Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics ISSN: 3107-4510 (Online)

Author: Sonali Choudhary

Abstract: Manufacturing research has recently focused on the development of autonomous machining systems. A rotating cutting tool called a milling cutter is used in a traditional milling machine to remove metal. CNC machines are used for this. The CNC machine works using a component programme. Several G-codes and M-codes are included in this application. Skilled operators have created this software. This might result in a geometrical mistake and increases the cost of labour as well. As a result, a new milling process technique is being conceptualised to address these issues utilising CAD/CAM. First, a part design is generated in CAD software such as CATIA, ProE, and others. CAM software receives this part design. As a result, coordinates take shape. A programme is also created. Cutting tool operates in accordance with the programme to create the necessary component.

Keywords: CAD/CAM, CATIA, Milling Machines, CNC machines

Author: Shubham Jais, Ankita Bhagat 

Abstract: Throughout history, scientists and engineers have looked to nature for inspiration and dreams in order to solve problems in real-world situations. The emergence of'swarm intelligence notions' has been based on observations of the performance of swarms of bees and ants working together. The construction of self-independent and self-intelligence swarm robots is one of the most intriguing and fresh explore areas of recent decades towards the outstanding challenge of robotics. This notion might be critical for robots operating in environments that are amorphous or difficult to access for a single operator, such as a twisted structure, the deep sea, or the surface of another planet. The underlying bio-inspirations of swarms and their physical configurations, such as reconfigurability, replication, and self-assembly, are studied in this research. Swarm-bot, which focuses on miniaturisation with robustness, adaptability, and scalability, is used to introduce the swarm ideas. The numerous swarm-bot intelligence, self-assembly, and self-reconfigurability among the most significant key capabilities as well as usefulness of swarm robots are discussed in this work.

Keywords: Bio-Inspiration, Environments, Flexibility, Physical configurations, Swarm-bot

Author: Shridhar Shiradwade, S.A Shinde

Abstract: Using conceptual design, a milling attachment was designed and placed in an existing Computer Numerical Control (CNC) turning centre. The CNC machine is controlled by mechatronics and has a computer interface. With the newly developed milling attachment, the CNC machine becomes multipurpose and can be used for both milling and drilling operations. It's a small, portable machine that can do a variety of milling operations that would ordinarily necessitate pricey single-purpose machines. This self-powered, vertical-feed, variable-speed precision tool can be mounted anywhere on other machine tools' carriages, tables, rams, turrets, or tool arms. The vibration analysis and surface roughness testing were completed, with satisfactory findings.

Keywords: CNC machine, milling attachment, microprocessor.

Auhor: Narsinha S. Pawde, Prateek Gupta

Abstract: The main goal of the paper is to design a windmill that does not require a generator or ball bearings and produces the maximum amount of power. One of the oldest methods for harnessing renewable energy is the use of wind energy for energy generation. Renewable energy is a critical component of socioeconomic development and economic expansion. Magnetic levitation technology is used to introduce a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) to improve performance. The system makes use of the permanent magnet's nature as a replacement for ball bearings to levitate the turbine component and so reduce energy losses when spinning, which is a key issue that can also be solved by using a normal wind turbine. The Maglev Wind Turbine is expected to push wind energy technology forward. In addition, the system can be used in more rural and urban areas of low-speed regions. The use of magnet materials in wind turbine system design will be discussed. An axial flux generator, which uses permanent magnets and a set of coils to generate power, will then be used.

Keywords: VAWT, Magnetic Levitation, Wind Turbine, Blade hub, Magnet.

Author: Neelam Sharma, Divya Rastogi 

Abstract: The ideal configuration for artificial knee prosthesis (AKP) is movement flexibility, comfort, usefulness, and leg ease. The goal of this research is to look at the stress distribution of a prototype of four-bar linkage mechanical joints, with an emphasis on the shaft buffer, which is similar to the knee joint. The knee joint reaction to dynamic loads when a transfemoral prosthesis is driven for one cycle of motion (cycle gait cycle) is studied using a finite element approach based on commercial software Solidworks®. In order to perform the tasks of the AKP, it is necessary to acquire technical information on the position and profile of von Misses stress of the knee joint for each position. The highest value of von Misses stress is found at the angle of 14.57^o in the phase of mid stance single support, while the smallest value is found at the angles of 0^o at the phase of first contact and 30^o at the phase of terminal stance, according to the analysis.

