Journal of Research in Physics and Applied Sciences ISSN: 3139-1397 (Online)

Authors: Aarav Kulkarni, Devendera Pathak

Abstract: Biophysics and medical physics represent two closely related interdisciplinary domains where principles of physics are applied to understand biological systems and to improve medical diagnosis and therapy. Over the past few decades, advances in experimental techniques, computational tools, and imaging technologies have significantly expanded the role of physics in medicine and life sciences. Biophysics focuses on understanding biological processes at molecular, cellular, and systemic levels using physical models and quantitative methods, while medical physics is mainly concerned with the application of radiation, imaging, and instrumentation in healthcare. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts, key techniques, and emerging applications in biophysics and medical physics. Major topics include molecular biophysics, biomechanics, medical imaging modalities, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, and recent developments such as artificial intelligence–assisted diagnostics and personalized medicine. The paper also highlights current challenges and future directions, emphasizing the growing importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing healthcare technologies.

Keywords: Biophysics, Medical Physics, Biomedical Imaging, Radiation Therapy, Molecular Biophysics, Healthcare Technology