Journal of Electrical Power System Engineering and Technology

Abstract: Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) are emerging as an effective solution for providing reliable and sustainable energy in remote and off-grid locations. These systems combine multiple renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass to ensure a consistent and reliable energy supply, even in areas with intermittent natural resources. This paper explores the components, design considerations, challenges, and benefits of HRES, particularly for isolated communities. By integrating energy storage systems, smart grids, and advanced energy management systems, HRES can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and enhance energy security in remote locations. This paper also examines future trends and the role of technological advancements in improving the viability and efficiency of HRES for remote areas.

Keywords: Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems, Solar Power, Wind Power, Micro-Hydro, Energy Storage, Remote Locations, Sustainable Energy, Off-grid Systems, Energy Management Systems.

Author:Suman Roy

Abstract: Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) have emerged as a revolutionary solution for enhancing the performance and stability of power grids. FACTS devices are designed to regulate the power flow in transmission networks, improve voltage stability, and provide dynamic control over the system’s power exchange. This paper delves into the concept of FACTS, their various types, applications, and benefits in ensuring grid stability. It also explores how these systems mitigate issues such as power oscillations, voltage instability, and transmission line overloads. With increasing demand for electricity and the integration of renewable energy sources, FACTS devices play a crucial role in maintaining the operational stability and reliability of modern power grids.

Keywords: Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), Grid Stability, Power Flow Control, Voltage Stability, Power Transmission, Power Oscillations, Renewable Energy Integration

Authors: Shweta Tiwari, Dr. Raghavendra Prasad

Abstract: Smart grids are an integral part of modern power distribution systems, incorporating renewable energy sources, demand-side management, and real-time monitoring. However, power quality issues, such as harmonic distortion, voltage sag, and flicker, present major challenges. This paper explores advanced filtering techniques, such as Active Power Filters (APF) and Hybrid Active Filters (HAF), to mitigate these issues. Through simulations and real-world applications, the study demonstrates how these filters improve power quality and system reliability. Additionally, the paper addresses the integration of these filters with existing smart grid infrastructure and highlights cost-effective implementation strategies.

Keywords: Power Quality, Smart Grid, Harmonic Distortion, Active Power Filters, Voltage Sag

Author: Sanjay Menon

Abstract: As electrical distribution systems grow in complexity, fault detection and diagnosis have become critical for ensuring system reliability and minimizing downtime. This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in fault detection for electrical distribution networks. By utilizing machine learning algorithms such as decision trees, support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN), the study aims to develop an intelligent fault detection model that can identify faults in real time. The paper includes extensive testing of the proposed model using historical data from electrical networks, demonstrating AI's potential to enhance fault detection accuracy and response times.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Fault Detection, Electrical Distribution Systems, Machine Learning, Real-Time Monitoring

Authors: Saniya Joshi, Manish Malhotra, Deepak Jain

Abstract: Demand response (DR) strategies are critical in ensuring grid stability amidst the challenges of rising electricity demand, renewable energy integration, and climate change impacts. By leveraging consumer flexibility, DR enhances grid reliability, optimizes energy resources, and facilitates the transition to sustainable power systems. This paper explores DR mechanisms, their technological and policy implications, and their role in achieving a resilient grid. Topics include an in-depth analysis of DR types, implementation barriers, technological enablers, real-world case studies, environmental benefits, and future directions for scaling DR programs.

Keywords: Demand Response, Grid Stability, Renewable Integration, Peak Load Management, Dynamic Pricing

Authors: Prof. Kavita Joshi

Abstract: The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) presents new challenges and opportunities for electrical power system engineering. This paper examines the latest innovations in EV charging infrastructure and their interactions with the power grid. It discusses smart charging solutions, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, and the impact of EVs on grid demand and stability. The paper also explores regulatory and economic considerations for developing robust EV charging networks. By analyzing case studies from leading regions in EV adoption, the paper provides insights into best practices and potential pitfalls in integrating EVs into the power grid.

Keywords: Electric Vehicles, Charging Infrastructure, Smart Charging, Vehicle-to-Grid, Grid Stability

Authors: Nitin Sharma

Abstract: Energy storage systems are becoming increasingly crucial in modern electrical power system engineering, particularly in facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources and enhancing grid stability. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of various energy storage technologies, including batteries, flywheels, and supercapacitors. It discusses their respective advantages, limitations, and potential applications in power systems. The paper also explores the economic aspects of energy storage deployment and its impact on grid operations. By examining current trends and future prospects, the paper highlights the strategic importance of energy storage in achieving a reliable, efficient, and sustainable power grid.

Keywords: Energy Storage, Grid Stability, Renewable Integration, Battery Technology, Power Systems

Authors: Nisha Gupta

Abstract: Grid reliability is a cornerstone of electrical power system engineering, ensuring the continuous and stable supply of electricity. This paper explores advanced protection systems designed to enhance grid reliability, including digital relays, fault detection algorithms, and automated switching mechanisms. It investigates the latest innovations in protection technology and their applications in modern power grids. The paper also addresses the challenges of implementing these advanced systems, such as interoperability issues and the need for robust cybersecurity measures. Through detailed analysis and case studies, the paper demonstrates the effectiveness of advanced protection systems in minimizing outages and improving overall grid resilience.

Keywords: Grid Reliability, Protection Systems, Fault Detection, Digital Relays, Cybersecurity

Authors: Kavita Mehta

Abstract: The integration of renewable energy sources into power grids is a critical aspect of modern electrical power system engineering. This paper delves into various optimization strategies to enhance the integration of renewable energy, focusing on wind and solar power. It examines the technical and economic challenges associated with renewable integration and presents advanced methodologies such as predictive analytics, real-time monitoring, and flexible grid management. The paper also discusses the role of energy storage systems in stabilizing the grid and facilitating the efficient use of intermittent renewable sources. Case studies highlighting successful renewable energy projects provide practical insights into effective integration practices.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Grid Integration, Optimization Strategies, Energy Storage, Predictive Analytics

Authors: Ashok Gupta

Abstract: The transition from traditional power grids to smart grids represents a significant leap in electrical power system engineering. Smart grids integrate advanced communication technologies and automated control systems to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of power distribution. This paper explores the key components of smart grid technology, including smart meters, advanced sensors, and energy management systems. It also examines the role of data analytics and machine learning in optimizing grid operations. The challenges of integrating renewable energy sources into smart grids and the potential solutions are discussed. Furthermore, the paper highlights case studies from different regions that have successfully implemented smart grid solutions, showcasing the tangible benefits and lessons learned.

