silicon, field-effect mobility decreases by bending, e.g., ~11% with a radius at R = 30 mm and a knee voltage increases, while a threshold voltage remains the same. While the mobility, threshold voltage, and sub threshold slope of IGZO TFTs remained essentially unchanged over the entire bending range, the electrical performance parameters of ZnO TFTs were strongly degraded by bending. For ZnO TFTs bent to a radius of 10 mm, the mobility decreased by more than two orders of magnitude.

Keywords: - Thin film transistors, bending radius, field-effect mobility.

Authors: Nandini R

Abstract: This paper reports the neutron diffraction measurements on LaSrCoRuO6 and La2xSr2-2xCo2xRu2-2xO6. Based on these measurements, in LaSrCoRuO6, it is interpreted to be due disorder in site occupancy of Co
and Ru leading to octahedral distortions and formation of the Ru-O-Ru ferromagnetic linkages which are known to align ferro magnetically. Ferromagnetic interactions are clearly seen in the disordered LaSrCoRuO6 which has a larger B-site occupancy disorder of the Co and Ru sites. In La2xSr2-2xCo2xRu2-2xO6, the compounds crystallize in the
double perovskite structure. The 20K neutron data shows extra super-lattice reflections due to anti ferromagnetic ordering in x = 0.75. These reflections are accounted for by an anti ferromagnetic alignment of the Co and Ru spins.

Keywords: Anti ferromagnetism, Double Perovskite, Itinerant ferrimagnetism, negative magneto resistance.

Authors: Nandita, Daljit Kaur, Sonia Grover

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells are been used in the energy sector for past very long time. Currently, they have been used in commercial aspects also. But still, there lies a no. of disadvantages too i,e, one of the major disadvantages is
to track the maximum energy from the solar cell. Maximum energy Point Techniques (MPPT) have been designed &implemented, in order to obtain the maximum energy from the solar cell. This paper provides a method using ANFIS for number of solar cells, in order to obtain maximum energy from solar cell. The number of solar cells
provides more desirable output as opposed to their single junction solar cell. ANFIS based algorithm is applied utilizing neural network and fuzzy logic. The membership functions are designed using an initial inference and then the weights of the membership functions are found by using
Neural Network Technology. Then further, firing angle’s optimal value is calculated and then fed to the Boost converter.

Keywords: Photo-Voltaic cell, Multi-junction solar cell, Maximum Power Point Technique and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System.

Authors: R Karthik, Vijetha Tummala, Deepti Prakash, K V Ramya

Abstract:
The Monte Carlo Simulation Technique is described and the technique has been applied to obtain the velocity-field characteristics of different compound semiconductors. The results agree with the available experimental data and with those obtained by Boltzmann Transport Equation analytically.

Keywords: Monte carlo simulation, compound semiconductors, numerical technique, electron mobility

Authors: Devasis Pradhan
Abstract: An Electromagnetic Wave consists of two waves perpendicular to each other, one represent Electric field & other one is Magnetic field . The EM spectrum is traditionally divided into the seven regions. This spectrum is split up into 81 octaves. Radiation energy lies between 10 KHz – 300 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum. This article is to identify and to recognize the effect of radiation on biological aspect and neurological effect of EM radiation.

Keywords: Biological effect, Thermal effect, neurological effect, safe microwave radiation.

Authors: M. A. I. Nahid, Mikihiko Oogane, Miho Watanabe, Hiroshi Naganuma, Yasuo Ando

Abstract: The phase MnAl films were epitaxially grown on MgO(100) substrate
with CrRu buffer layer by dc sputtering. The magnetic and structural
properties were studied systematically by varying the growth temperature.
The films grown at 300oC possess higher magnetic anisotropy constant of
about 2×106 erg/cc. The saturation magnetization obtained in that sample
was about 470 emu/cc. The CrRu buffer layer and growth temperature
plays an important role in the epitaxial growth of -phase MnAl thin films.
It is observed that there is a strong correlation between structural and
magnetic properties of the MnAl film which can be tuned by the growth
temperature.

Keywords: Epitaxial Growth, Buffer Layer, Tau Phase, Magnetic
Anisotropy Constant.

