Smart Innovations and Constructions- Book- ISBN- 978-81-953658-0-7

Authors:-Nisarg Patel, Meet Kumar Prajapati, Amit Dhorajiya

Abstract :-Refrigeration and air conditioning are essential applications nowadays. It has a wide range of applications in domestic and industrial VARS, VCRs & VADRS systems that are used nowadays. VARS system is an eco-friendly refrigeration system, and it has a wide range of refrigerants for working. In this paper, we reviewed the most essential 15 refrigerants, studied their thermal characteristics, and tried to find out the best suitable, eco-friendly, nonflammable, and suitable for the VARS system.

Keywords: - Refrigerants, Thermal Properties, Characteristics, Ideal Refrigerant for VARS

Authors:- Dhaval Sodha, Jugal Sanghadia, Brij Trivedi, Anand N. Patel, Bhavin Joshi, Jaydeep Majmudar

Abstract :-The present work proposed a study of the characteristics of various parameters like dry bulb temperature (DBT), Turbine power (TP), Generator power (GP) and specific fuel consumption (SFC). The present work also shows a detailed comparative analysis of variation of characteristics parameters applied to simple cycle gas turbine and absorption cooling technique. To analyse the performance characteristics for the above comparison for a typical metrological year (TMY), transient simulation is carried out.

Keywords: - Turbine Inlet Cooling, Transient Assessment, Absorption Chiller

Authors:-Vihar Solanki, Swati Prajapati

Abstract :-Adsorption refrigeration systems have become promising alternatives in cooling technology for refrigeration and air conditioning applications. Thermal energy is a primary source of such systems for producing cooling capacity with less electricity usage compared to vapour compression systems. Solar energy with free – access and abundant availability in the tropic have great potential as a renewable heat source to drive the adsorption refrigeration system through direct convection from solar irradiation to thermal energy. Paper describes the performance of solar adsorption refrigeration working with activated carbon/ methanol pair. The solar refrigeration has an evacuated tube collector as an adsorber. Solar adsorption refrigeration can be applied to pre-cooling post-harvest agriculture products, mainly tomatoes, before distribution to the grocery stores, end consumers, ice production applications, etc.

Keywords: - Solar Adsorption, Activated Carbon/Methanol Pair, Solar Energy

Authors:-Yash Patel, Prashantsingh Tomar, Bhavesh Mewada

Abstract :-In today's rapidly changing manufacturing industry scenario, implementing the Internet of Things is essential for a manufacturing unit to respond effectively and work efficiently. Internet of Things is a system of sensing, processing and interacting among devices to transfer data over a network without any human to human or human to machine interaction anytime and from anywhere.  Internet of Things can collect data in real time, enhancing the productivity of the manufacturing industries. Nowadays, industries, organisations and enterprises are urging to equip fourth industrial revolution Industry 4.0. It helps in automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes, including the Internet of Things, Cyber-Physical Systems and Industrial Internet of Things. Nonetheless, some challenges still need to be investigated to implement IoT in industries and enterprises.

Keywords: - Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Industry 4.0, Big Data, Cyber-Physical Systems, Cloud Computing

Authors:- Pranjal B. Bhandari, Bhavesh Mewada, Prashant Khanna

Abstract :-Value engineering and its various stages are a fundamental concept used in industry to increase company productivity and eliminate unnecessary processes so that profit can be maximised and the cost of the product minimised. In the last decade, competition in the industrial sector has increased day by day, where manufacturing companies continually need to improve the production lines and product design. Nowadays, production is increased due to an increase in the need for goods, so reducing the total manufacturing cost of products and reducing wastage like part scrap, quality issues, and other product rejection is necessary. The international market leads to competition, and the organisation required by the market provides the consumer with the best value. Product standardisation is important for international trade in goods and services throughout the world.

Keywords: - Value Engineering, Value Analysis, VE Job Plan, Different Phases, Cost reduction

Authors:-Vyomesh R. Buch, Abhi Shah

Abstract :-This paper presents the selection of suitable metal oxide for electrochromic application. There is a need to select a suitable metal oxide that will give the desired optical properties. This research has applied two multiple-attribute-decision-making (MADM) methods to solve the material selection problem. The two methods used in this study are the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method and Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). Opinions from the decision-makers obtain the weights to be used for these methods. A case problem to select the best metal oxide to be used in the electrochromic application is presented in this study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Empirical results show that the proposed methods are viable approaches in solving the metal oxide selection problem. After using both, the method results show that Ta2O5 is the preferred alternative for electrochromic application.