Keywords: Smart Grid, Power Distribution, Energy Management, Renewable Integration, Data Analytics

Authors: Dimple Ahuja, Rajeev Dutta, Mayank Josh

Abstract: The power quality (PQ) within distribution systems can be compromised by customer-induced pollution, leading to issues like voltage sag, particularly exacerbated by nonlinear loads. Voltage dips stemming from these loads can pose critical challenges to system stability. To address such concerns, this study introduces a novel solution: a DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) employing a Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) Inverter. CHB converters are gaining popularity due to their capacity for high power, minimal output harmonics, and reduced commutation losses. The proposed design incorporates a standard three-leg inverter, with each phase augmented by an H-bridge utilizing a capacitor as the DC power source. Verification of the DSTATCOM's efficacy is achieved through MATLAB simulation, leveraging its Simulink and Power System Blockset tools. Comparative analysis of system performance, both with and without the DSTATCOM, underscores its effectiveness in mitigating voltage sag within the power distribution network.

Keywords: Power Quality; DSTATCOM; Restructured Power Systems; Reactive Power Compensation

Author: Prof. Rahul Singhania  

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the role of energy storage systems (ESS) in modern electrical power systems. The increasing integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power has introduced challenges related to grid stability and variability management. Energy storage technologies, including batteries, flywheels, and pumped hydro, offer promising solutions to address these challenges by providing grid support services, enabling renewable energy integration, and supporting peak demand management. This paper discusses the principles, characteristics, and applications of various energy storage technologies and examines their effectiveness in enhancing grid stability and facilitating renewable energy integration. Furthermore, it explores the economic and environmental benefits of deploying energy storage systems in power grids.

Keywords: Energy Storage Systems, Grid Stability, Renewable Energy Integration, Peak Demand Management, Battery Technologies, Flywheel Technologies, Pumped Hydro Storage.

Authors: Aakash Sharma, Priya Patel, Rajesh Singh

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of relay coordination techniques aimed at enhancing power system protection. Power systems are susceptible to various faults, overloads, and disturbances, which can lead to significant disruptions and damages. Effective relay protection is essential to mitigate these risks and ensure the reliability and stability of the electrical grid. The paper begins by outlining the fundamental principles of power system protection and the role of relays in detecting and isolating faults. It then delves into the complexities of relay coordination, discussing techniques such as time grading, impedance grading, and communication-assisted coordination. Practical considerations, challenges, and advancements in relay coordination are also examined. Through a thorough review of literature and case studies, this paper provides valuable insights into optimizing relay coordination strategies to enhance power system protection.

Keywords: Power System Protection, Relay Coordination, Fault Detection, Overload Protection, Relay Grading

Authors: Neha Verma, Rahul Khanna

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements and innovations in solar energy technology. Solar energy has emerged as a prominent renewable energy source, offering immense potential to meet global energy demands sustainably. The review covers improvements in photovoltaic cells, concentrating solar power systems, and emerging trends such as solar paint and solar fabrics. Each technology's development, working principles, efficiency improvements, and potential applications are discussed. The paper also examines the challenges and future prospects of these innovations in driving the transition towards a more sustainable energy future.

Keywords: Solar energy, photovoltaic cells, concentrating solar power, solar paint, solar fabrics, innovation, sustainability.

Authors: Prof. Arjun Singh, Dr. Priya Reddy

Abstract:  This paper provides a comprehensive review of advanced techniques and technologies for power quality management in electrical power systems. Power quality issues such as voltage sags, harmonics, flicker, and other disturbances significantly impact the reliability and efficiency of power systems. Addressing these challenges requires the implementation of various techniques and technologies to maintain high-quality electrical power. This paper discusses the latest advancements in power quality management, including innovative mitigation strategies, advanced monitoring and diagnostic tools, and emerging technologies for improved power quality. Additionally, case studies and real-world applications are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of different approaches in enhancing power system reliability and performance.

Keywords: Power quality, Voltage sag, Harmonics, Flicker, Disturbances, Mitigation techniques, Monitoring tools, Diagnostic technologies. 

Authors: Kavita Kumari, Keshav Choudhary

Abstract: The evolution of modern electrical grids demands a thorough understanding  of transmission and distribution systems, pivotal in transporting electrical energy from power plants to end-users. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis, spotlighting key components like high-voltage transmission lines, substations, transformers, and the integration of smart grid technologies. The study delves into the design intricacies, operational dynamics, and challenges inherent in these systems. With a focus on optimizing power flow and enhancing overall efficiency, the paper navigates through strategies crucial for meeting the evolving demands of the contemporary electrical grid. This comprehensive exploration provides valuable insights for professionals, policymakers, and researchers engaged in advancing the reliability and sustainability of power delivery systems.

Keywords: Transmission Networks, Distribution Networks, Power Flow Optimization, High-Voltage Transmission Lines, Substations, Transformers, Smart Grid Technologies.

Authors: Sachin Verma, Poonam Sharma

Abstract: This paper provides an in-depth examination of various power generation technologies employed in electrical power systems. The study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of fossil fuel-based power plants, nuclear power plants, and renewable energy sources including solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal. The paper highlights the distinctive features, advantages, disadvantages, and environmental impacts associated with each power generation method. The objective is to offer a holistic understanding of the diverse technologies shaping the landscape of electrical power generation.

