Journal of Ceramics and Concrete Technology. ISSN: 2457-0826 (Online)

Authors:P. Guruswamy Goud, S.Priyanka, J.Anvesh, K.Prabhakar

Abstract:Concrete consumption has risen as a result of rapid global infrastructure development and increased material science, among other causes. Cement, an essential component of concrete, bonds the various solid components together to produce a cohesive mass. Cement manufacture produces a significant amount of greenhouse gases, accounting for about 10% of global carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) emissions. This, combined with a rise in environmental activism, has resulted in the creation of a number of novel solutions & supplementary cementitious materials. Palm oil fuel ash (POFFA) is a unique industrial byproduct that results from the burning of palm oil wastes in power plants for electricity generation. It is a highly reactive substance with strong pozzolanic tendencies and adequate micro-filling capacities. A review of concrete strength as influenced by the use of POFFA as a partial replacement for cement in concrete is offered in this research. The compressive strength of concrete as effected by the % replacement & fineness of POFFA in concrete is mainly explored here, based on data published in the literature on the utilization of POFFA in blended concrete. The benefits & drawbacks of POFFA in concrete are also discussed.

Keywords- palm Oil, Fuel fly Ash; Concrete, Physical and Chemical Properties of POFFA, Fineness Effect of POFFA, Strength Development of Concrete

Authors:S. Priyanka , P. Guruswamy Goud , J. Anvesh , K.Prabhakar 

Abstract:The infrastructure of a country or state depends on the development of innovative ventures constructed in that state/ country. Due to increase in construction the natural aggregates are depleting day by day. So the recycling technique is adopted in construction field. Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) is one of the approaches for this need. The strength of concrete decrease with increase in the percentage of recycled coarse aggregate but there are methods to increase the strength of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) such as surface treatments, two stage mixing and pozzolanic material. In this project the method of using pozzolanic material and two stage mixing method is studied, here fly ash is used as pozzolanic material. The paper investigates about the effect of replacement of fly ash on fresh and hardened properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Most of the research work done on replacement of coarse aggregate with recycled aggregates about 25%, 50%, 75% & 100% and fly ash is used to replace ordinary Portland cement by 10% & 20% to improve the workability and strength of recycled aggregate concrete. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of recycled aggregate concrete is compared with the conventional concrete.

Keywords:Compressive strength, fly ash, ordinary Portland cement, Recycled coarse aggregate, Split tensile strength. 

Authors:Ananya Pandey, Dipali Sharma

Abstract:Concrete, being the most widely used construction material globally, contributes significantly to environmental degradation due to its high cement content. Cement production is associated with substantial carbon emissions and consumes large amounts of natural resources. In recent years, sustainable concrete technology has gained attention as an effective solution to reduce the environmental impact of concrete production. One approach to achieving sustainability in concrete is by incorporating industrial by-products as partial cement replacements. This paper presents an overview of the potential benefits, challenges, and the state-of-the-art practices of incorporating industrial by-products in concrete mixtures as a partial cement replacement, with a focus on its environmental, economic, and technical implications.

Keywords:Sustainable concrete, Industrial by-products, Cement replacement, Environmental implications, Economic considerations, Technical performance, Challenges, Future perspectives, Circular economy, Green building.

Authors:Jagdish Rajawat, Shankar Tanwar

Abstract:Concrete is the most widely used construction material globally due to its excellent compressive strength, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. However, in aggressive environments, such as exposure to high levels of moisture, chemicals, and extreme temperatures, concrete is susceptible to deterioration, leading to a significant reduction in its service life. This paper aims to explore the challenges posed by aggressive environments to concrete durability and to discuss potential solutions to enhance its performance and longevity.

Keywords:Concrete Durability, Aggressive Environments, Chemical Attack, Freeze-Thaw Cycles, Abrasion and Erosion, Carbonation, High-Performance Concrete (HPC), Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs), Corrosion-Resistant Reinforcement, Surface Sealers and Coatings, Nanotechnology, Self-Healing Concrete, 3D Printing, Smart Monitoring and Sensors, Resilience Design.

