Journal of Embedded Systems & Its Applications ISSN: 3139-2296 (Online)

Authors: Gitanjali Sharma, Manoj Bairagi, Sneha Kulkarni, Anurag Jain

Abstract: Battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) nodes are emerging as an important solution for sustainable sensing, monitoring, and automation systems. These nodes operate only on harvested energy from environment such as light, vibration, RF signals, and thermal gradients. In such systems, firmware design plays a very critical role because hardware alone cannot guarantee ultra-low power operation. Proper firmware techniques like aggressive sleep scheduling, event-driven execution, energy aware task scheduling, and memory optimization decides whether the node can operate continuously or not. This paper reviews the principles and methods for ultra low power firmware development specifically for battery-free IoT nodes. It discusses energy harvesting models, intermittent computing, state retention, communication optimization, and real time constraints. Tables and figures are provided to explain firmware strategies. This review will help embedded designers to understand how firmware architecture directly impacts energy consumption and reliability of battery-less devices.

Keywords: Battery-free IoT, Ultra low power firmware, Energy harvesting, Intermittent computing, Sleep scheduling, Embedded systems, Energy aware scheduling.  

Authors:- Anushka Tyagi , Rajendra Thakur , Srivesh Pandey

Authors:-The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has necessitated the deployment of intelligent systems on resource-constrained devices. Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) is an emerging paradigm that enables machine learning models to run on microcontrollers with limited processing power, memory, and energy budgets. This paper presents a comprehensive review of TinyML architectures designed for resource-constrained microcontrollers. It explores model optimization techniques, inference strategies, and deployment frameworks, highlighting their suitability for real-world applications such as smart homes, wearable devices, and industrial monitoring. Additionally, challenges related to energy efficiency, latency, and security are discussed. Finally, future research directions in TinyML are outlined to provide a roadmap for deploying scalable and efficient AI systems on ultra-low-power devices.

Keywords TinyML, Microcontrollers, Edge AI, Model Optimization, Resource-Constrained Devices, Energy-Efficient Machine Learning, IoT, Embedded AI

Authors:-Rahul Chavan, Meenal Joshi

Abstract:-ARM Cortex microcontrollers have become the dominant processing platforms for modern embedded systems due to their balance of performance, power efficiency, scalability, and rich ecosystem support. They are widely adopted across applications such as Internet of Things (IoT), industrial automation, automotive electronics, medical devices, and consumer products. Despite their advantages, designing embedded systems using ARM Cortex microcontrollers presents several challenges related to power management, real-time performance, memory constraints, peripheral integration, security, and software complexity. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of design challenges associated with ARM Cortex-based embedded systems. It examines architectural features of different Cortex families, discusses hardware and software integration issues, and highlights practical considerations through an industrial IoT case study. The study provides useful insights for engineers and researchers developing reliable and efficient ARM Cortex-based embedded solutions.

Keywords: ARM Cortex, Embedded systems, Microcontrollers, Design challenges, IoT

Authors:-Snehal Uttam Mahamulkar, Prof. R. U. Yawale

Abstract:-As being the fast growing economy India is one of the most populous countries in the world. We are facing terrible road congestion problems nowadays. Due to space and cost, infrastructure growth normally slows down and numbers of vehicles are increasing day by day. The vehicle tracking and monitoring system is used for monitoring a vehicle from any location to any other location at real time. It provides safe environment to all who travels. It would make use of growing technology that based on Embedded Linux board namely Raspberry Pi and stores database at real time. The proposed system works on Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and it is used for vehicle tracking and monitoring mechanism. The GPS gives current location of the vehicle and the GSM is used for communicating with owner by sending an alert message to his or her mobile. The vehicle whose position is required on the web page and who is needed to monitor at real time would make use of this proposed system. Also if the vehicle’s speed goes beyond the specified limit of the value, then also a warning message will be sent from system to the owner mobile. All this information is stored on the web page at client or owner side. This system also features main attractive part that is an automatic high beam and low beam headlight system. System also uses anti-theft system, it provides security before someone tries to steal it. The main purpose of a system is that it should be easily installed and there should be future scope for the improvement.

Keywords: Embedded System, Raspberry Pi, GSM

Authors:-Anurag Kashyap, Sujay Mishra

Abstract:-This paper offers a general introduction to testing embedded systems, including a discussion of how embedded systems issues affect testing process and technologies, and how Rational Test Real Time provides solutions for these issues.

