Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics ISSN: 3107-4510 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Natraj Murti, Manish Rane

Abstract: In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, the realm of mechanics stands as a pivotal domain witnessing unprecedented advancements. "Machinery Marvels: Innovations Driving the World of Mechanics" presents a comprehensive exploration of groundbreaking innovations that have revolutionized the field of mechanics. This paper delves into key developments in various branches of mechanics, including robotics, automation, materials science, and precision engineering. By highlighting the transformative impacts of these innovations, we shed light on how they have propelled industries, improved efficiency, and transformed the way we interact with and perceive machinery. The synthesis of these innovations not only showcases the present state of mechanics but also offers insights into its future trajectory.

Keywords: Mechanics, Innovations, Robotics, Automation, Materials Science, Precision Engineering, Technology, Advancements, Industrial Revolution, Efficiency, Future Trends.

Authors: Harpreet Mehta, Pawandeep Singh

Abstract: Mechanical design is a cornerstone of human innovation, enabling the creation of intricate machines and systems that have shaped the modern world. This paper delves into the realm of gears and gadgets, elucidating their fundamental principles, historical significance, and contemporary applications. Gears, the unsung heroes of mechanical engineering, form the basis of countless mechanical devices, from ancient clocks to advanced robotics. Their ability to transmit motion and torque efficiently has paved the way for revolutions in industries such as manufacturing, transportation, and automation. This paper also explores the symbiotic relationship between gears and gadgets, showcasing how mechanical design has evolved to incorporate innovative technologies like 3D printing, nanotechnology, and smart materials. Through an exploration of historical achievements and cutting-edge advancements, this paper aims to illuminate the marvels of mechanical design and inspire future innovations.

Keywords: Mechanical design, gears, gadgets, innovation, historical significance, motion transmission, torque, robotics, 3D printing, nanotechnology, smart materials, automation, manufacturing, mechanical engineering, technology.

Authors: Omkar Sharma, Jitender Rawal

Abstract: The evolution of mechanical systems has played a pivotal role in shaping human civilization and technological advancement. From simple cogs and gears to intricate and complex machinery, the journey of mechanical systems spans centuries of innovation, driven by the quest for efficiency, precision, and automation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of mechanical systems, tracing the development from ancient mechanisms to the complexities of modern engineering. Through a historical lens, we explore the key milestones, breakthroughs, and paradigms that have guided this evolution. By analyzing the transition from basic mechanical components to intricate cyber-physical systems, we gain insights into the transformative impact of mechanical engineering on various industries, including manufacturing, transportation, robotics, and beyond. Furthermore, this paper delves into the challenges and opportunities brought forth by the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and materials science, offering a glimpse into the future of mechanical systems evolution.

Keywords: Mechanical systems, evolution, innovation, automation, engineering, history, technology, cyber-physical systems, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, materials science.

Authors: Vijay Singh Negi, Atul Sthapak , Dr. S.P. Malhotra

Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing has revolutionized the way complex metal structures are designed and manufactured. This paper explores the recent advancements in additive manufacturing techniques and their applications in producing intricate metal components with enhanced mechanical properties and reduced defects. By examining various methods such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), along with the challenges faced and future prospects, this paper highlights the transformative potential of additive manufacturing in reshaping industries ranging from aerospace to healthcare.

Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, 3D Printing, Complex Metal Structures, Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting, Mechanical Properties, Microstructure Control, In-Situ Monitoring, Aerospace, Medical Devices, Automotive, Challenges, Future Directions.

Authors Name:- Suraj Gupta, Kamlesh Kumar

Abstract:- Self-driving cars are becoming more prevalent in our society, and it is important to educate and train the next generation of engineers and researchers in this field. The ISEAUTO project is a self-driving car designed for research and education purposes, aimed at providing students with practical experience and competence development. This research paper discusses the technical solutions and safety features of ISEAUTO, as well as the learning experience it offers to students. The project scope includes the design, construction, and testing of the car, as well as the development of control architecture and technical parameters. The paper concludes with suggestions for future work and references to similar projects in the field.

Keywords:- Self-driving car, ISEAUTO, research, education, practical experience, competence development, technical solutions, safety, learning experience.