Keywords: Power Generation, Electrical Power Systems, Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Power, Renewable Energy, Solar Power, Wind Power, Hydro Power, Geothermal Power, Environmental Impact.

Authors: Akash Mishra, Mohan Kumar

Abstract: Power System Protection is a critical aspect of power engineering, ensuring the reliable operation of electrical grids by safeguarding against faults and abnormal conditions. This paper explores the significance of protective relays and devices in power system protection and discusses various protection schemes and relay coordination techniques. By examining these topics, this paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the role played by protective measures in enhancing power system reliability.

Keywords: Power System Protection, Protective Relays, Faults, Abnormal Conditions, Protection Schemes, Relay Coordination.

Authors: Preeti Verma, Jitesh Mishra

Abstract: Power system stability is crucial for the reliable and efficient operation of electrical grids. This paper aims to provide valuable insights into the analysis and enhancement of power system stability, focusing on transient, steady- state, and dynamic stability aspects. We present a comprehensive overview of the importance of power system stability, its critical role in maintaining grid integrity, and its impact on ensuring a continuous and uninterrupted power supply.

The paper discusses advanced tools and techniques employed for power system stability analysis. We delve into the intricacies of transient stability analysis, emphasizing its role in assessing the system's ability to withstand disturbances and faults. Steady-state stability analysis is explored, addressing the criteria and methods used to determine stable operating conditions. Additionally, dynamic stability analysis is presented, highlighting the importance of eigenvalues, eigenmodes, and numerical methods in predicting and mitigating system instability.

Furthermore, this paper outlines various enhancement techniques utilized to improve power system stability. Control strategies involving FACTS devices, HVDC systems, and advanced monitoring technology are discussed, showcasing their contributions to grid resilience. Real-world case studies and practical applications illustrate the effectiveness of these tools and techniques

in addressing stability issues and ensuring the reliable operation of power systems.

 In conclusion, this paper underscores the critical role of power system  stability in maintaining a robust electrical grid. By providing a comprehensive understanding of transient, steady-state, and dynamic stability analysis, along with insights into advanced tools and enhancement techniques, this work contributes to the advancement of power system engineering and the sustainable provision of electrical energy.

Keywords: Power System Stability, Transient Stability, Steady-State Stability, Dynamic Stability, Analysis Tools, Voltage Stability, Enhancement Techniques

Authors: Reena Verma, Atul Kumar

Abstract: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview and comparative analysis of different types of power plants, including coal, gas, nuclear, and renewable energy sources. The discussion will cover various aspects such as energy efficiency, environmental impact, and technological advancements.

Keywords: Power plants, Coal, Gas, Nuclear, Renewable energy, Efficiency, Emissions, Resource availability, Environmental impact, Technological advancements.

Authors:Saurabh Kanojiya, Ravindra Kumar, Praveen Mehta

Abstract:The modernization of power grids, facilitated by the integration of smart grid technologies, has become a significant focus in the energy sector. Smart grids represent a paradigm shift in the way electricity is generated, distributed, and consumed. This paper explores the fundamental concepts of smart grid technologies, their benefits, challenges, and the role they play in the modernization of energy systems. By incorporating advanced communication, control, and monitoring capabilities, smart grids enhance grid reliability, efficiency, and sustainability while accommodating the integration of renewable energy sources and enabling demand-response mechanisms.

Keywords-Smart Grid, Modernization, Advanced Metering Infrastructure, Distribution Automation, Renewable Energy Integration, Energy Storage Systems, Demand Response, Grid Reliability, Energy Efficiency, Electric Vehicles,

Authors:Rajendra Prasad, Vishal Saxsena

AbstractPower system stability is the ability of a power system to remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance. Stability is important for ensuring the reliable operation of power systems, as a loss of stability can lead to cascading outages and widespread blackouts. There are two main types of power system stability: rotor angle stability and voltage stability. Rotor angle stability is the ability of the synchronous machines in a power system to remain in synchronism with each other. Voltage stability is the ability of the voltages in a power system to remain within acceptable limits. The stability of a power system can be affected by a number of factors, including the network topology, the load level, the operating reserves, and the control system. Stability analysis can be performed using a variety of methods, including linearized stability analysis, nonlinear stability analysis, and simulation. There are a number of control schemes that can be used to improve power system stability, including automatic voltage control (AVC), automatic generation control (AGC), synchronous condensers, and power system stabilizers (PSS). By understanding the factors that affect power system stability and by using appropriate control schemes, it is possible to design and operate power systems that are reliable and secure.

Keywords-Power system stability, Rotor angle stability, Voltage stability, Network topology, Load level, Operating reserves, Control system, Linearized stability analysis, Nonlinear stability analysis, Simulation, Automatic voltage control (AVC), Automatic generation control (AGC), Synchronous condensers,

Authors:Deepak Kumar, Piyush Saxsena, Vinod Pandey

Abstract:With the increasing concerns about climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels, the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into power grids has gained significant attention as a means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance energy sustainability. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of renewable energy sources into existing power grids. It examines various RES technologies, discusses grid integration issues, and explores strategies to address these challenges.

Keywords-Renewable Energy Sources, Power Grid Integration, Intermittency, Grid Stability, Energy Storage Systems, Smart Grid Technologies, Demand Response, Grid Codes, Policy Framework, Future Prospects.

Authors:Jeevan Tyagi, Kriyansh Pathak, Dr. B. R Verma

Abstract:High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission is a technology that uses direct current (DC) to transmit electricity over long distances. HVDC transmission has several advantages over traditional alternating current (AC) transmission, including reduced power losses, increased transmission capacity, improved reliability, and ease of interconnection. The principle of HVDC transmission is to convert AC power to DC at the sending end of the transmission line, and then convert the DC back to AC at the receiving end. The conversion is done using power electronics devices called converters. There are two main types of HVDC converters: line-commutated converters (LCC) and voltage-sourced converters (VSC). LCC converters are the most common type of HVDC converter. They are relatively simple and reliable, but they have lower efficiency than other types of converters. VSC converters are more complex and expensive than LCC converters, but they have higher efficiency and can be used to control the power flow on the transmission line.