Keywords: Embedded Software Testing, Software Testing, Testing Tools

Authors:-Mehedi Hasan Linkon , Md. Abidur Rahman Siddique , Md. Taslim Arefin

Abstract:-Compared to spraying pesticides manually outdoors, the environment is more closed, and has a high temperature, humidity and so on for operating the spray work in the green-house. In order to protect laborer and reduce labour intensity, we develop a prototype of pesticide spraying robot specially used in the greenhouse. This project work is an engineering solution to the current human health hazards in the confined space of agricultural field is achieved by an autonomous solar spraying robot for use in pest control. It can be observed that the solar based robot system will make precise spraying operation by being a solution to power failures in rural areas. This robot would be able to contribute the minimum input maximum output production system. Due to solar the maintenance and vibration as compared to the petrol sprayer is reduced. Here in this module we designed a robot, which can be controlled by mobile Bluetooth for operation. Its function is to mix the pesticide with water in pre-requisite amount and spray it in forward direction evenly, as per the set dosage.

Robot is controlled with an Arduino Uno by using an android App and in which we use Bluetooth communication to interface controller and android. Controller can be interfaced to the Bluetooth module though UART protocol. According to commands received from android the robot motion can be controlled. Although the productivity of the prototype is not quite efficient, the robot still meets the requirements of pesticide spraying in the greenhouse without human operators

Agricultural robotics is a logical proliferation of automation technology into biosystem such as agriculture, forestry, green house, horticulture etc. Presently a number of researches are been done to increase their applications. Some of the scientist contributions are mobile robot, flying robot, forester robot, Demeter which are exclusively used for agriculture.

Keywords: Rescue rover, Sensor nodes, PIR, LDR

Authors:-Nale Divakar Dipak, Pawar Sadashiv Nivrutti Gajare Ganesh shivaji ,Prof Shivpuje

Abstract:-Security and automation is a prime concern in our day-to-day life. Everyone wants to be as much as secure as possible .Due to the inefficient system security problems are increases. Manual operated system may not be give hundred percent security. GSM based security system is fully automized and efficient system, designed with the help of Microcontroller. In this system various types of alert signals are generated by the system, given to the owner as well as another person or system like police on their cell phones. With the help of this system we gets alert signal on our mobile phone. So this system reduces mainly efforts to carry any another object for getting an alert signals. This process is take the action with in the fraction of the second. We needs security at every place like Bank at home or apartment and also at office cabin ,shops, farms, parkingetc. With the help of GSM module system is transmit the alert signals to the owner. This system is applicable at every place where we need more security with the help of this system we can easily Find out who is entered in secure zone. With the help of CCTV camera system.this system is avoid extra use of energy using atomization.

Keywords: IR (Infra Red)Sensor, GSM(Global System for Mobile) Module, Microcontroller, PIR(Passive Infra Red) Sensor ,CCTV(Closed Circuit Tele Vision)camera , Relay

Authors:-Soniya Rathod, Abhishek Dargude. Vaibhav Thube, Miss. Pallavi Jadhav

Abstract:-Compared to spraying pesticides manually outdoors, the environment is more closed, and has a high temperature, humidity and so on for operating the spray work in the green-house. In order to protect laborer and reduce labour intensity, we develop a prototype of pesticide spraying robot specially used in the greenhouse. This project work is an engineering solution to the current human health hazards in the confined space of agricultural field is achieved by an autonomous solar spraying robot for use in pest control. It can be observed that the solar based robot system will make precise spraying operation by being a solution to power failures in rural areas. This robot would be able to contribute the minimum input maximum output production system. Due to solar the maintenance and vibration as compared to the petrol sprayer is reduced. Here in this module we designed a robot, which can be controlled by mobile Bluetooth for operation. Its function is to mix the pesticide with water in pre-requisite amount and spray it in forward direction evenly, as per the set dosage.