Authors:Dr. Umesh Kumar, Yogender Singh Kushwah

Abstract:Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their exceptional properties, making them promising materials for high-temperature applications in various industries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in CMCs, including their manufacturing techniques, microstructural engineering, mechanical properties, and potential applications in extreme environments. Additionally, the challenges and future prospects of utilizing CMCs in high-temperature applications are discussed to shed light on their role in advancing modern technology.

Keywords-Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs), High-temperature applications, Manufacturing techniques, Microstructural engineering, Mechanical properties, Aerospace propulsion systems, Gas turbine engines, Nuclear reactor components, Thermal protection systems, Sustainability

Authors:Dr. Arun Kumar Bhat , Shubhamangala G 

Abstract:Concrete structural degradation due to reinforcement corrosion is a major durability issue all over the world, particularly when exposed to a marine or harsh environment. When exposure exceeds the limit state, bond strength and compressive strength come into account. In the present work, we have considered concrete parameters like concrete cover, embedded length, steel type and diameter of the bar and temperature and relative humidity as atmospheric parameters. By making trials and errors like varying concrete parameters to minimum and maximum for constant value of atmospheric parameters values predicting the compressive strength and bond strength and plotted graph for the same to show the variation. Determined Temperature Humidity Index (THI) with respect to temperature and relative humidity to predict the heat stress in structures.

Keywords:Corrosion, atmospheric parameters, bond strength, MATLAB.

Authors:Rakshith Kumar Shetty, Keerthan Shetty

Abstract:The construction industry has relied far too heavily on traditional building materials that are derived directly from the earth. In this experiment the bond strength of  8  mixes were determined. Out of the many and varied possible combinations of construction materials, this study is focused on one such factor, namely the use of recycled  coarse aggregates in concrete and their bond behaviour  with the concrete-steel bar interface. It was found that the cubes' compressive strength gradually decreased as the percentage of recycled coarse aggregate increased; similarly, the values for bond strength tended to decline as the percentage of recycled coarse aggregate increased, with the least value at 100% replacement of natural coarse aggregates in both tests.

Keywords-:Natural Coarse Aggregate (NCA), Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA),Waste Foundry Sand (WFS).

Authors Name:- Dipanjali Ghosh, Momita Mukherjee

Abstract:- The production of high-quality and efficient concrete products is critical in the construction industry. Finely-grained concrete, made using fine aggregates and a low water-to-cement ratio, has gained popularity due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. Roller formation technology is widely used in the production of finely-grained concrete products, such as blocks and pavers. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of roller formation technology in the production of finely-grained concrete products. The study compares the compressive strength, surface finish, and production time of concrete products produced using traditional methods and roller formation technology. The literature review suggests that roller formation technology can improve the quality and efficiency of concrete products. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights into the use of roller formation technology in the construction industry and its potential benefits in terms of efficiency and quality. The results of the study can be used by the construction industry to improve the production process and produce high-quality and efficient concrete products.

Keywords:- Finely-grained concrete, roller formation technology, efficiency analysis, compressive strength, surface finish, production time, construction industry, high-quality concrete products

Author Name:- Mahek Gupta

Abstract:- Composite hollow steel columns filled with lightweight concrete are an effective and efficient solution for various structural applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the behavior, design, and application of composite hollow steel columns filled with lightweight concrete. The combination of high-strength steel and lightweight concrete results in a composite material with improved properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness, and high durability. The paper discusses the various considerations involved in the design of composite columns such as strength, stiffness, buckling resistance, and fire resistance. The use of composite columns in construction projects, such as high-rise buildings, bridges, and retrofitting existing structures, is also discussed. This review paper aims to provide a better understanding of composite hollow steel columns filled with lightweight concrete and their applications, as well as their potential for future development.