Keywords-HVDC transmission, Direct current transmission, Power transmission, Electrical engineering, Power electronics, Renewable energy, Asynchronous grids, Submarine cables.

Authors:Vijendra Singh Rawat, Ashok Kanojya

Abstract:With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and the need for grid stability, energy storage systems (ESS) have emerged as crucial components of modern power grids. Energy storage technologies play a pivotal role in addressing the intermittency of renewable energy generation, enhancing grid reliability, and enabling energy arbitrage. This paper provides an overview of energy storage systems for power grids, discussing various types of ESS, their benefits, applications, challenges, and future prospects. The paper also highlights the importance of integrating ESS into grid management strategies to create a more sustainable and resilient energy infrastructure.

Keywords-Energy Storage Systems (ESS), Power Grids, Renewable Energy Integration, Grid Stability, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), Pumped Hydro Storage, Thermal Energy Storage (TES), Flywheel Energy Storage.

Authors Name:- Gopichand Waghmode, Prakash Patil, Santosh Gore

Abstract:- This paper presents an overview of the small signal stability of wind power generation with the grid. Wind power generation has been growing rapidly in recent years and has become an important source of renewable energy. However, wind power generation is characterized by its inherent variability and uncertainty, which poses significant challenges to the stability of the power grid. Small signal stability is an essential aspect of power system stability, which deals with the dynamic behavior of the system under small perturbations. This paper discusses the small signal stability analysis of wind power generation with the grid and presents some of the significant factors affecting the small signal stability of wind power generation systems.

Keywords:- Small signal stability, wind power generation, power system stability, power flow tracing, renewable energy sources

Authors Name:- Jagrajvir Singh, Pawandeep Arora, Vishavdeep Singh Kular

Abstract:- The increasing penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in the power grid is creating new challenges for the protection of transmission lines. Line differential relays are one of the most commonly used protection systems for transmission lines, and their performance can be significantly affected by the integration of solar PV systems. This research paper presents a detailed analysis of the behavior of line differential protective relaying in the presence of solar PV systems. The paper investigates the impact of solar PV integration on the performance of line differential relays and proposes strategies to improve their performance.

Keywords:- Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, transmission lines, line differential relays, protection schemes, fault detection, power grid, distributed energy resources.

Authors Name:- Santosh Anand, Jitendra Kumar Gond, Sudhanshu Shekhar, Anand Swaroop

Abstract:- This research paper presents a simulation and study of a utility grid connected photovoltaic (PV) array and fuel cell system. The system comprises a PV array connected to a dc-dc boost converter, which steps up the voltage to a level suitable for the fuel cell input. The fuel cell system converts the hydrogen fuel into electrical energy, which is then connected to the utility grid. The simulation was carried out using MATLAB/Simulink, and the results showed that the system was capable of producing power in both steady-state and transient conditions. The study also investigated the impact of varying solar irradiance and fuel cell temperature on the system performance.

Keywords:- PV array, fuel cell system, simulation, optimization, MATLAB/Simulink, PSCAD, boost converter, dynamic behavior, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), control algorithm, efficiency, power output, experimental studies, validation.

Authors Name:- Jaswant Singh, Ramandeep Bhala

Abstract:- The increasing penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation has significantly impacted the power system dynamics and protective relaying. The intermittent and uncertain nature of solar PV generation can result in false tripping of line differential protection relays, leading to significant power system disturbances. This research paper analyzes the behavior of line differential protective relaying with increasing solar PV penetration. A simulation model was developed using the PSCAD/EMTDC software to study the impact of solar PV on line differential protection relays. The results show that increasing solar PV penetration can lead to an increase in the differential current in the line differential protection relays, leading to a higher probability of false tripping. The paper concludes by proposing possible solutions to mitigate the impact of solar PV on line differential protection relays.

Keywords:- Line differential protection, Solar PV penetration, Power system protection, Relay protection, Simulation modeling, False tripping, Advanced relaying algorithms, Communication-assisted protection, PSCAD/EMTDC Power system stability

Authors:- Rayees AhmadWani,Baljit Kaur

Abstract :-Nuclear reactors' benefits and expenses, and other their associated impacts, are determined by their technology and the amount of electricity they create. Most nations, especially emerging ones where electricity output is expected to grow significantly, do not disclose plant-level generating statistics. The Global Power Plant Database uses this technical information to estimate the yearly energy generation of power plants. Breeze, light, power (hydro), and gas energy plants are examples of diverse fuel sources. We employ different estimating models. Statistical regression and machine learning techniques are used in the process. Plant-level parameters, as with the size of the facility and the liquefied petroleum gas used, as well as Variables at the regional scale, such as the total performance per kilo of installed power, are explanatory variables. We demonstrate this. For wind, solar, and hydro plants, fuel-specific models can deliver more accurate results. Natural gas plant estimates are also improving, although the margin of error remains considerable, especially for smaller facilities

Keywords: - Nuclear Reactors, Electricity, Global Power Plant, Hydro, Wind, Tidal, Solar, Natural Gas, Fossil Fuels.

Authors: Dr. Anil Kumar

Abstract: 

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have emerged as a critical component in modern electrical grids. They provide a wide range of services including frequency regulation, peak shaving, renewable energy integration, and grid stabilization. With increasing renewable energy penetration, the role of BESS becomes essential to mitigate the intermittent nature of solar and wind power. This paper explores the types, functions, and recent advancements in BESS technology while highlighting its implementation in the Indian energy sector. Key challenges such as cost, lifecycle, and environmental concerns are also addressed, along with potential solutions and policy initiatives.