Robot is controlled with an Arduino Uno by using an android App and in which we use Bluetooth communication to interface controller and android. Controller can be interfaced to the Bluetooth module though UART protocol. According to commands received from android the robot motion can be controlled. Although the productivity of the prototype is not quite efficient, the robot still meets the requirements of pesticide spraying in the greenhouse without human operators

Agricultural robotics is a logical proliferation of automation technology into biosystem such as agriculture, forestry, green house, horticulture etc. Presently a number of researches are been done to increase their applications. Some of the scientist contributions are mobile robot, flying robot, forester robot, Demeter which are exclusively used for agriculture.

 Keywords: Solar Panels, Solar Pump, Sprayer, Photovoltaic Cell (PV), Electricity, Bluetooth, ARDUINO.

Authors:-K. V. Jyothi Prakash

Abstract:- Electricity has become one of the basic requirements for human life as it is being widely used for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes [1]. Conserving energy is not just about saving up electricity costs, but also involves being eco-friendly, thereby, protecting the environment. Using a limited amount of electricity to fulfill one’s needs is acceptable. However, it becomes a major issue when people start consuming excess electricity and start wasting it. Over the past years the consumption of electricity has increased massively, people may not notice the negative effects of high consumption of electricity at the moment, but it will have severe consequences later on. In this paper a smart energy meter is proposed with which the consumer will be notified the amount of power consumed by the end of the day such that he can plan the consumption of power. Also the power consumed by the consumer will be notified to the distributor as well as consumer such that no manpower is necessary for meter reading.

Keywords: Smart power meter, Electricity, Consumer, Distributor, Microcontroller, GSM, WIFI

Authors:-Sumit Vilas Wasnik, Prof: P. M. Mankar

Abstract:- This paper portrays the different Night vision techniques. “Night Vision" is referenced as innovation that gives us the supernatural occurrence of vision in all out dimness and the change of vision in low light conditions. This innovation is an amalgam of a few unique techniques each having its own particular focal points and inconveniences. The most widely recognized techniques depicted here are Low-Light Imaging, Thermal Imaging and Illumination's. This paper additionally give brief thought regarding different night vision gadget (NVD) that enables pictures to be created in levels of light moving toward add up to darkness, it likewise clarifies different applications where night vision innovation is utilized to take care of different issues because of low light conditions .

Keywords: Night vision techniques, Noise pollution, Intensity Range, Intensification

Authors:-P.N.S. Sailaja, P. Hemalatha, K. Teena Rani, A. Anil Kumar, D. Pavan Kalyan

Abstract:-This paper is presented about a system of recording student attendance using fingerprint identification that allows students to monitor student attendance or an employee attendance to class or an institution is a true electronically. Biometric identification is one of the oldest methods which have been successfully used in numerous applications. Every person has unique, immutable fingerprints. A fingerprint is made of a series of ridges and furrows on the surface of the finger. The distinctiveness of a fingerprint can be determined by the pattern of ridges and furrows as well as the minutiae points. Minutiae points are local ridge characteristics that occur at either a ridge bifurcation or a ridge ending. It can reduce the presence of fraudulent students or employee and the system can also reduce problems such as the presence of the missing paper and easily damaged. With this system can replace the existing manual system to a more systematic and electronics. This attendance system will be displayed on a computer with more attractive statistics. This system can be used by lecturers to replace the old method of attendance recording, so that the integrity of the attendance record can be upheld. The actual attendance can be recorded and stored in database. The system is also capable of processing the record to determine students who do not fulfill the attendance percentage requirement.

Keywords: Fingerprint, biometric identification, attendance monitoring, immutable.