Keywords: Prosthetic Arm, Biomechanics, Gait Cycle, AKP Joint Mechanism 

Author: Deepika Tyagi, Rahul Rastogi

Abstract: Ultrasonic fuel injectors are becoming more popular due to a growing demand for flexibility in a diesel engine's fuel injection system to fulfil pollution, fuel economy, and noise standards. Furthermore, because to its high boiling point, diesel has a significant mixing issue, resulting in reforming efficiency fluctuations. For efficient diesel delivery, an ultrasonic injector has been developed. Using a piezoelectric transducer, the UI may atomize diesel into tiny droplets. Furthermore, as compared to a non-UI reformer under the same operating conditions, reforming efficiency rise. As a result, fuel may be atomized utilising ultrasonic energy to improve the engine's injection mechanism.

Keywords: Internal Combustion Engine, Fuel Injection, Diesel, Combustion

Author: Ramesh G, Geeta Acharya

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the notion of thermodynamic rules and heat replacement methods. The warmth exchanger is a device that follows thermodynamic laws to transfer warmth and temperature from one material to another. The heat exchanger generation used in the preceding several decades was traditional and inefficient. However, technological advancements have resulted in novel heat exchanger designs. In recent years, plate-fin warmness exchangers have been used in strength flowers and other thermal plants. When compared to shell and tube heat exchangers, these warmness exchangers are made up of corrugated plates, which enhance their efficiency and overall performance. Plate warmness exchangers are simple to construct and disassemble. As a result, inspection, preservation, and cleaning are all spotless. When compared to shell and tube exchangers, fouling in plate type warmness exchangers is reduced by 10 to 25% due to the existence of shear fees and shear stresses, strong turbulence, secondary flow and mixing, and plate corrugation sample. Warmth exchanger friction is significantly smaller in this case.

Keywords: Heat Exchanger, Pipe Arrangement, Thermodynamic laws

Auhor: Gomtesh Balaso Upadhye, Kumar Shivaji Khandekar, Abhishek Chandraprabhu Madnaik, Prathmesh Sanjay Javir, A. B. Khot

Abstract: In the world of developing technology, there are varied types of business victimization hydraulic and gas cylinder for straightforward and fast assembly and for no errors in lifting of job and varied uses.  This form of varied components are used in varied business for zero risk 

Keywords: VMC machine, SK 40 Tool Holder, Fixtures

Authors: Rahul Mane, Govind Yadav

Abstract:  Agriculture is India's economic backbone, providing all of the country's food to roughly 75% of the people. Many methods for growing sophisticated farming have been created in India, however they are beyond of reach for most farmers. As a result of the high cost of protection and purchase. For this reason, it's imperative that we find a means to boost output while still meeting the needs of the suppliers, and this project has come up with a method for doing so while simultaneously reducing the rising malnutrition graph. As a result, we want to create a device known as a "biochemically sieved slurry." This may be afforded by both big and small farms. The gadget is purely agricultural in nature.

Keywords: Biogas, Agricultural Mechanism, Indian Economy, Slurry

Author: P. Hareesh

Abstract: The necessity of this day and age is to solve the problem of water shortage. Although a desalination procedure and other sustainable techniques for solving this challenge are in the works, they are still in the early stages. As a result, using atmospheric dew water as a solution to this problem is an alternative method. Atmospheric dew water offers enormous potential for use in the development of drinkable water. To a significant extent, this source remains unexplored. As a result, the goal of this effort is to extract drinkable water from atmospheric dew water. An experimental setup was created that included a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator to collect water. This water is collected on a daily basis for a 7-month period, and the yield and cleanliness of the water are tested experimentally. The monthly average water yield is estimated on a daily basis, and cost analysis for the generation of every litre of water is done. The results of this investigation indicated that water was generated at a rate of 20 litres per day on average, with an average cost of INR 14.12 /- per litre, which is less than a dollar. This technology has shown to be a consistent and lasting solution to the massive problem of water shortage in humidified geographical places.