Keywords: Battery Energy Storage, Smart Grid, Renewable Energy, Peak Shaving, Frequency Regulation

Authors:- Suryaprasad Yamana, Chetan Danam

Abstract:- The PI regulator is coupled with terms in the current's d&q components to control the current in a closed loop. All of these second-order transfer functions can be used to accurately model all of the current loops based on reference transformations (such as DQ-ABC and Phase Locked Loop). By using the second order system, the current control model will be compared to the equivalent closed loop current control transfer function. This method makes calculating the PI regulator control gain simple. When comparing the output of the current control loop with its equivalent current control transfer function, use the unitary step response. The inverse-Laplace transform will then be applied, with the natural frequency dictating the dynamic behaviour into the exponential term.

Keywords:- Second order transfer function, Current control Loop, Unitary step response & Inverse Laplace Transform, PI regulator.

 

Authors:- Rajeswara Rao Vajjhala, Prosenjit Gupta

Abstract:- In many industries, automatic control has decreased not only the need for human labour but also improved productivity and dependability. Human labour has been significantly reduced by technological advancement. The design of an effective cooling system to compensate for heating and insulation losses is the primary focus of this paper. PLC is the best tool for data logging and online monitoring. It is suggested to use a cooling system with a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Automatic switching between the cooling banks can solve the issue with manual transformer cooling systems. The control element for this cooling system is a Panasonic PLC FPO4 C16.

Keywords:- Switch mode power supplies, Ladder logic, programmable logic controller, smoke detector

Authors:- Varun Vadluri, Arjun Golani, Dr. Guduri Sairanjith

Abstract:- A customer-owned grid is become more prevalent as hybrid energy sources like solar and wind power develop. It gives normal customers the chance to get inexpensive energy prices and gives the power supplier the ability to control the utility infrastructure. Smart systems must be created in order to submit energy demand schedules and track energy price signals in real-time without the involvement of clients. This study presents smart preparation of electrical appliances and demand-side energy management for a grid-connected household. Additionally, it lowers the customers on the grid's power bill. Additionally, during periods of strong production, the customer-owned grid's excess energy is transferred to the larger grid or nearby microgrids. Using Lab VIEW software, the simulation of the full system is displayed.

Keywords:- Distributed renewable energy resource, power storage devices, scheduling, smart meters, smart micro grid, and electric vehicle.

Author:- Avinash Purohit

Abstract:- Around the world, synchronphasor technology is rapidly being implemented in electric power grids, which is quickly changing how the grids are managed. This pattern is expected to persist until all electricity grids are fully interconnected, allowing for real-time monitoring and control. While much progress has been made in the creation and application of synchrophasor technology, much more remains to be done. For instance, the potential of synchrophasor for real-time control and protection of the power grid has not yet been fully investigated. Researchers must constantly be aware of the various obstacles that need to be overcome in order to advance the field of synchrophasor technology. The main obstacles that need to be overcome in order to realise the objective of complete power grid visualization, monitoring, and control using synchrophasor technology are outlined in this paper.

Keywords:- Electric power grid, Grid Visualization, Phasor Measurement Unit, Synchrophasor Technology.

Authors:- Sujata Parmar

Abstract:- The electrical grid, often known as the power grid, is the network that connects the generating, transmission, and distribution units. It transports electricity from the producing unit to the distribution unit. At 220kV or greater, a huge quantity of electricity is transported from the producing station to the load centre. The super grid is the network formed by these high voltage wires. The super grid provides power to the sub-transmission network, which operates at 140kV or less.

Keywords:- Electrical Grid Systems, Power Grid, Electrical Substation, Electrical Grid

Authors:- Vinayak Chouhan, Bhawana Kanojiya, Sonali

Abstract:- The non-stop growth of the energy generated from renewable sources, capillary disbursed in vast areas, is converting the traditional power grids into a network of flexible smart small- sized energy structures, denoted as Microgrids(MGs).

Keywords:- Power Systems, Microgrids(MGs), EMS Control Methods, Transformer

Authors:- Rajeev Srivastava, Kunal Singh

Abstract:- At the moment, the world's electricity consumption is rapidly increasing, pushing the power system towards smart grid technologies. Smart grid technology employs open standard intelligent communication to compute real-time conditions such as system stability, equipment performance, power system network congestion, and various blackouts, outages, and energy demand responses. Although Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) technology may play an essential role in smart grid, it must be upgraded owing to poor speed sampling. This work implements a new technique known as the Phasor measurement unit, often known as synchro phasor measurement technology. Synchro phasor technology, also known as phasor measuring unit, provides real-time and precise monitoring of electrical parameters with actual system circumstances.

Keywords:- SCADA, measurement Technology, Supervisory Control, open Standard Intelligent Communication

Author:- Rasel Hossain

Abstract:- Nuclear energy is the energy that comes from the center or nucleus of an atom. Nuclear power is the latest energy source to be used on a large scale. It has tremendous potential to fulfill Increasing demand for energy without environmental degradation. Currently, nuclear fission of some heavy elements makes up the vast majority of nuclear energy in direct service to mankind. In nuclear energy, the bonds that hold atoms together contain a large amount of energy. This energy is needed to generate electricity. This energy can be released in two ways: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Nuclear power grew rapidly during the 1960–1975 period in countries such as France, the United States, and Norway. But nuclear power ran into trouble in the 1970s because of public concerns about the radioactive waste produced a problem that discouraged the expansion of nuclear power. In recent years people have come to know about the proper use of nuclear energy and the use and growth of nuclear energy have increased.

Keywords:- Nuclear Energy, Latest Energy Source, Radioactive Waste Produced, Growth of Nuclear Energy

Authors:- Manish Kashyap, Dr. Achala Jain, Vinita Swarnakar

Abstract:- Power plants are one of the major industries in a nation since they meet a variety of demands of the populace. In order to provide power in accordance with demand at an affordable price, this industry must operate at the lowest possible cost. Economic dispatch is a technique to power system plant optimization whose goal is to reduce costs by identifying the best configuration of generator output in accordance with electrical demand and system capacity. The main objective of Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is to maximize the effectiveness of a power system's generating network. Performing the ELD has the primary goal of reducing the cost of generator fuel. There has been extensive research on the least cost function discovered utilizing optimization techniques. The Bat algorithm is one such method of optimization. To address the ELD issue, the Novel Bat Algorithm has been presented in this publication. Doppler Effect and the migration of bats between various habitats are concepts introduced in the Novel Bat Algorithm. By putting the suggested strategy to the test on 6-unit systems, its efficacy is demonstrated.