Authors:-Aditi Sharma, Deepika, Deepak Sharma, Rahul Shandily

Abstract:-The expeditious growth of technology and infrastructure has made our life easier. The development of technology has also increased the road accidents which cause huge loss of life and this is all due to poor facilities and sometimes even because of the unawareness of the accident spot at which the accident has took place and that’s why ambulance service cannot be reached. Our paper will provide a superlative solution to this drawback. Impact sensors can be used in vehicles to detect any collision. An automatic alert to Safety Officers or Ambulances for accident victims in vehicles could be given by developing software and a prototype hardware sensor. The sensor device may be integrated or embedded to the vehicle's collision detection system (for example: like deployment of Airbag, collapsing the steering) so that when accident occurs, sensor and associate software will send a panic signal using the GPS technology to all the GPS enabled ambulances nearby with exact location of accident. The alert may also be sent to police control room. The combination of hardware and software may be suitable for deployment in all type of vehicles. This will help to provide immediate medical assistance to the victim and can save the life. A prototype hardware sensor may be developed which has to be embedded in the vehicle to sense accident / collision. Software may be developed to integrate with the vehicle's GPS software system, which will automatically have activated by sensing the collision and will send alert messages either to police control room or to all GPS enabled Ambulances nearby to attend the accident site with exact location of the accident. This will save valuable time to save the life of victim. According to this paper when a vehicle meet with an accident then the pressure on the impact sensor is detected and the signals then will be passed to the microcontroller Arduino. Microcontroller sends the HTTP Post Request to server through GSM module. The GPS module is used to identify the car’s location. Once the request is send to server it informs to nearby police station as well as to nearby hospitals. The hospital informs to the ambulance and the ambulance reaches there and acknowledges the server. Similarly police also acknowledge the server. This research is able to detect accidents and provide quick help to the victim. This idea can be upgraded by inserting webcam for capturing the image which will help in providing drivers assistance.

Keywords: Microcontroller Arduino, Embedded System, DJango Server, Impact sensor, Google API, Python, GSM, GPS, Agis Database.

Authors:- Sanket Joshi , Priya Kulkarni , Rahul Deshmukh

Abstract:-Safety-critical embedded systems are systems in which failure or malfunction may result in severe consequences, including loss of human life, environmental damage, or significant financial loss. Such systems are widely used in domains such as automotive electronics, aerospace, medical devices, nuclear power plants, and industrial automation. Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) play a crucial role in ensuring deterministic behavior, task scheduling, fault isolation, and timely response in these applications. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the role of RTOS in safety-critical embedded systems. It discusses real-time constraints, scheduling algorithms, inter-task communication, memory management, and safety standards compliance. A reference RTOS-based system architecture is proposed and evaluated through a case study of an automotive braking control system. The analysis highlights how proper RTOS selection and configuration enhance system reliability, predictability, and safety.

Keywords:RTOS, Safety-critical systems, Embedded systems, Real-time scheduling, Deterministic systems

Authors:-Nisarga G. C, Sheethal R, Yashodamma S, Vani H V, Sudha T

Abstract:-Increase of vehicles has been created traffic congestion and traffic jams which is a serious threat for the ambulance to reach its destinations in time. We as engineers have to consider this serious problem and duty to make an easy go for the ambulance during emergency. In a solution to solve this threat to prevent further threat to lives we are going to systemize the sensors which optimizes the traffic light operated by microcontroller which is powered by solar panel. This system reduces the traffic jam and congestion up to certain extent. Microcontroller used here is 89S52 which belongs to MCS-51 family. IR Transmitter and Receiver are placed on either side of the road. When vehicle passes in between IR Transmitter and Receiver, IR System is activated. IR System is controlled by microcontroller and t counts the number of vehicle passing on the road and keeps in memory. When vehicle count exceeds the limit microcontroller create the traffic light delays. Based on vehicle count, microcontroller defines different ranges for traffic light delays and update accordingly. At user pre-defined recording interval it records the vehicle count on a real time base. This recorded data is used to analyze traffic conditions in future. This data could be downloaded through communication between the microcontroller and the computer which is done by the computer administrator (access the traffic condition) on a central computer station access the traffic condition and reduce the congestion by creating traffic light delays.

Keywords: - 89S52, MCS-51, IR transmitter, microcontroller

Authors:-Sunil Choudhary, Rita Jha, Nitin Dev

Abstract:-An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software—and perhaps additional parts, either mechanical or electronic— designed to perform a dedicated function. A good example is the microwave oven. Very few people realize that a computer processor and software are involved in the preparation of their lunch or dinner. In this paper, we will explain the fundamentals of circuit designing in embedded systems.

Keywords: Circuits, Embedded Systems, Fundamental of Circuits

Authors:-Prof. Karimella Vikram , Dr. A. Govardhan

Abstract : The main Objective of this paper is to develop digital watermarking system for authentication of video. Here we present implementation of a visible digital video watermarking system. The system is implemented using Discrete Cosine transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and simulated using MATLAB/ Simulink.