Keywords: Broadband, Microstrip Antenna, Reflection coefficient, Stub Matching

Authors: Mashuka Jahan, Md. Shariful Islam

Abstract: Polymer products including polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polypropylene (PP) have a variety of uses in armour, like body and face shields, helmets, armoured vehicle windows, and car bumpers. The most difficult aspect of these applications is ensuring the safety of the users. Since these materials are often subjected to impact loading, it is critical to investigate their failure under such conditions. An analytical model is built in this paper to predict the maximum impact force for low velocity impacts, and numerical simulation is used to predict the same for polypropylene materials. The low velocity impact behavior of polypropylene is investigated up to the elastic limit by using commercially available software ABAQUS 6.13.The type of the simulation was explicit. The maximum force for 20J energy was 18.01 kN and the results are close to the theoretical values.

Keywords: Polycarbonate (PC), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polypropylene (PP)

Author: Rushal Parik

Abstract: The creation of a new framework has been prompted by recent developments in the field of distributed sensors/actuators. The current technology makes use of the thermal mechanical properties of piezoelectric materials, which exhibit unique properties under stress and when exposed to electricity. Vibrations are the primary cause of structural cyclic failure. This mechanical device will help to mitigate this. The aim of this research is to determine the damping characteristics of piezoelectric members as well as the degree of reduction. This damping is made of various materials since it is directly proportional to the system's natural frequency. As a consequence, the obtained governing equations become a multi-physics problem involving mechanical stress-strain combined with piezoelectric electromagnetic properties.

Keywords: Electricity, Power system, ANSYS, Electromagnetic properties

Author: Prof (Dr) Nemailal Tarafder

Abstract: Safety and protective garments are a class of textile fabrics that are designed to protect the wearer from the adverse environment, which may result in injury and even death. High-temperature textiles are such type of materials which temperature can be used continuously at a temperature over 200 Degree Centigrade. The reason for the increased temperature of the fabrics is to affect the strength and other properties important for performance behaviour. Flame retardant finishes for cotton fabrics may be temporary or permanent, depending on the treatments. Best on the type of burning, three categories of flammability are identified. The most important property for thermal comfort protective garment is the comfort of the wearer.

Author: Dr. BSV Rama Rao

Abstract:-Now-a-day’s Computer Numerical Controlled machines are being used in every kind of manufacturing processes. Reliability on CNC machines abnormally increasing. CNC machines easily realize the programs like tool- offset, compensation of tool, various degree of computation, and the ability to send the data and receive it from various sources, including remote sources also. CNC machines move the cutting equipment in light of orders that are pre- programmed and offer high accuracy. Nine experiments are performed and Material Removal Rate, Tool Wear Rate is calculated. Taguchi Method expresses the Uniqueness of Variation of Response Analysis by Using the Signal to Noise Ratio. Aluminum is used as the work piece material to get the optimal levels of MRR and TWR.  ANOVA is used to determine the optimized values for MRR and TWR and Plots of S/N Ratio were drawn.

Authors: Dr. Meenal Raghav, Mr. Arvind Chakole

Abstract:  In the context of escalating environmental concerns and resource depletion, the integration of sustainable materials into mechanical design has become a vital area of research and development. This paper explores the application of a mechanics-based approach to integrating sustainable materials in mechanical systems. It emphasizes the mechanical performance, lifecycle analysis, environmental impact, and economic feasibility of alternative eco-friendly materials. A structured methodology is provided to guide mechanical engineers in incorporating sustainability without compromising structural integrity and efficiency. The paper highlights the challenges, scope, benefits, and real-world implications of embracing sustainable materials in modern mechanical engineering.

Keywords: Sustainable Materials, Applied Mechanics, Biodegradable Polymers, Structural Design, Mechanical Properties

Authors: D Sridevi, B Nagaraju, Ch. Maheswara Rao

Abstract: The present work is to explore the influence of wire electro discharge machining (EDM) process parameters on the multiple performance characteristics of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness characteristics (Ra and Rz). A number of controlled experiments were done on a medium carbon steel EN8 using CNC wire EDM machine. Taguchi’s standard L18 orthogonal array (OA) has been followed for conducting the experiments. The optimal setting of process parameters was analysed by employing entropy method coupled with technique of order preference similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). From the analysis, the optimal combination of process parameters in order to achieve multi-responses is obtained at flushing pressure of 8Kg/cm2, pulse-on-time of 125µsec, pulse-off-time of 55 µsec, wire tension of 6 mm/min, wire feed of 2 Kg-f, servo voltage of 25 volts respectively.