Keywords:- Economic Load Dispatch (ELD), Bat Algorithm (BA), Novel Bat Algorithm (NBA)

Authors: Supriya Gawai, Smita Khedkar, Kedar Bavaskar

Abstract: Power has become increasingly important for everyone as a result of the rise of industries and an ever-increasing global population, and as a result, energy consumption has increased dramatically in recent decades. The unease with which we used traditional resources alerted us and drove us to utilise alternative resources. In terms of electricity output, wind is outperforming other non-conventional energy sources. Despite the fact that wind energy is still a relatively new source of electricity, it has benefited enormously from ongoing technological advances in grid integration, electrical machines, power converters, and control capability. The main focus in the modelling of DFIG-based wind power generating schemes is DFIG modelling. The input power to the propeller is expected to be variable when modelling a wind turbine rotor. The DFIG created model in this section is simply a basic and realistic reduced model that is utilised to do minor signal analysis. The output of the Wind Turbine is almost similar to the output power of the DFIG when the regulator is used, resulting in improved and satisfying small signal stability of the power system.

Keywords: Simulation, DFIG modelling, Power control technique, Small signal stability

 

Authors: Vidyut Srivastava, Suresh Dhamake, Venu Babu Reddy

Abstract: An increase in power demand prompts young minds to look out alternative ways to create electricity utilising diverse modes. Among the various methods of conventional energy generation, solar is a popular energy source. The Indian renewable energy business has exploded, with India on track to overtake China and the United States as the world's third largest solar market. However, the same is only available during solar peak hours, which in India are around 8:30AM to 5:30PM, or approximately nine hours. In addition, the area required for solar panel installation is higher than for the same rated solar spinning cell. This research proposes a solar spinning cell as a solution to solving this challenge. The self-rotating solar spinning cell assists in cooling the system, resulting in increased efficiency. The efficiency and producing capacity of a spinning cell utilised for power generation are investigated in this study. Alternatives to self-driven spinning cells are also discussed in this work.

Keywords: Flat Plate Solar, Solar Spinning Cells, DC Gear Generator, Wind Turbine

Authors: Prof. Dattaraj Indulkar, Krishna Dhungana , Sunil Gupta 

Abstract: To meet the need for electricity, renewable energy generation is rapidly expanding. Renewable energy sources include solar and wind. Solar energy is available at the start of the day, and wind energy is at its peak on the highway due to vehicle speed. This paper's rationale helps to the global trend toward renewable energy. The utilisation of air on a highway divider with the help of a vertical axis wind turbine is the subject of this research. Due to its speed, the vehicle passing on the highway produces a significant amount of air. This air impacts the blade of a vertical axis wind turbine tangentially, causing the rotor to rotate in just one direction. The solar system is used to generate electricity and is also designed to direct vehicle exhaust into the turbine. To create energy, the vertical axis wind turbine's shaft is connected to the generator with the gear mechanism. A battery stores the electrical output of the vertical axis turbine and the solar system. This stored energy can be used for street lighting, toll gates, and other applications. The paper shows the hardware implementation of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with a solar panel.

Keywords: Renewable energy, Electricity, Power generation, VAWT, Solar panel

 

 

Authors: Yashoda R. Perkar, Dr. Jaydeep Chakravorty

Abstract: The term electric power quality (PQ) is generally used to assess and to maintain the good quality of power at the level of generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of AC electrical power. Nonlinear loads. Therefore, power quality is quantified in terms of voltage, current, or frequency. In this paper power quality problems can be viewed as the difference between the quality of power supplied and the quality of power required for reliable operation of the load equipment The new concept of advanced power electronic based Custom Power Devices (CPDs) mainly distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) have been developed due to lacking the performance of traditional compensating devices to minimize power quality disturbances.

Keywords: Power generation, seebeck effect, Thermo-electric generator, waste-heat, recovery, alternative green technology, direct energy conversion, thermal  heat

 

 

Authors: Akshay Pundkar, Pawan B. Ingle, Sumit B. Patkar, Prashik A. Tayade

Abstract: The increasingly worldwide problem regarding rapid economy development and a relative shortage of energy, the internal combustion engine exhaust waste heat and environmental pollution has been more emphasized heavily recently. Out of the total heat supplied to the engine in the form of fuel, approximately, 30 to 40% is converted into useful mechanical work. The remaining heat is expelled to the environment through exhaust gases and engine cooling systems, resulting in to entropy rise and serious environmental pollution, so it is required to utilized waste heat into useful work.  As waste heat recovering techniques, such as thermoelectric generator (TEG) is developed. Due to distinct benefits of Thermo-electric generators they have become a promising alternative green technology.

Keywords: Power generation, Seebeck effect, Thermo-electric generator, Waste-heat, recovery, Alternative green technology, Direct energy conversion, Thermal heat

Authors: Nisha O. S, Dr. K. Siva Sankar

Abstract: Today’s submicron VLSI technology has been emerged as integration of many VLSI ICs into a single Si Chip called System-on-Chip (SoC). The SoC architecture normally contains multiple processors along with either separate or centralized memory blocks as its core elements as well as many noncore elements. Embedded RAMs are those whose address, data, and read/write controls cannot be directly controlled or observed through the chip’s 1/0 pins. Testing these memories, which are incorporated on a large percentage of VLSI devices are harder just because of the lack of controllability of its inputs and observe ability of its outputs. Testing such RAMs is the main objective of this paper. It is challenging to test embedded RAMs, and hence we will discuss techniques - design for testability (DFT) and built-in self-test (BIST), which help in improving the testability of these RAMs.