Keywords: - Metal Oxide, Electrochromic, MADM, TOPSIS, VIKOR

Authors:-Maulesh H Parikh, Snehal V Trivedi, Rakesh G Prajapati

Abstract :-The present paper relates to the medical and surgical device that occludes piercing site or insertion site around implant device and prevents infection and leakage. The principle object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical barrier comprising the top layer, the outer layer and the bottom layer wherein the outer layer of said device is connected to the top layer and the bottom layer as the supporting structure, wherein top layer comprises the inlet orifice for the entry of the external fixation pin wherein the outer layer comprises the grip formation region, supporting web structure and the radially extending region. The inlet orifice allows the external fixation pin to enter into the mechanical barrier. The radially extending region of the outer layer is connected with the supporting web structure and the bottom layer, which will constitute to the strength and stability of the mechanical barrier. The bottom layer of the mechanical barrier comprises the outlet orifice, gel cavity layer, wound contact layer and the protective layer wherein the composite gel housing is located at the bottom of the device wherein outlet orifice is located inside the composite gel cavity region.

Keywords: - complications, external fixation, flaps infection bone, osteomyelitis, pin care pin site, prevention treatment wires

Authors:- Rushi Bhatt, Snehal Trivedi, Prashant Khanna

Abstract :-Incremental sheet forming is an advanced and efficient technique for performing forming operations when complex forming shapes or mass production for formed products is taken into consideration. ISF is widespread due to its flexibility in experiments and economically it is much more preferable. Unlike traditional forming methods tool in ISF is controlled numerically by CNC machines and therefore is preferred by great many industries for its applications in forming. For example, light weight alloys are used hugely in automobile industry, so it needs fast and cost efficient process to design and manufacture complex shapes like door frames and bumpers with great geometrical accuracy and good surface quality. This work presents various researches regarding experiments performed in ISF with different areas of focus such as tool geometry, sheet metal thickness, surface finish, sheet material etc. Tool geometry plays a vital role in ISF process when it comes to unusual and complex shapes and hence more and more optimization is in dire need for today’s researchers. Therefore, this literature review would offer a clear idea as to how much success is achieved in ISF and how much work is yet to be done regarding optimization of tool geometries in Incremental Sheet Forming process.

Keywords: - Incremental sheet forming, tool geometry, light weight sheets, FLD (forming limit diagram), Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF).

Authors:- Rishabh J. Tithaliya, Prashantsingh Tomar, Vyomesh Buch

Abstract :-This study is concerned with the influence of ultrasonic vibration in the solidification process. According to the literature review, Solidification process plays main role in increasing the mechanical properties of the material. From implementation of ultrasonic vibration  technique in solidification process enhances the mechanical properties by influencing the casting quality of the material from reducing the grain size and gives more homogenous microstructure. The ultrasonic vibration process also help in reducing the residual stresses and improvement of wear resistance which all leads to enhancement of the mechanical properties.

Keywords: - Ultrasonic vibration, Solidification, casting

Authors:- Patel Rohan H., Unnati A. Joshi, Vyomesh Buch

Abstract :-The coating is a layer of material deposited onto a substrate, enhancing surface properties like corrosion and wear protection. There is a wide range of coating methods to deposit many different material types at thicknesses ranging from just a few microns to several millimetres. In this paper, literature on why the PVD process is suitable, types of PVD methods, their process, application and challenges have been reviewed. There are many coating processes available, but it has limitations to coat few materials only.PVD process covered a wide range of coating materials, and it is also called green coating technology, focus on environmental protection. Many parameters affect the experimental work of PVD (sputtering process) like coating thickness, sputtering gas, gas flow rate, sputtering power etc. A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a carbon allotrope, intermediate between fullerene and flat Graphene sheets. Its structure consists of carbon atoms arranged in cylindrical layers, joined by covalent bonds in a hexagonal pattern that forms a hollow tube. Due to this structure, CNTs provide a very high tensile strength, wear-resistance, and thermal conductivity.

Keywords: - Coating cutting tool, Carbon nanotubes (CNT), Green coating technique, HSS cutting tool, PVD sputtering process.