Keywords:- Composite columns, hollow steel, lightweight concrete, high strength, high stiffness, high durability, design considerations, buckling resistance, fire resistance, structural applications.

 

Authors Name:- Deepika Kumar, Renu Sharma

Abstract:- Concrete is the most widely used construction material worldwide, and cement is the most critical component of concrete. The production of cement is energy-intensive and produces a significant amount of CO2 emissions. One solution to reduce the environmental impact of concrete production is by using supplementary cementitious materials such as Hypo sludge. Hypo sludge is an industrial waste product that is produced during the manufacture of paper. This research investigates the durability characteristics of concrete with partial replacement of cement by Hypo sludge. The research involves casting and curing of specimens, testing the durability of specimens, and comparing the results with traditional concrete. The results of the research show that partial replacement of cement by Hypo sludge can improve the durability of concrete, which makes it a viable alternative to traditional concrete.

Keywords:- Durability, Concrete, Hypo sludge, Cement, Replacement

Author Name:- Govind Rao

Abstract:- This research paper investigates the fire behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) flat slabs containing recycled ceramic aggregate (RCA). The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of RC flat slabs with RCA under fire exposure and compare it with conventional RC flat slabs. The experimental program includes three types of RC flat slabs: a control slab made of conventional concrete, a slab with 25% RCA, and a slab with 50% RCA. Each slab was subjected to a fire test in a standard furnace. The results show that the RC flat slabs with RCA have similar fire resistance performance as the control slab. However, the slabs with RCA showed better spalling resistance due to the lower porosity and water absorption of RCA. This study provides valuable insights into the use of RCA in RC flat slabs for sustainable construction.

Keywords:- Recycled ceramic aggregate, reinforced concrete flat slab, fire behavior, fire resistance, spalling resistance.

 

Authors:  Aishwarya A. Maindkar, A. I. Dhatrak, S.W Thakare, P. V. Kolhe

Abstract: When impure dolostone or limestone is subjected to high temperature and pressure, it will leads to formation of Wollastonite. Wollastonite is a Calcium silicate mineral (CaSiO₃) that may contain small traces of other minerals like Iron, Magnesium, and Manganese substituting for Calcium which is available in many location below the ground surface. Wollastonite can frame a progression of strong arrangements in the CaSiO₃-FeSiO₃ framework or the aqueous combination of stages in the MnSiO₃-CaSiO₃ framework. Since Wollastonite powder is inexhaustible, bio-degradable, naturally well-disposed and minimal effort material, they have comparable physical and mechanical properties of other added substances like lime. Wollastonite powder has exceedingly potential application as fortifying segment for soil support.

Keywords: Black cotton soil, Soil stabilization, Wollastonite.

Authors:- Subhod Gupta, Alok Kumar, Rahul Purohit

Abstract:- Concrete's poor tensile strength has a number of negative ramifications for its performance as an efficient construction material. This includes the necessity to support rebars as well as the need for thick-walled components that are visually appealing and use a lot of aggregates. In many metropolitan places, the total is becoming increasingly rare. RPC (reactive powder concrete) is a revolutionary technique that overcomes these constraints. To avoid the linked difficulties, avoid aggregation in RPC. RPC is made composed of very fine particles (cement, sand, quartz powder, and silica fume), optional steel fibres, and superplasticizers. The chosen dosage superplasticizer decreases the processability of the W/C ratio in concrete. By optimising the packing of dry, finely powdered particles, an extremely dense matrix is generated. RPC's low porosity makes it extremely durable. RPCs enable the use of reinforced concrete structures composed of elongated structures with enhanced seismic response, and therefore pseudoplastic cold ceramics may be applied in various industries. The research focuses primarily on the workability of reactive powder concrete, which can alter its strength. The primary goal of our project is to investigate the effects on RPC compression strength of modifying or varying the dose of concrete components such as silica fume and super plasticizers.