Authors Name: Rohan Rastogi, Abhishek Sharma, Brijesh Kumar

Abstract: The use of solar dryers is a sustainable and efficient solution for preserving crops and seeds, especially in areas with abundant sunshine. The design of an auto-regulating solar dryer for variety seedlings production involves considerations and calculations for optimizing its performance. This research paper presents an overview of the key factors to consider in designing a solar dryer for seedlings production, including the selection of materials, thermal insulation, ventilation, and temperature control. Furthermore, the paper outlines the calculations involved in determining the optimal size of the dryer, the required airflow rate, and the time required to dry the seedlings. The results of this research can be used to guide the design and construction of an efficient and effective auto-regulating solar dryer for seedlings production.

Keyword: Auto-regulating solar dryer, variety seedlings, drying, temperature control, ventilation, thermal insulation, calculations.

Authors Name: Dr. Sajitha Varghese, Pradeep Kumar

Abstract: This paper presents the design and development of a remote process control trainer kit for educational purposes. The trainer kit is intended for use in teaching process control principles to students in engineering and related fields. The trainer kit is designed to be remote-controlled, allowing students to access and control it from any location with an internet connection. The trainer kit includes a range of process control devices such as sensors, actuators, and controllers, which are integrated into a control system. The paper details the design of the trainer kit, including the hardware and software components. The paper also outlines the development process, which involved designing, building, and testing the trainer kit. The paper concludes by discussing the potential uses of the trainer kit and the benefits it offers for students in learning process control principles.

Keywords: Remote process control trainer kit, Process control education Control systems, Sensors, Actuators, Controllers, Modular design, Internet-based control, Control algorithms

Authors: Dr Nemailal Tarafder

Abstract: When a property is absent in one fibre and the same property is present in another fibre, by mixing the two fibres the right blend is obtained. Mixing of two or more different kinds of fibres is known as blending. Blending is done at various stages of textile manufacturing. In blended fabrics the characteristics of individual component fibres are blended and the result is much superior fabric. In a blended product the natural fire ensures high breathability and great wearing comfort, whereas the synthetic fibre contributes he prerequisites for elasticity, shape retention and durability. Blendes are created to improve the feel, performance or durability of the fabric. There are surprising benefits of blended fabrics, both on the manufacturing side and the consumer side. The properties of the blended fabrics are combined and made into a modified state in a fabric. Every apparel retailer should e familiar with three primary types like cotton, polyester and blended fabrics. When the blended fabrics are made, manufacturers can take advantages of fabrics’ inherent qualities while negating its weaknesses. The basic objective of blending is to give the end-product certain characteristics which are unobtainable from a single component, like strength, crease resistance, aesthetic effects and price. 

Keywords: composite yarn, highly lustrous, texture, intimate mixture, shape retention, nano-coating, elastane, luminous sheen

Authors: S. U. Misal, Om R. Polade, Vedant R. Chougule, Rahul R. Poipkar

Abstract: Manifolds maintain the flow of a system or line in processing applications. Instrumentation manifolds are key components when customizing your process line. Other valve types, like needle valves and check valves, with the same threaded connections can easily connect to them. Hydraulic manifolds are typically made using machining processes such as milling, drilling, and turning. Overall, the machining process for hydraulic manifolds requires specialized equipment and expertise in CNC programming and machining techniques. The process is critical for ensuring the proper function and reliability of the hydraulic system.

Keywords: Cycle Time Reduction, Power Pack Assembly, Quality Improvement, Hydraulic Manifolds

Authors:- Hiren Patel, Sourabh Singh, Ankit Panchal

Abstract:- The world is keen on developing clean fuels for future usage in autos and other gadgets. More hazardous gas emissions will not contribute to survival in this climate. To maintain our environment, several visible modifications should be done immediately in our power producing equipment, whether fixed or portable. This study investigates current advances in electric cars and conventional engines. The research also examines recent and future technology utilised to make power-generating units more efficient and less emissive.      

Keywords:- Electric vehicles, hydrogen, internal combustion engines, alternative fuels, emissions, fuel cell

Authors: Dr. Abhishek Kumar, Rajat Kumar

Abstract: Topology optimization has emerged as a distinct field of research in recent years, not only because it piques the intellectual community's interest but also because it delivers substantial solutions to real-world industrial challenges. Topology optimization is used to develop a lightweight product while satisfying functional requirements for a new product or a redesign of an existing product. The layer-by-layer fabrication of geometrically challenging components by additive manufacturing greatly reduces the complexity constraints placed on topology optimization by the previous subtractive approach. This viewpoint article enlists the compassion of these two strategies as they collaborate. The document compiles the approach as well as the benefits and drawbacks of the optimization process. A consideration of lightweight design and continuum optimization resulted in a weight reduction of 65% and the utilisation of grid-like ground structures. The purpose is to inspire both researchers and engineers to devise innovative answers to today's challenges in this sector.  

Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, Continuum Optimisation, Lightweight Design, Topological Optimisation.

Authors: Prajwal S. Chordia, Siddharth R. Kalyankar 

Abstract: With the current situation of the global sheet metal industry, meeting market demand for low-cost, high-quality sheet metal products is a major problem. Sheet metal blanking is a metal production method that is widely used in automobiles, aircraft, electrical and electronics equipment, heavy machinery, and other industrial equipment. Burrs are undesirable material and ragged edges raised on the surface of the blank during the blanking process. The creation of a burr on a piece of metal reduces its quality, accuracy, and utility. As a result, it must be separated by further processing such as machining or deburring, which raises the cost per item in manufacturing. Burr can be reduced by selecting the right collection of process variables. This paper provides a review of finite element simulations of the blanking process using the Ansys/Explicit Dynamics software package with various sets of process parameters. It also examines the author's design of experiments (DOE) methodology and the effects of process parameters on burr formation and equivalent stress.

Keywords: Sheet metal, blanking, process parameters, optimization, finite element method, design of experiments, burr height, stress.

Authors: Prajyot Singh, Pritish Giripunje , Prof. Ujwal Prasad

Abstract: The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) has been designed from the start to be appropriate for a wide range of appliances, including stationary and portable electrical applications, since it is regarded as a particularly promising energy source in renewable energies. It uses polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology for its ion or proton conducting electrolyte. Their key benefit is the simplicity with which methanol fuel and energy-densifying stable liquid may be transported in all climatic circumstances. Other benefits include cheaper fuel production costs, less flammability risk, and enhanced energy security and availability. It emits hydrogen and carbon dioxide but no sulphur, nitrogen, or other hazardous gases. This review paper highlights advancements in DMFC technology from its inception to the present day, with the ultimate goal of improving overall DMFC performance by addressing issues such as performance influence on operating temperature and pressure parameters; stacking; methanol and water cross-over; current collectors, optimization of gaskets, supporting plates, cathode channel configuration; experiments on portable power supply sources, and multi anodes over the last 15 years. It also identifies research needs for future efforts.

Keywords: DMFC, energy source, current collectors, methanol cross over, water cross over, power density.

Authors: Md. Johir Uddin, Mohammad Zonal Abedin

Abstract: This article discusses the advances in technology, the market conditions and the biomass solid fuel availability in South Asia. The energy mix in South Asia (SA) is known to be a highly polluting one with important CO₂ and particulates emissions. Following the introduction for several of the countries in the Asia Union and the signature by most of them of the Kyoto protocol, severe caps have been imposed on the CO₂ emissions. Most of the SA countries have a significant expertise in thermal combustion units based on lignite and coal. Therefore, the use of the solid biomass fuel for electricity generation has started being applied progressively as a means of electricity generation. Pure biomass plants and biomass co-firing plants are actually studied and developed in many of these countries. We refer to as solid biomass all agricultural residues, rice husk, wood flakes or pellets, olive pomace and any plants that can be used as solid biofuels. Each country among the ones in South Asia have different biomass type availability which can be transported inside the country or exported to close distances. In this article we will discuss the technologies that have already been applied in South Asia for different types of biomass. We will stretch the point of biomass solid fuels availability, the regions that can supply important quantities and which neighboring countries can be considered in case of a shortage. The latter availability will be closely linked to the technology that is used each time and the influence of the biomass mix to the technology used. Finally, in order to describe the financial feasibility of these projects we will refer to some financing and feed-in-tariff schemes that are actually applicable.

Keywords: Kyoto protocol, Biomass production, Status, Challenges, Prospect, South Asia.

Authors: Bhawana Gupta

Abstract: Because of their unique qualities, composite materials are increasingly being used in fields ranging from aircraft engineering to the car industry and ships. Fiber reinforced polymer composites are becoming increasingly popular due to their better mechanical qualities such as tensile strength and flexural strength, as well as their cheap cost and density. It may be used more efficiently in the creation of composite materials for a wide range of industrial applications. Burmese silk orchid fibre offers superior mechanical characteristics, but it is difficult to get. The matrix (Epoxy) resin was reinforced with natural fibre (jute) and glass fibre in this study. Hand layup was used to create hybrid composites reinforced with chopped glass and jute fibres. Natural fibres (jute) and chopped glass fibres were discovered to increase the mechanical characteristics of hybrid composites. The ASTM standard is followed while cutting test specimens. The universal testing machine is used to assess tensile and flexural strength (UTM).