Authors:- Chintan Patel, Nitesh Patel, Unnati Joshi

Abstract :-Solar energy has been the most versatile and abundant energy source with a limitless supply of solar radiation. An evacuated solar collector nets solar energy from the sun is one of the most suitable and efficient collector types. This paper tried to answer why evacuated collector is preferred, their structure, types of evacuated collectors, applications, and issues reviewed. Many solar absorber systems in the market absorb solar thermal energy and convert it into work. But it has a limitation of working temperature. Many scientists are working to improve the working temperature of these systems. Evacuated solar collector gives promising results in this area, but it also limits lower working temperatures. In this paper, we discuss the application of solar evacuated tube collectors their working and principles. Many parameters affect the performance of the ETSC system, working fluid, coating, mass flow rate, and condenser structure. In this paper, we discuss the individual effect of that parameter and the combined effect of that parameter on the performance of ETSC. We found a significant result in a combination of the parameter. Nanotechnology has its role in improving the working temperature; we survey nanotechnology impact on performance enhancement. Based on all available literature, it can be said that an evacuated tube collector can propose a higher amount of efficiency than the other various types of collector. Few challenges have been identified which need to be wisely taken care of before installing it.

Keywords: - Solar Evacuated Tube Heat Pipe, Working fluid, Inclination angle, Flow rate, Condenser.

Authors:- Sidharth M. Tariyal, Bhavesh Mewada, Sanjay C. Shah

Abstract :-This research is concerned with the fabrication followed by the welding of superalloyelements that contributes highly to the production industry. To add to this, various materials were used, and among them, one is P91. P91 steel has been opted by many researchers over the past two decades because of its application usage in power plants. It is normal to have pipes that need to support steam at temperatures between 570 and 600 °C, along with pressures in the range of 170 to 230 bar. These working conditions are critical for most standard steels, necessitating increased high-temperature mechanical strength and high creep resistance.

Keywords: - Welding, Superalloys, P91, A-tig welding, Tig welding.

Authors:- Maun Vadukul, Aman Mehta, Prem singh Rajpurohit, Parth Patel, Ravindra Gupta

Abstract :-With the increasing demand for automobile vehicle and their usages its influence on environmental pollution and human health, it is very important to engineer it in the best optimum design with respect to its life, emissions and manufacturing cost.  Also, with an increase in the maintenance of various components of vehicles demand new effective design and their analyses have increased. In this work, we focused on the life of the exhaust system of a motorbike in which high-temperature gases pass and get cool and also sound emissions are decreased and then released to the atmosphere. Gases stay more time in silencers than other parts of the exhaust system to reduce the noise level. The uniform heat distribution over the entire exhaust system is important for ensuring the enhanced life of elements in the sub-system. Therefore, uniform heat flow is necessary along the passage surface to minimise the harmful effect of hotspots over the length of the silencer, especially at the outer body of the silencer. We introduced that providing different types of patterns uniform over the surface of the muffler results in better heat dissipation throughout the surface, which will decrease the oxidation rate of metal with oxygen present in air and rust formation. So, we made CAD files using CREO Parametric of mufflers having different patterns on the surface. The pattern designs which can be manufactured easily are to be made. Further CAD models will be analysed in ANSYS by thermal analysis to observe which pattern is best among those made.

Keywords: - Muffler, Silencer, Heat Flux, CFD

Authors:- Chidakash Vyas, Rakesh Prajapati, Uttakantha Dixit

Abstract :-The requirement for consistent quality, standardization, safety and low-cost medical components has become a big challenge for industries' survival in the global market of medical components. Companies applications depend strongly on the success of design, manufacturing and marketing strategies. That is the only way to become successful in the market, and for that, the research and development teams should also be considered. The different companies have been established to meet these requirements for the market. Very often, the design and manufacturing operations to produce medical plastics for the health care market have to be adjusted daily to satisfy increasing strict, government-regulated, bio-medical requirements in addition to all other pressures expected in this market. As a result, medical plastics always seek more systematic ways to improve product quality and produce more at minimum cost. It has now become an important point for consideration in accordance with the customers. Nowadays, Plastic is replacing MS, Aluminium, Glass etc., in all manufacturing industries. Particularly plastic protective cap is replaced with aluminium cap in pharmaceutical industries because of easy to manufacturing and low price.

Keywords: - Medical caps, Protective caps, Intravenous fluid protective caps, Intravenous fluids, Medical caps

Authors:-Vishal Makvana, Snehal Tirivedi

Abstract :-Friction welding is the only till date known method to weld similar as well as dissimilar metals. It is an ordinarily used welding method in various industries like automobile, aeronautical, submarine and heavy-duty industries. Friction welding is a non-conventional force welding process. It is a well-thought-out, most viable alternative to overwhelmed the difficulties faced in conventional connection techniques. Mostly used for joining material with variable mechanical and physical properties. We have mostly been attentive to Rotary Friction Welding (RFW). Our main objective is to understand the fundamental understanding of Friction Welding. This method changes kinetic energy into heat energy, manufacturing high-quality weld with a strangely high-efficiency coefficient. Experimental tests demonstrate the efficiency of this rotational friction welding system by using various parameters like rotational speed, temperature, pressure on the material. Also, experiment on the mechanical strength of the similar and dissimilar material, its experimental determination in real-time is fundamental for understanding and characterised the main process step and optimisation of parameters.