Keywords:- Tensile strength, RPC compression, Concrete, Elongated structures.

Authors:- Dr. Muruli Prashad, Avantika Singh, Mukul Pathak

Abstract:- The emergence of industries nowadays shows a country's progress. The need for residue removal will surely rise as a result of this expansion. Land dumping is one of the more conservative methods of disposing of such industrial waste, but it requires a significant area of precious land. Because of the demand for sustainability, there are currently several possibilities that imply that these waste products will be used as construction materials in a range of civil engineering applications. Kota stone waste aggregate and slurry pollute the environment in mining and industrial locations. There is no mechanism for appropriately disposing of Kota stone waste. Several mounds of Kota stone waste aggregate have accumulated as a result of trash dumping in the area. A laboratory-based experimental study was conducted to decrease the environmental effect of various types of residuals with the objective of attaining sustainability by reducing, recycling, and reusing waste aggregates to their optimal purpose. Several research have claimed that stone mining and cutting detritus should be used as an aggregate in concrete compositions. To evaluate the material's efficacy, different percentages of kota stone aggregates (KSA) were replaced for natural aggregate (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%), and the mechanical characteristics of the concrete mix were evaluated.

Keywords:- Mechanical properties, Quarry waste, sustainability, Workability, Concrete mix, Compressive strength.

Authors:- Dr. Rakesh Panchal, Subhash Mohara

Abstract:- This paper looks at commercially available synthetic fibres, particularly nylon and jute fibre. The weight of the fibres was varied from 0% to 1.0% of the weight of the cement for measuring compressive strength.

Keywords:- Fibre, Nylon, Cement, Sand coarse.

Authors:- Piyush Jindal, Alok Kumar

Abstract:- Cement, which is commonly used to connect construction materials, has affected not just the construction sector but also environmental design systems. The mass manufacturing of cement from heavy mineral rocks (plaster of Paris) is known to generate enormous volumes of mineral waste and necessitate the use of ball mill processing devices. Partially substituting cement with eggshell ash in M20 grade concrete at 20, 30, and 40% is investigated in this study.

Keywords:- Eggshell ash powder, OPC cement, Coarse aggregate, Fine aggregate.

 

Authors:- Dr. Nitin W. Ingole, Prof. Sagar D. Malkhede, Karan J. Deshmukh

Abstract:- Concrete is the most consumed material, with three tons every year used for every person in the world. Two fold the amount of concrete is used being developed as any excess design materials united. Concrete has magnificent brand name in compressive strength, yet low in unbending nature. Steel commonly used in supporting material by virtue of high flexibility. The use of steel as supporting material is limited in light of the fact that it is excessive and moreover has an effect on air defilement during its collecting collaboration. As a decision to vanquish this issue, bamboo material has been used as a replacement of help in concrete. Bamboo is a sensible material since it is a trademark material, unassuming and besides open material. In this exploration, the presentation of bamboos as an elective material in upheld concrete has been surveyed. Versatility preliminary of bamboos has been performed to perceive the yields pressure of bamboos. The usage of gainful cementations materials, for instance, fly debris has seen a steady improvement among the new examinations as a moderate and feasible solution for mostly substantial replacement. A troublesome issue while replacing concrete is that the significant materials impact significant properties contrastingly as shown by various elements, for instance, the grade of concrete, the degree of replacement, reestablishing periods and environment condition.

Keywords:- Bamboo, Fly ash, Reinforcement, Economical, Durable.

Authors:- Neelam Bhandari, Suman Rai, Prof. Sudha Goel

Abstract:- Industrial and agricultural waste is being used in waste reduction initiatives. This waste utilisation should not only be cost effective, but also contribute to long-term growth. Over the years, there has been a lot of attention on sustainable development, with a particular emphasis on reducing environmental consequences and reusing garbage. Researchers have been looking for alternatives to cement in concrete due to the environmental impact of cement production facilities' carbon dioxide emissions. Several industrial and agricultural wastes have been identified as excellent eco-friendly binders. Sugarcane bagasse is one of the most major industrial waste products generated in India, and it is obtained by boiling sugarcane at extremely high temperatures. Because it includes amorphous silica, this commonly accessible ash may be substituted with concrete. In this investigation, solid ash from M20grade concrete is added by weight at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Concrete was prepared and evaluated for durability and compressive strength after 7 days and 28 days. 35 days, 56 days, and 90 days are all possible.