Keywords: Natural fibres, ASTM standard, UTM, Fiber reinforced polymer composites, Epoxy resin

Authors: Dr. V.V. Kodanda Rao, Bhaskar Reddy

Abstract: The fundamental purpose of this research is to employ suitable extinguishers to put out various types of fires that occur in diverse areas, so preventing further damage of lives and property. The drone is linked to the extinguisher via several techniques detailed in the paper, which assists in fire management. The article depicts the notion of an emerging technology that uses a drone to extinguish flames. Furthermore, it enables us to distinguish extinguishers and compare them to others.

Keywords: Mechanism, Fire Extinguisher, Octocopter Drone, Fire

Authors: Abhinav Shukla, Kirti Singh

Abstract: Cleaning the AC ducts is vital since it creates problems such as poor indoor air quality, which leads to health problems, as well as significant system maintenance. In unclean air ducts, fungi, dust, and deadly germs proliferate. The causes and repercussions of this item are given below. Traditional methods as well as robots can be used to clean air conditioning ducts. The conventional method involves manual cleaning with specific tools. Robots cleaning the ductwork would be a good solution. Many different types of robot systems, including as crawling robots, articulated robots, and inspection robots, are employed for the application. Depending on the size and kind of duct, many types of robots and accompanying equipment are available. Cleaning rectangular ducts is more difficult than other forms. Finally, it is found that cleaning ducts is the most important component, and that using robots is the best way to do this.

Keywords: Indoor Air Quality, Robot, Sanitation, Cleaning, AC Duct,

Authors: Narsimha Rao, Dr. J V R Ravindra

Abstract: The findings of an examination into the influence of soaking time on the mechanical characteristics (hardness, tensile strength, and yield strength) of mild steel are presented in this work. The mild steel samples were annealed at 910°C for varying soaking times of 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. To investigate the characteristics of annealed mild steel with increasing soaking time, hardness, tensile, and yield tests were performed. The hardness indicated about the same value and a rapid dip in value after 40 minutes of soaking time, but afterwards increased in value after 60-90 minutes. While the tensile strength and yield strength increased in value as the soaking duration increased. For varying soaking times, there was a linear connection between the material's tensile strength and yield strength.

Keywords: Heat Treatment, Mechanical Test, Soaking Time, Tensile Test, Annealing

Authors: Rekha Rathore, Shalni Gupta

Abstract: Honeycomb sandwich constructions were created and evaluated in this work. Carbon fibre epoxy matrix composites were employed to make the facesheets of sandwich constructions, while Nomex® honeycomb was used as the core material. The composite facesheets were bonded to the honeycomb core using an epoxy-based adhesive film. Curing temperatures ranging from 100^oC to 130^oC were used, with curing periods ranging from 2h to 3h. A three-point bend test was carried out to study the mechanical performance of honeycomb sandwich constructions and, as a result, optimise the curing settings. It was discovered that a temperature of 110^oC combined with a curing time of 2h provided the best mechanical performance with the least amount of damage in honeycomb core and facesheets.

Keywords:Three-Point Bend Test, Honeycomb Sandwich, Mechanical, Carbon Fiber, Epoxy

Authors: Kumuda Raj. M. N, Kalidas. G. Nagaral, Krudanth. H. L

Abstract: Abrasive jet machining is a viable option for cutting fragile materials such as single crystals, glasses, and polycrystalline ceramics, as well as performing critical machining to create complex forms and workpiece profiles. This machining method is non-thermal, non-chemical, produces no changes in the work piece's microstructure, chemical, or physical properties, and produces machined surfaces that are nearly stress-free. As a result, it is widely utilized in the machining of hard and brittle materials that are difficult to cut using standard methods. Many process parameters affect the performance of an abrasive jet machine, including abrasive mass flow rate (AMFR), stand of distance (SOD), nozzle diameter, pressure, abrasive particle size, and traverse speed. Many reaction characteristics, such as Material Removal Rate (MRR), surface roughness, depth of cut, radial overcut, and taper angle, can be obtained as a result of all of these process factors. In this work, we look at how those characteristics affect various materials such as Alumina ceramic, Glass fibre, Nickel 233 alloys, Kevlar epoxy composites, porcelain tiles, and soda-lime glass. This research presents a literature review to better understand the impact of several process parameters on different materials, such as abrasive grain size, pressure, and SOD, in order to achieve good quality and precision on an abrasive jet machine.