Keywords: - Discrete cosine transforms (DCT), discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and MATLAB/ Simulink

Authors: N. Monoj, E. Ramya

Abstract: Automation systems have become widespread in many process-related operations. This project presents a Domestic automation system which can be controlled via a remote and thereby provides a user-friendly interfacing environment. The main objective of the proposed project is to automate the functioning of domestic appliances using a single remote control which incorporates Internet of Things (IoT), Radio Frequency module, Voice control (Google Assistant) and Android application (Adafruit) If the internet facility is available, the electrical devices are controlled by using IoT, Google Assistant and Android application. In the absence of internet facility, RF module is used.

Keywords: - Home automation system, IoT, RF module, Google Assistant, Adafruit, Node MCU ESP826.

Authors:-Shyamala SC

Abstract:-Wireless Sensor Networks consists of sensor nodes continuously monitoring environment data and then transmitting to the Base Station (BS). If data is not processed before sending to BS, it consumes more energy since energy required for transmission is more compared to energy required for processing. Therefore a Traditional Compressive Sampling (CS) data aggregation method is used. This CS method for each CS measurement more number of sensors are involved leads to ineffective consumption of energy in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). To resolve the issue a new method in the network layer called Weighted Compressive Data Aggregation (WCDA) is implemented in this project. These algorithm sensor nodes are able to control the power to forming energy efficient routing trees and to minimize the consumption of energy by use the sparse random measurement matrix. Another data aggregation method called as Cluster-based Weighted Compressive Data Aggregation (CWCDA) is implemented in this project. CWCDA is the improved version of WCDA and it significantly reduces the energy consumption in WSN model. CWCDA algorithm at each cluster runs the WCDA algorithm to decrease number of sensor nodes participated throughout Compressive sensing. In the algorithm, for each cluster candidate nodes are selected to each collector node forms the collection tree have little structure than the WCDA algorithm. The WCDA and the CWCDA algorithms are compared and an analysis of energy consumption and life time of the network in terms of sink location, CS measurement samples and number of sensor nodes and clusters.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Compressive Sampling, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Cluster-based Weighted Compressive Data Aggregation (CWCDA)

Authors:Mohanarao. CH, Jagadeesh.G, Pavani.I, Sarma S.S.D

Abstract: INDIA is agriculture based country continuous water monitoring system is necessary for some plants. During summer, most of the people are too lazy to water the plotted plants on their roof top gardens every day. An adequate water supply is important for plant growth. When rainfall is not sufficient, the plants need additional water. For that Automatic Plant Watering system is implemented by using Arduino. In this automatic watering on plants is done with the help of soil moist sensors which is connected with Arduino, it sends the information about the % of moist present in the soil to the Arduino and then watering is done through the servo motor based on programing delay.

Keywords: Soil moist sensors, Servo motor, Arduino, Automatic watering

Authors: M. Sripriya, Ch. Syam Sundararao, R. Mahesh3 M. Katyayani, J. V. Gowthami

Abstract: The objective of ambient intelligence is to create an intelligent daily space, which is immediately usable and integrated into our homes, our offices, our roads, our cars, and everywhere. This new concept must be invisible; it must blend in with our normal environment and must be present when we need it. One of the applications of this concept consists of providing our cars and roads with capabilities to make the road more secure (information about the traffic, accidents, dangers, possible detours, weather, etc.) and to make our time on the road more enjoyable (Internet access, network games, helping two people follow each other on the road, chat, etc.). These applications are typical examples of what we call an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) whose goal is to improve security, efficiency and enjoyment in road transport through the use of new technologies for information and communication (NTIC). In this project we are using GSM/GPRS vehicle tracking system and vehicle to vehicle communication system. Vibration sensor detects the accident and using GSM technology it sends the message to another vehicle. If in the case of accident we can detect the location and find the latitude and longitude value. Traditional traffic management systems are based on centralized infrastructures where sensors are implemented along the road, collect information on density and traffic state and transmit this data to a central unit to process it and make appropriate decisions.

Keywords: GSM/GPRS, Traditional traffic management systems

Authors:Mohana rao.CH, Lakshmi kanth Acharyulu.A, Sai Gopal.G, Naveen kumar.M

Abstract: The main goal of this project is to design and implement a cellular based voting system using GSM technology. In this system, only the authorized persons can access to place their vote and any other person is considered as intruder. Here we provide an Arduino board which is acting as an microcontroller and allows to insert the GSM module by which cellular networking is accessed. Voting can be conducted by using a mobile phone through which a vote can be placed for the respective candidate using a GSM module. This involves an Arduino based digital system that will send the vote and counts at each and every finite increment value. As mentioned in the above manner, the entire functionality of the system basically depends on three main parts which are Arduino, GSM module and a Mobile.