Author: Nandini R

Abstract: The interaction of a cationic dye namely, Pinacyanol chloride (Pcyn) with
anionic polyelectrolyte, namely, sodium alginate (NaAlg) has been
investigated by spectrophotometric technique. The polymer induced
metachromasy in the dye resulting in the shift of absorption maxima of the
dye towards shorter wavelengths. The stability of the complex formed
between Pcyn and NaAlg was determined by spectral studies. The
thermodynamic parameters of interaction namely, KC,DG, DH &DS were
evaluated. They suggested a weak met achromatic complex was formed
between Pcyn-NaAlg .This fact was further confirmed by reversal studies
using alcohols, urea, electrolytes & surfactants. The reversal studies helps
in the determination of the stability of the complex and the nature of
binding.

Keywords: Metachromasy, Pinacyanol chloride, Aggregation, Binding
Sites

Authors: Dr. Nirmala T, Maithreya J S, Dr. K.N.P Kumar

Abstract: The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions and not including the gravitational force) in the universe, as well as classifying all known elementary particles. It was developed in stages throughout the latter half of the 20th century, through the work of many scientists around the world, with the current formulation being finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, confirmation of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and the Higgs boson (2012) have added further credence to the Standard Model. In addition, the Standard Model has predicted various properties of weak neutral currents and the W and Z bosons with great accuracy.

 

Although the Standard Model is believed to be theoretically self-consistent[2] and has demonstrated huge successes in providing experimental predictions, it leaves some phenomena unexplained and falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions. It does not fully explain baryon asymmetry, incorporate the full theory of gravitation as described by general relativity, or account for the accelerating expansion of the Universe as possibly described by dark energy. The model does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not incorporate neutrino oscillations and their non-zero masses.

Theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike drove the development of the Standard Model. For theorists, the Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory, which exhibits a wide range of physics including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies and non-perturbative behavior. It is used as a basis for building more exotic models that incorporate hypothetical particles, extra dimensions, and elaborate symmetries (such as supersymmetry) in an attempt to explain experimental results at variance with the Standard Model, such as the existence of dark matter and neutrino oscillations.

 

Author: Varsha Gupta

Abstract: Graphs can be used to model many types of relations and processes in physical, biological, social and information systems. Many practical problems can be represented by graphs. The field of mathematics plays an important role in various fields. One of the important areas in mathematics is graph theory which is used in structural models. This structural arrangements of various objects or technologies lead to new inventions and modifications in the existing environment for enhancement in those fields. In recent years, graph theory has established itself as an important mathematical tool in a wide variety of subjects, ranging from operational research and chemistry to genetics. Graphs are used to represent networks of communication, data organization, computational devices, the flow of computation, etc. For instance, the link structure of a website can be represented by a directed graph, in which the vertices represent web pages and directed edges represent links from one page to another. A similar approach can be taken to problems in social media, travel, biology, computer chip design, mapping the progression of neuro-degenerative diseases, and many other fields. The development of algorithms to handle graphs is therefore of major interest in computer science. The transformation of graphs is often formalized and represented by graph rewrite systems. This paper gives an overview of the applications of graph theory in the field of computer science which uses graph in many theoretical concepts. Various papers based on graph theory have been studied related to scheduling concepts, computer science applications and an overview has been presented here.

Authors: Priyadharshini K S, Arvinth Raaj K K

Abstract: The conversion from analog to digital methods in the medical imaging world and the emergence of widely available mechanisms to quickly and affordably transmit digital data over large distances has fueled the rapid growth of tele radiology. In modern radiology departments in both the academic and private sectors it has become commonplace to select the location of a fully functioning picture and archiving communications system (PACS to the site of image acquisition. In addition, affordable scaled down tele radiology solutions have allowed referring physicians and radiologists to access imaging from the convenience of their homes and offices.

Author: Sarita Garg

Abstract: Radon and its isotopes Rn222 and Rn220 are found in the naturally occurring elements present in earth’s crust. Exposure to radon Rn222and its progeny in indoor atmosphere can result in significant inhalation risk to the population particularly where the concentration of Rn222 is high. For assessment of radiological hazards due to inhalation of radon and its decay products, the indoor concentrations are more important than the outdoor concentration. The National Academy of Science (NAS) estimated that 15000 – 22000, Americans die every year from radon related lung cancer. However, almost 90% of those deaths were from lung cancer caused by inhaling radon released to indoor air from water. Only about 10% of the deaths were from cancers of internal organs. Prominent process of Rn222 entry in most of the residence appears to be the pressure driven flow of soil gas through cracks or through other openings in the basement slab or subfloor. This is an important health consequence and efforts have to be made to reduce the harmful effects due to Rn222 and its progeny.