Keywords: Built-In Self-Test (BIST), March Algorithm, Switching Factor

Author: Rukshar Begum, Mudasir Ahmad Wani

Abstract: Electricity consumption had risen at such a quick rate in tandem with the country's progress to reach its status as an industrial country. The quality of electrical power plays an essential role in a distribution system because of the high use of electrical energy. There will be several issues with the distribution system's efficiency and operation of electrical equipment. As a result of the existence of harmonics in the distribution system, the entire system does not perform efficiently. Harmonics is one of the illnesses that leads to poor power quality. This disruption causes electrical devices to overheat and become inoperable. As a result, the goal of this study is to use MATLAB/SIMULINK to design and construct a three phase shunt active power filter for harmonics reduction in industrial applications.

Keywords: Shunt Active Power Filter, Total Harmonic Distortion, Power Quality, Power System

Authors: Jyoti Pathak, Gunjan Tiwari

Abstract: Power system stability is the capability of power systems to maintain load magnitude within specified limits under steady state conditions in electrical power transmission. In modern days, the electrical power systems have grown in terms of complexity due to increasing interconnected power line exchange. For that, an inherent of controllers were essential to correct the deviation in the presence of external disturbances. This paper hence aims to review the basic concepts of power system stability in load frequency control. Various control techniques were analyzed and presented. Power system stability can be classified in terms of method to improve power system stability, which are rotor angle stability, frequency stability and voltage stability. It is found that each method has different purpose and focus on solving different types of problem occurred. It is hoped that this study can contribute to clarify the different types of power system stability in terms of where it occurs, and which is the best method based on different situation.

Keywords: Rotor angle stability, Voltage stability, Power line exchange, Power system stability, Load frequency control

 

Authors: Prof. Jayant Hande, Nikhil Waghmare, Abhay Shindekar, Akshay Narad

Abstract: Power System Protection is critical in an electrical power system because it reduces power outages for consumers while also preventing damage to electrical equipment. Renewable energy (RE) penetration in the power grid has recently aided in supporting and meeting the growing demand for electricity from customers. However, the addition of renewable energy (RE), such as solar photovoltaic (PV), will raise the fault level and cause reverse power flow, compromising power system protection.

 

When the power system is without and with solar PV penetration, this article focuses on analysing the dependability of differential protection relays during steady state, internal and external faults circumstances. The IEEE 39 bus test system will be used to model steady state and three-phase symmetrical line faults using Power System Simulation for Engineering (PSS®E) software.

Keywords: Protective relaying, Power system, (PSS®E) software, Renewable energy

 

Authors: Animesh Mukherjee, Momita Roy

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to investigate load frequency management in a two-area system. In this study, two locations have been investigated in which non-reheated kind of turbines are employed in both regions and whose secondary loop includes a new controller called 2 degree-of-freedom PID (2-DOF-PID). The newest meta heuristic method, also known as the Moth flame optimization algorithm (MFO), has been used to optimise the parameters of this controller in order to minimise the variation in frequency of area and tie-line power, respectively. The same procedures are followed with the PID and Integral controllers, whose settings are likewise tuned by MFO. A comparison of the results of these and the 2-DOF-PID controller demonstrates its advantage over the other controller for minimising the deviation that occurs in the frequency of the area as well as the tie-line power.

Keywords: Load frequency control, 2-area power system, 2-DOF PID Controller, PID controller, Moth–Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm

 

Authors: Meenal D. Matale, Prof Dr. M.P Satone

Abstract: There is a big problem of the terrorism faced by each country. The terrorism is of many kind and the main reason for this activities is not same. The soldiers of the countries have more responsibilities on them to save citizens. The Indian government have many problems as there are more cross border terrorism activities taking place. There are various uneven ground present in India where it is difficult for the soldiers to reach.  One of the solution to all these problems is to have a robotic system, which will help the soldiers to reach those places where it was difficult task.

 Many techniques have been developed in the robotics, but still there are not as effective as per the detection of terrorist activities. This paper gives an overview of the past few techniques in this field and presents a real–time system by which the robot will follow the object and videos will be send to the server. This technique is based on the Papilio Spartan3 FPGA and Android will be used by the soldiers for seeing the live videos.

Author: Srishti Arora, Himashu Sharma

Abstract: Solar-powered power plants are critical in places where there is a lack of electricity. To solve the electricity deficit, it is critical to use cutting-edge and developing technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) to transform the world into smart ideas such as intelligent cars, smart power plants, and so on. The study examines a smart and efficient solar tracking system that includes manual and automated panel rotation based on light intensity.

Keywords: Solar Energy, Electricity, Solar Tracking System, Power Output

Auhor: Devendra Gupta, Akansha Sharma

Abstract: The quality of electrical power is an essential contributor to any country's growth. Because of the widespread use of power electronic or microprocessor-based regulated loads in recent decades, power quality has gotten a lot of attention. It is essential to overcome power quality problems and have dependable power performance in order to prevent unexpected interruptions and damage in the power system. Power quality event mitigation aids the power system in overcoming power quality problems to a large degree. It is preferable to mitigate power quality events in order to improve power quality and minimise problems associated with it. Power quality event mitigation not only gives you control over your power issues, but it also keeps them under control. We'll go through some of the power quality events that create problems, as well as how to locate the right device to assist solve the problems.

Keywords: Electrical Power, Power Quality, Power System, Harmonics

Authors: Mohd. Aquib, Priya Sharma

Abstract: In a modern power system, selective high speed clearance of faults on high voltage transmission lines is critical. This study indicates the classification and fault location in power transmission line protection and efficient, promising implementations for fault detection. This paper analysis the most recent artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Fuzzy, Wavelet and Phasor measurement unit (PMU) as well as other conventional methods used in transmission line protection.