Keywords: Stand of Distance (SOD, MRR, Abrasive mass flow rate (AMFR), Pressure

Authors: M. Raghavendra Rao, Prasant Sivasankari

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of ultrasonic vibration in the solidification process. According to the review of literature, the solidification process is crucial in increasing the mechanical properties of the material. The use of ultrasonic vibration techniques in the solidification process improves mechanical properties by influencing the casting quality of the material by reducing grain size and providing a more homogeneous microstructure. The ultrasonic vibration process also aids in the reduction of residual stresses and the improvement of wear resistance, all of which contribute to the improvement of mechanical properties.

Keywords: Solidification, casting, and ultrasonic vibration

Authors: Eswar Triven , M Naga Poluri

Abstract: The current project is about a fabric coating machine for testing purposes. A polymeric layer is applied directly to one or both sides of the cloth during coating. Coating equipment that creates a stable coating on a flat sheet surface while also improving and expanding the spectrum of functional performance qualities. Coating the textiles is done in a variety of ways. The present study used the direct coating method for coating. In testing different factors such as coating surface homogeneity, fabric tension, and distortion or stretch. Different sorts of liquid solutions and different types of textiles might be utilised for coating in the current study, which would improve fabric finishing and extend its life in a simple and cost-effective manner.

Keywords: Coating Machine, Textiles, Laboratory Experiments, Fabric tension

Authors: Pavan Raj, Shivdatta D Bapat

Abstract: The fabrication of super alloy elements, followed by welding, is the subject of this study, which has a significant impact on the manufacturing business. Furthermore, numerous materials are used, one of which is P91. Many researchers have chosen P91 steel over the last two decades because of the key advantages it has, including its utilization in power plants, where it is common to have pipes that must sustain steam at temperatures between 570 and 600 °C and pressures between 170 and 230 bar. For most conventional steels, these operating conditions are important, needing higher high-temperature mechanical strength and strong creep resistance.

Keywords: Welding, Tig welding, P91, A-Tig welding, Super alloys

Authors: V.D.Jadhav, More Sourabh D, Inamdar Mhejbbeen D, Tamboli Mhommadsohel A, Pol Yogesh D, Kadam Shrihari G

Abstract: Peeling of potato is an inevitable need [8]. The potato peeling process faces a large range of problems like that of your time consuming and becomes inefficient during weekly breakdown maintenances. It's vital for the food processing industry still as in domestic point of view. Mechanization of processing operations will play an important role in removing the negative attributes of the standard processing techniques and promote timely large scale production with desired quality. This paper shows the chronological Development of mechanical peeling and also highlights a new concept of potato peeler, which might be the essential requirement under breakdown maintenance. The aim of our paper is to style and fabricate the prototype of the peeling machine. It's geared toward providing a base for the commercial production of a peeling machine, using locally available raw materials at a comparatively low cost. The machine constitutes a drum, abrasive based peeling [11].

Keywords: Potato Peeling Machine, Quality, Mechanical peeling, Components

Author: Ayushman Pathak, Aryan Kumar

Abstract: Due to a wide range of benefits such as high specific strength and stiffness, fatigue characteristics, and corrosion resistance, advanced fibre polymeric composites are one of the most successful composite material systems. Because the polymer matrix is more vulnerable to these changes than the fibre, the mechanical behaviour of FRP composites is dominated by the matrix. Polymers are visco-elastic materials, meaning their mechanical characteristics are affected by strain rate. The goal of this experiment is to find out how alkali treated chopped palm leaf stalk natural fibre polymer composites behave mechanically. Hand layup is used to create the samples, and the weight proportion of matrix and fibre is maintained between 30% and 70%. For various studies such as tensile testing, flexural testing, impact testing, and hardness testing, specimens are sliced from the produced laminate according to ASTM standards. A computerised Universal testing equipment, a Charpy Impact tester, and a Hardness tester are used in the experiments. The results demonstrate that, with the exception of hardness value, the trend in all characteristics rose for alkali treated chopped fibres.

Keywords: Composites, Palmyra, Alkali, Mechanical Properties, Visco-elastic materials