Keywords:- Split tensile strength, Sugarcane Bagasse Blended Concrete, Compressive strength

Authors:- Kavita Gupta, Rahul Shrivastava

Abstract:- The strength, water tightness, and average density of modified expanded clay lightweight on several types of sands were explored in this study. Quartz sand, expanded clay sand, and granulated foam glass sand were all utilised. It is demonstrated that structural lightweight expanded clay concrete on light sand from granular foam glass is useful for reducing the weight of thin-walled hydraulic systems. The average density of lightweight expanded clay concrete on a mixture of quartz sand and granulated foam glass was determined to be 1400-1440 kg/m3, the water tightness is W10-W12, the compressive strength is up to 21 MPa, and the tensile strength in bending is up to 5 MPa. Foam glass interstitial barriers feature an amorphous vitreous structure. The lightweight expanded clay concrete with granulated foam glass sand is weather resistant and strong enough for thin-walled constructions.

Keywords:- Water Tightness, Expanded Clay, Concrete, Foam Glass, Sand

Authors:- Syed Afzal Basha, A Vinod Kumar, S Akhil Tej, C Bala Hussainy

Abstract:- The current paper addresses the potential use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a cementitious material in concrete mixes. Cement is generally noted to be the costliest constituent of concrete. The whole construction industry is looking for a reasonable byproduct that would limit the utilization of cements and eventually decrease the construction cost. Rice husk ash (RHA) which has the pozzolanic properties is one among the best options. In this experimental work, an attempt is made to utilize rice husk ash as a partial substitute of cement in concrete. M30 grade of concrete is designed as per the guidelines of IS: 10262 – 2009 and IS: 456 – 2000. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was supplanted with Rice husk Ash (RHA) by weight at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Tests were performed on fresh and hardened concrete. Physical tests carried out were slump test on fresh concrete and Compressive Strength test and split tensile strength tests were performed on hardened concrete at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The test outcomes revealed an optimum strength at 20% replacement level beyond which the strength reduced gradually with the replacement of OPC with RHA.

Keywords:- Concrete, Ordinary Portland cement, Rice husk ash

Authors:- Syed Afzal Basha, Prof. B. Jayarami Reddy

Abstract:-The utility of recycled ceramic waste as partial replacement for coarse aggregates in concrete has been investigated. Ceramic tile waste pieces left over after fixing the tiles have been used for the investigation. Concrete mixes with a 28 days characteristic strength of 25 MPa were prepared using water / cement ratio of 0.4. The strength development of the concrete mixes containing ceramic tile pieces was compared to that of conventional concrete. The results show that the concrete mixes containing ceramic tile aggregates achieve strength levels between 80 to 95 % compared to conventional concrete. This indicates that the recycled ceramic waste has a potential to be used as coarse aggregates in concrete. The results of experiments indicated an optimum of 10% replacement of ceramic tile pieces as coarse aggregate content in concrete.

Keywords:- Ceramic tile pieces, concrete, compression, split tension.