Keywords: Arduino, GSM module, Cellular Voting System

Authors: N. Ram Kumar, R.Vinay, M.V.K.Kalyan, P.V.K.Gowtham, P.Anirudh

Abstract: Soil testing and monitoring system by data patterning mechanism”, as the name suggests the main aim of our proposal is to design a low cost implicit kit for testing all the soil nutrients. The core idea and innovation of this proposal is data patterning by Lagrange’s numerical solution methodology. Sensors collect data samples and based on the logic that different nutrients would produce different patterns in data for the same sensors. These patterns of data can be used to detect different soil nutrients. Kit design cost is a major problem solved .The low cost production is possible because of minimal component and maximum technique utilization. As a final outcome the productivity is improved resulting in reduction of agricultural deaths and improvement in economy due growth in agricultural sector revenue.

Keywords: Soil testing, Data Patterning, Lagrange’s solution, Nutrients, Levels

Author: Swapnil More, Pooja Deshmane, Aditya Kulkarni

Abstract: The widespread deployment of embedded systems in Internet of Things (IoT), automotive, industrial control, healthcare, and consumer electronics has significantly increased the system attack surface. Unlike traditional computing systems, embedded devices often operate with limited resources, long life cycles, and minimal physical protection, making them attractive targets for cyberattacks. Software-only security mechanisms are frequently insufficient to counter advanced threats such as physical tampering, side-channel attacks, and firmware manipulation. Hardware-based security techniques provide a robust foundation for securing embedded systems by establishing trust at the lowest system level. This paper presents a comprehensive study of hardware-based security techniques for secure embedded systems. It discusses secure boot, hardware roots of trust, trusted execution environments, cryptographic accelerators, physically unclonable functions, and secure key storage. A reference secure embedded architecture is proposed and evaluated through an IoT gateway use case. The study highlights how hardware-assisted security significantly enhances system resilience against both logical and physical attacks.

Keywords: Embedded security, Hardware security, Secure boot, Root of trust, IoT security

Author: Amit Bansode, Neha Kulkarni, Kunal Jadhav

Abstract:The exponential growth of data generated by Internet of Things (IoT) devices has exposed the limitations of cloud-centric computing models, particularly in terms of latency, bandwidth consumption, privacy, and reliability. Edge computing has emerged as a promising paradigm that brings computation closer to data sources, enabling real-time analytics and intelligent decision-making. Embedded systems form the core of edge nodes, providing computing, storage, and communication capabilities under strict power and resource constraints. This paper presents a detailed study of embedded system architectures designed for highperformance edge computing. It discusses hardware accelerators, heterogeneous processing platforms, memory hierarchies, and software frameworks that enable low-latency and highthroughput edge applications. A reference architecture is proposed and evaluated using a realtime video analytics use case. Experimental analysis demonstrates that optimized embedded edge architectures significantly reduce latency and network load compared to cloud-only approaches.

Keywords: Edge computing, Embedded systems, Heterogeneous architecture, Hardware accelerators, IoT

Authors: R. Kamalakannan, N. Ravi Kumar

Abstract: In a critical situation many vehicles face accident, due to this lot of people lost their. After that accident, some life cannot be saved due to lack of information, time and place. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. E-call is the telecommunication service aimed to provide the automatic notification of the road accident based on the GPS positioning and provision of E-call prioritization within the GSM communication. Suppose when a person met with an accident, the location of the vehicle can be identified by using GPS immediately and emergency number stored in the microcontroller will send accident location as SMS message through GSM modem. Initiative calls from emergency number to relatives, ambulance, police and fire service which are already stored in the server database. With the help of the E-call telecommunication service, the recipient can trace the location which helps to save many life. So, as soon as the recipient reaches the location they will try to save the life of the victim.

Keywords: GSM, GPS, E-Call, SMS, Crash, Victim, PIC, PSP, PEIE, MTPC, WDT, ICSP, MSD, USART, SPI, IIC, SSP, FEC, STOP,PSAP, CRC.