 Keywords: Material removal rate, surface roughness characteristics (Ra and Rz), Taguchi method, technique of order preference similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)

Authors: Pradnesh Lachake, Rajvardhan Takle, Parth Mujumdar, Sumeet Apte, Sonali Mate

Abstract: This report aims to place a part in a rotating indexing plate of a machine without any human assistance. In this report the part is a torque prevention nut. This report includes design and analysis of bowl feeder and magazine for conduction of nut up to the placing system. Two possible placing methods were identified. The first method includes use of a flexible strip fixed to a rigid support and a ram fixed to the power press. The second method consists of a pneumatic cylinder, 5X2 DCV, micro-controller (Arduino board), hosing and associated equipment.

Keywords: Bowl feeder, Placing systems, Flexible strip, Pneumatic cylinder

Authors: S. Mounika, D.V.N.J. Jagannadha Rao

Abstract: The intense localized heating and cooling in the fabrication of welded joints leads to residual stresses and distortion and this reduces the service life of the joint. Prediction of levels of residual stresses before actual fabrication of the joint is necessary to avoid problems associated with residual stresses after fabrication. Weld pass sequencing is one of the methods to reduce residual stresses in the welded fabrication. Finite element method is an alternative method in preference to costly experimental procedures like strain gauging and X-ray diffraction in the estimation of residual stresses. Sequential thermo-mechanical analyses have to be carried out for the prediction of residual stresses using FEM. In this work a thermo-elasto-plastic analyses are carried out to determine the levels of residual stresses in normal welding and skip step welding for various welding conditions of bead on plate welding of mild steel plates. Goldak’s double ellipsoidal heat flux density distribution to model the moving heat source. Non-linear thermo-mechanical properties have been used to compute temperature distribution and residual stresses. Filler element addition is accomplished by element birth-death technique. Kinematic hardening is used to model post elastic behaviour of mild steel. Online thermal cycles of a point on the base metal are captured by thermocouple measurements. The comparison of experimental and numerical thermal cycles yielded good agreements. Longitudinal residual stresses are dominant in normal welding and skip step welding. The comparison of longitudinal residual stresses in normal welding and skip step welding indicated that peak values of these stresses reduced with skip step welding.

Keywords: GMAW, skip step method, temperature distribution and residual stresses.

Author: Dr. BSV Rama Rao

Abstract: Identification of input parameters and along with its range is important task to proceed with the research work especially when some specific methods in DOE like Taguchi, RSM etc. are used. It is preferable to fix the values for few parameters to identify the remaining in non-conventional machining.  Once the selection of parameters is done, the immediate next task is the selection of range of its values. Most of the researchers prefer to have literature survey for this. But, along with the study of the literature, it is always preferable to have one procedure to select the suitable set of values in the orthogonal array as a support. Here, in this paper the selection of range of values for ‘Pulse OFF Time’ is discussed. Out of the four input parameters which are proposed to use in the experiment, three of them are assumed as static and ten experiments were conducted to determine the range for the fourth parameter. As a result of ten experiments, output parameters MRR and SR were found out for the ten unique sets of input values. Modified TOPSIS was applied on these observations and better values of T_off were identified considering high relative closeness of the method applied, along with the values of MRR and SR obtained initially, literature survey, limitations of the machine, to proceed further.

Authors: Dr. Rakesh N. Bhandari, Prof. Meenakshi V. Rao

Abstract: Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that integrates mechanical engineering, electronics, computer science, and control engineering to design and manufacture useful products. The convergence of these disciplines has significantly transformed traditional mechanical systems, enhancing their performance, intelligence, and adaptability. This paper explores the application of mechatronics in modern mechanical systems from the standpoint of applied mechanics. It discusses the evolution of mechanical design, the integration of smart sensors and actuators, control systems, and real-time data processing in enhancing mechanical system performance. Additionally, the paper examines the challenges faced in integrating mechatronic systems and highlights future opportunities and scope in the area of applied mechanics.

Keywords: Mechatronics, Applied Mechanics, Smart Systems, Robotics, Dynamic Modeling

Authors: L. Radhakrishna, N. Gopikrishna

Abstract: Research is aimed at developing a mechanism using a gear train that can be used for lifting weights and loads. For the purpose of driving load we made necessary calculations for achieving end results. Paper reveals in designing relevant components for worthful works at higher expectations and estimations. A thought of that made us to prepare a prototype to lift required loads with lesser efforts. Paper sheaths Design calculations of various components stated and Manufacturing of those elements.