 

Author:- P. Guruswamy Goud

Abstract:- Concrete is the most common used material for construction and their design consumes almost the total cement production in the world. The use of large quantities of cement produces increasing CO₂ emissions and as a consequence the greenhouse effect. A method to reduce the cement content in concrete mixes is the use of Flyash and silica fines. One of the silica fines with high potential as cement replacement and as concrete additive is nano-silica (NS). This would save not only the natural resources and energy but also protect the environment with the reduction of waste material. The present work deals with addition of Flyash and Nano-silica to concrete as partial replacement to cement in 10%, 20% & 30% and dosages of 1%, 1.5% and 2% respectively by weight of cement. Based on early research M20 grade concrete has been chosen for this work. The mix design was prepared using IS: 10262-2009 Guidelines for concrete mix design proportioning. In the present work 117 numbers of specimens were casted (78 numbers of cube moulds and 39 numbers of cylinder moulds) with addition of Flyash and Nano-silica in different proportions which are tested for compressive strength and split tensile strength. Addition of Nano-silica to normal cement concrete show increase in compressive strength and decrease in splitting tensile strength. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis evidence the direct involvement of Flyash and Nano-silica in region of specimen.

Keywords:- Nano-silica, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)

Author: A. Sravani

Abstract: Applications of polymer based binder material can be an ideal choice in civil infrastructural applications since the conventional cement production is highly energy intensive. Moreover, it also consumes significant amount of natural resources for the large-scale production in order to meet the global infrastructure developments. On the other hand the usage of cement concrete is on the increase and necessitates looking for an alternative binder to make concrete. Geo-polymer based cementitious binder was one of the recent research findings in the emerging technologies. More studies in the recent past showed a major thrust for wider applications of geopolymer binder towards a cost economic construction practice. This also envisages the reduction of global warming due to carbon dioxide emissions from cement plants. The present study is aimed at providing a comprehensive review on the various production processes involved in the development of a geopolymer binder.

Keyword: Geopolymer concrete, compressive strength split tensile strength, workability

Authors: Raisa Jabeen, Sanjeev T P, Shivaprasad H

Abstract: Dam is a structure used to store the water and use it for irrigation, human consumption, Industrial use, Agriculture, Navigability etc during droughts. Objective of the paper is to increase the dam capacity by dredging the soil from Full Tank Level to Dead Storage Level by Excavation and Suction method. The study area focused is Krishna Raja Sagara dam (KRS). The present storage capacity of the KRS is 45.05tmcft.Therefore, by removing the soil from the reservoir the capacity of the dam is increased it’s twice and thrice. Trapezoidal method is preferred for calculating the capacity of the dam for excavation purpose. According to the Government regulations, Mother Earth of the dam is not allowed to touch due to seepage problem. If the Government permits to excavate the soil from the mother earth, the cylinder consisting rotor and sieves is placed at the excavating area in the tilted angle. The excavated soil is sent through the funnel and the water is pumped into the rotating cylinder to separate the gravel and sand. The left-out clay is spread as blanket so that to overcome the seepage problem. Gravels remained is used for road and embankment construction, Crushed gravel powder can be used as ingredient in the mortar. This study concludes that instead of constructing new dam or raising the bund height, capacity of the dam can be increased as mentioned above

Keywords: Increasing dam capacity, Excavation, Dredging, Seepage, Blanket

Authors: Syed Afzal Basha, K Anand, S Akhil Tej, A Vinod Kumar

Abstract: Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) are compounds that are able to absorb water increasing their mass and volume, resulting in mass exceeding the initial value by hundreds times or more. In terms of concrete technology, the laboratory tests results indicate that the SAP absorption capacity in tap water is about ten times higher than in the environment of liquid solution of alkali content which is to simulate the cement paste environment. Curing of concrete is the process of maintaining the temperature and moisture conditions of concrete for hydration reaction so concrete develops hardened properties over time. However, proper curing isn't always attainable in several cases. Curing of concrete plays a serious role in developing the concrete micro-structure and pore structure and hence improves its durability and performance. By considering relevancy of curing, an attempt has been made to develop self-curing concrete by using Super Absorbent polymer as self-curing agent. Compressive strength of concrete containing SAP is investigated and compared with convention concrete. SAP will increase the water retention capability of the concrete by reducing evaporation of water from concrete.

Keywords: Super Absorbent polymer, Curing, Compressive strength, split tensile strength