Keywords: - Friction Welding, Similar joint, Dissimilar Joint, Continuous-drive Friction Welding (CDFW), Rotary Friction Welding (RFW), Tensile strength, Hardness, Microstructure

Authors:- Gaurav P Bandhania, Prashant Singh R. Tomar, Tejas Vyas

Abstract :- Abrasive jet machining offers a solution to the expanding need for machining of brittle materials like single crystals, glasses and polycrystalline ceramics and to perform critical machining to provide complex shapes and workpiece profiles. This machining process is non-thermal, non-chemical, creates no change in the workpiece's microstructure and chemical or physical properties and offers virtually stress-free machined surfaces. Due to that, it is used extensively in machining hard and brittle materials, which are difficult to cut by other traditional methods. There are many process parameters like Abrasive mass flow rate (AMFR), Stand of Distance (SOD), Nozzle diameter, Pressure, abrasive grain size, and traverse speed that affect the performance of the abrasive jet machine. Due to all these process parameters, we can obtain many response parameters like Material Removal Rate (MRR), surface roughness, depth of cut, Radial over cut, taper angle. This paper discusses the individual effect of those parameters on different materials like Alumina ceramic, Glass fibre, Nickel 233 alloys, Kevlar epoxy composites, porcelain tiles, and soda lime glass. This paper presents a literature review to understand the effect of different process parameters like Abrasive grain size, Pressure, SOD on different materials to improve quality and accuracy on an abrasive jet machine.

Keywords: - Abrasive mass flow rate (AMFR), Stand of Distance (SOD), Pressure, MRR;

Authors:- Meet L Patel, Dhaval Patel, Abhi Shah

Abstract :- Reducing weight and stabilising or upgrading the energy is extra crucial. Automotive and related industries are making progress in replacing the conventional metallic leaf spring with composites cloth crafted from glass fibre, natural fibres, and so forth. The mono leaf spring has fabricated the usage of hand lay-up technique, which tends to be clean and price effective. The present dimensions of a traditional Tata Ace leaf spring are decided on for modelling and evaluation. Stress and deflection are examined experimentally by using flexural attempting out. The hardness of the composites is determined with the assist of Rockwell and Brinell hardness trying out the device, and the values are correlated with each distinct. Leaf spring is modelled in CREO Parametric 2.0 and brought in ANSYS for the numerical analysis. The results suggest that the composites have reduced weight up to 75% in evaluation with the conventional one. With decreased element weight and higher performance is done using composite material, replacing traditional cloth with that of the composite is efficient. The efficiency of a vehicle will improve with a reduced thing cost while a composite leaf spring is used.

Keywords: - Glass fibre, sisal fibre, leaf spring, FEA, FMEA, numerical analysis

 

 

Authors:- Ghariya Hanshraj B., Bhupesh Goyal, Rakesh Prajapati

Abstract :-Today’s world is trying to find more efficient energy storage systems for unconventional energy sources like wind energy, solar energy, etc. Porous materials which pursue increment in surface area also one of the solutions for the storage of energy received from unconventional energy sources. In solar parabolic trough collector, hollow pipe of aluminum or copper material is used as absorber which is generally used to receive the reflected rays of sun. The pipe is covered with evacuated tubes for the better absorption as well as to reduce convection. The heat is then transfer to liquid passing through that for the increase in temperature. In place of the hollow pipe absorber, porous material can be utilized which increases the heat transfer rate due to increment in surface area as well as decrement in velocity. In this review article, literature has been discussed for such absorber made of copper or aluminum metal foam which increases the efficiency of the solar parabolic trough collector.

Keywords: - Solar Parabolic trough collector, Metal foam, Thermal efficiency, Energy storage;

Authors:-Uttamprakash S. Patel, Tejas Vyas, Uttakantha Dixit

Abstract :-This Article Considers Investigation Procedure for Friction Stir attachment in aluminum Alloy, via management of tool Profiles. FSW process allows the benefits of solid-state joining for fabrication of continuous linear welds, the most common form of weld joint configurations. The key element of the method is that the specially designed rotating tool that has two essential parts. The primary part is the profiled pin (or probe) extending on the axis of the rotating part. The second a part of the tool is that the Shoulder. The shoulder is that the working surface of the tool, normal to the axis of rotation. The project aim is to weld two plates of aluminum Alloy using different tool profiles and different welding parameter like Rotation speed, Traverse speed, Axial load and to optimize the strength of joint.