Keywords:  Gear Trains, Key, Shaft, Bearings, Drum, Rope, and other relevant Mechanical sytems and machines for preparation of a prototype

Authors: G. Gopala Krishna, P. Ram Reddy, M. Manzoor Hussain

Abstract:  Aluminium alloy applications are increasing day by day because of many attractive features. The combination of reduction of weight and cost is one of the attractive features of these alloys. Aluminium alloys are the best choice for the reduction of weight and as well as the cost and readily replicable steals in many applications. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process is an efficient and cost-effective process for welding aluminium and aluminium alloys. This process gaining more importance due to a better quality of the joint as it has no effect on the parent metal. This process utilises a non-consumable rotating tool to generate frictional heat between the tool and the abutting surface of the workpiece to accomplish the process. Being a is solid state welding process it  offers various advantages like low distortion, absent of melt-related defects, high joint strength etc., as compared to conventional fusion welding processes. The present butt jointed FSW experimental work initially compared tensile properties of similar (AA6351 with AA6351) and dissimilar (AA6351 with AA5083). Later the effect of impurities (copper and brass) in thin sheet form (0.1 mm thick), inserted in between two similar aluminium alloy (AA6351 with AA6351) combinations during FSW. Tensile test results of similar aluminium alloy combinations using strip (copper and brass) material and without strip material were also compared.

Keywords: Friction Stir Welding, Tensile behaviour, Aluminium AA6351 alloy, Copper and Brass.

Authors: K. Mohamed Kaleemulla, K. G Satish, Yahiya Khan

Abstract: Composite materials changed the picture of materials scope and applications with their wide variety of properties and ease of manufacturing. Especially natural fibre polymer based composites are attained more inclination with their good structural properties, ease of availability and less cost. The purpose of this study is to make use of natural fibre like jute fibre, which is abundantly available in India and to incorporate with synthetic fibre like glass fibre to enhance the mechanical properties. And, to examine the stress induced at the bolt and various parameters effecting the mechanical joint in hybrid fiber reinforced composite material.

Keywords: Jute Fiber, Glass Fiber, Hand Lay-up, e/d Ratio, Joint Strength

Authors:-Mohammed Mostafizur Rahman, Md. Shamim Ahmed, Mohammad Zoynal Abedin

Abstract:-In order to develop highly efficient, low cost, lightweight, and small heat exchangers, the analysis of heat transfer enhancement has always been an interesting topic in the scientific community. In terms of thermal performance characteristics, this paper reviews the investigation of heat transfer enhancement by coiled tubes. It is founded that the heat transfer rates on the external side of a coiled tube are higher than the internal side of a coiled tube and the addition of few amounts of nanoparticles (Al2O3) significantly increases the heat transfer performance up to 1%. The study also summarizes that the best heat transfer characteristics of nanofluid were achieved when it flows through a coiled tube rather than a straight tube and Al2O3 nanofluid provides better performance in the heat transfer enhancement than that of CuO nanofluid in coiled tubes. It is also found that the turbulent heat transfer coefficient in the air could be achieved as much as two times higher and the effectiveness could be achieved as much as two times higher when compared with a straight tube for Reynolds number ranging from 20000 to 45000. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient in the air could be achieved as much as two times higher and the effectiveness could be achieved as much as 1.25 times higher when compared with a straight tube for low Reynolds number ranging from 6000 to 22000.

Authors: Dr. Aniket Sharma, Prof. Meenakshi Raghavan

Abstract: Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has significantly revolutionized structural mechanics by providing robust solutions to complex engineering problems. With increasing demands in engineering designs and analysis, continuous advancements have been made in meshing techniques, material modeling, and multiphysics simulation. This paper presents an in-depth overview of the recent advancements in FEA, emphasizing innovations that enhance accuracy, efficiency, and applicability in structural mechanics. It further explores key developments in high-performance computing and artificial intelligence integration. The paper concludes by identifying current challenges, educational impacts, and future research directions, offering a complete perspective on the evolution and application of FEA in modern engineering.

Keywords: Finite Element Analysis, Structural Mechanics, Advanced Meshing, Multiphysics Simulation, Computational Mechanics