Keywords: - Frictions stir welding, tool rpm, tool feed, tool tilt angle;

Authors:-Ravi Kanet, Bhupesh Goyal

Abstract :-The major issue whilst implementing manoeuvres are acceleration, braking and guidance for the protection control, which in the long run depends on the street and tyre floor friction. To withstand the vertical hundreds and hold accurate traction with the touch floor, pneumatic tyres with a high extent of pressurised air are required. To enhance the consolation, coping with, and grip with low unsprung mass, non-pneumatic tyres are wanted, which are not bolstered with air pressure. The decreased impact of rolling resistance added cushioning effect, and better cell shear band design multiplied the performance degree than pneumatic tyres. Here, the air is replaced via poly-composite spokes that eliminate the possibility of the tyre going flat. This paper specifically discusses the environmental impact and stability troubles of conventional pneumatic tyres and makes a speciality of an airless tyre's diverse, viable layout and additives. This paper additionally gives the modelling and analysis of non-pneumatic tyres followed via three-D published sealed version using ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) and TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane). Honeycomb based mobile shear band products of polyurethane are tested with unique shear band angles and loading conditions. The simulation results show that a shear perspective of 120o for non-pneumatic tyres is maximum promising and provides higher rides and luxury.

Keywords: - Additive Manufacturing, Analysis, Design, DMLS, SLS.

Authors:- Purvesh Y. Parmar, Jagdish Pampania, Vyomesh Buch

Abstract :-Frequently, manufacturing equipment is utilised without a planned maintenance approach. Such a procedure regularly results in unplanned downtime, owing to unexpected failures. Scheduled maintenance replaces components regularly to avoid sudden equipment stoppages but increases the time associated with machine non-operation and maintenance costs. In today's rapidly changing scenario, the fourth industrial revolution has started implementing worldwide. New concepts were born together with this new revolution, such as predictive maintenance. This study investigates failure prediction, and the prediction of failures considers concepts as predictive maintenance. We conduct literature to analyse academic articles that were published until the beginning of October 2020. This article adds to the field of predictive maintenance to feature the difficulties of implementing and use-case. We finish up by calling attention to that predictive maintenance trending topic in the context of Industry 4.0.

Keywords: - IoT, Industry 4.0, Predictive maintenance

Authors:- Bhavin R. Panchal, Snehal Trivedi, Prashant Khanna

Abstract :-In a competitive industrial scenario, lean manufacturing is much effective in every industry. Lean manufacturing has various forms as lean management, lean production. It is a very effective technique for overcoming non-value-added activity as well as time. Lean manufacturing is also helping full to reduce waste. Waste in the form of a non-value-added exercise and poor quality of the product. Waste are seven types in industry transport, inventory, motion, waiting, overproduction, over-processing, defect. It is eliminated with the help of lean manufacturing. It is a system that gives the production of goods/services with minimum total costs. This paper provides the literature survey on the industries to apply lean manufacturing to the automobile industry, pharmaceutical companies, oil industry, and other manufacturing industries. Also, refer to other papers that give information about lean manufacturing—and introducing lean.

Keywords: - machine ideal time analysis, 5S, SMED, process layout optimisation

Authors:- Pratik Mistry, Jayesh kumar Pitroda, Sumit Phugat

Abstract :- The construction scenario is changed from an ancient working system to the current working system. There are several innovative techniques improved in the last decade. The structures are now light in weight, but load-carrying capacity more simultaneously constructions of building technique also improve. Nowadays, the automation technology used for constructing a building saves money and time along with labour safety. It would not be an overstatement that it is the "Ideal construction Technique". The term "Ideal Construction Technique" means to reduce wastage of material, labour safety, increases productivity, material management, labour management, improve quality of work and within estimated duration and cost. This research's framework is focused on developing preventive factors of implementation of automation technologies in construction industries. The research area covers four main aspects: level of using advanced technologies in various countries, knowledge about automation technologies, future opportunities, level of uses in the construction area, and impact of utilisation of automation technologies.

Keywords: - Automation Technologies, Advancement, Construction Management, Labour safety, Productivity, Robotics Technologies.