Keywords: ANN, Fuzzy, Wavelet, ANFIS, Differential protection, Protection of Transmission Line

Author: Shreya Suresh Dhamake

Abstract: An electric light is a device that produces visible light from electric power. It is the most common form of artificial lighting and is essential to modern society, providing interior lighting for buildings and exterior light for evening and night time activities. In technical usage, a replaceable component that produces light from electricity is called a lamp. Lamps are commonly called light bulbs; for example, the incandescent light bulb. Lamps usually have a base made of ceramic, metal, glass, or plastic, which secures the lamp in the socket of a light fixture. The electrical connection to the socket may be made with a screw-thread base, two metal pins, two metal caps or a bayonet cap.

 

The three main categories of electric lights are incandescent lamps, which produce light by a filament heated white-hot by electric current, gas-discharge lamps, which produce light by means of an electric arc through a gas, such as fluorescent lamps, and LED lamps, which produce light by a flow of electrons across a band gap in a semiconductor.

Keywords: LED Lamps, Lighting for Buildings, Flow of Electrons

Authors: Prakash Kerur, Dr. R.L. Chakrasali

Abstract: In response to the situation of increasing energy demand day by day it is necessary to fulfill the requirement of consumers. The power generated by the base load plants is not sufficient to meet the demand. Therefore it is necessary to introduce the distributed generation to meet the demand. The government is promoting renewable energies such as solar or wind power plant installation because of green energy. The renewable-energy penetration and controlling is challenging task in centralized power distribution.  To find the solution to this problem is essential. To overcome this problem a smart grid or micro grid concept was introduced which is one of the principal concerns of the scientific community is the energy transition and energy efficiency.  In micro grid the power flow and exchange is done with group of people in a particular areas. It would optimize the energy consumption by setting consumption patterns, adapted to a specific situation, taking into account different parameters like the price, the user preferences, or the parameters of the appliances of the house. Thus a numerical management is needed to load balancing and distribution of energy. A block chain is a distributed, decentralized transaction ledger, which is owned, maintained and updated by each user. It carries peer-to-peer energy exchanges among citizens of a same microgrid, without a central control body, based on smart contracts. The digital grid router solves the problems of different renewable source integration in smart grid. . The Digital Grid divides power systems when frequency is synchronized into various sizes. Each small grid is connected asynchronously with a digital grid router (DGR). This paper focuses on load balancing with peer to peer transactions in microgrid using block chain and bidirectional power flow using digital grid routers.

Authors: Kavita Rana, Jaydeep Singh

Abstract: This article presents a hybrid power system operation and control technique for main power subsidisation. A wind turbine, a solar power unit, a main power source, and a set of loads make up the proposed wind solar hybrid system. The suggested hybrid system model is built using MATLAB's library function and block, and it is evaluated under a variety of wind and load circumstances. The findings are presented and debated. The required analysis has also been completed. Finally, an overview of future research and development trends has been prepared. The hybrid power systems incorporating renewable energy sources are the subject of this article (HSRES).

Authors:-Mudasir Ahmad Wani, Priya Sharma

Abstract:-Power system plays an important role in the generation of power from conventional sources, transmutation and distribution power at different consumer applications will face so many problems. This can be overcome to implement the microgrid concept. The microgrid concept introduces the power is generated from renewable energy sources like PV wind, fuel cell, microturbine etc. will give signifying moment in the near future. These power generating stations interconnected to form a microgrid system needed a number of multiple reverse conversations (AC-DC or DC-AC) for consumer applications. This result in increase circuit complexity, cost and the system have less reliability. The AC/DC microgrid concept introduces to reduces multiple reserve conversions, and it will consist of both A.C and D.C networks connected to distribution generation through multi-bidirectional converters and to maintain stable operation of the system by using proposed coordination schemes in the MATLAB Simulink environment.

Author: Dr. Chandra Sekhar Dash

Abstract: The modern society today is hard hit by the problem of sustainability & environmental issues such as global warming, climate change, energy depletion and other ecological concerns that have led to the emergence of the role of renewable energy and green technologies, i.e., a technology that does not emit toxic or greenhouse gasses and keeps the environment, neat, clean and green. It is believed that sustainable development will result in a sustainable economy with changes that transients the society and bringing in stability & resilience that affects or produces results beyond itself. Technical advancements in science mark human superiority and creativity, yet they are disruptive of the existing production process methods or materials that have lost their essence with the passage of time, need, and social requirements. Sustainability means many things: conservation of energy resources, maintaining continuous energy supply for human amenities (meeting a continuous supply of energy that never exhaust) and that too, without depletion of the fossil fuel or natural resource that are the inherent right of our future generation, curtailing the environmental degradation, adopting Green and clean technologies that never emit CO2, ozone-depleting or Greenhouse Gases causing global warming and climate change. Zero-waste, cradle-to-cradle production, zero-emission zero defect articles, and finally, innovation that squares up with present-day society's needs without disturbing the ecosystems or nature's service. This paper explores the extent to which our scientists have been able to capture the nerve, generating enough energy that would revert the damage caused to the environment till date by the erstwhile methods of production. The present work uses a methodology that is based on secondary data collected from journals and periodicals, books published/unpublished, UN and World Bank report, TEDx Talks, epoch-making discoveries and innovations, internet and policy documents of developed and developing nations. The study's findings indicated that there is no area in which innovations have not been made in renewable energy in subverting the environmental hazards in as much as generation electric power via Hydro, solar, wind, tidal, biomass, biogas. However, among all of them, the geothermal option is the most economical, cost-effective, carbon-free with unlimited future potential capacity. 

Author: Dr. Suresh Patil, Ms. Kavita Sharma.

Abstract: Voltage stability and reactive power compensation are vital aspects of modern power system operation and planning. Voltage instability can lead to partial or total system collapse, posing significant challenges for utilities worldwide. Reactive power plays a central role in voltage regulation, influencing the ability of the system to maintain acceptable voltage profiles under varying load conditions. This paper presents a detailed study of voltage stability issues, methods of reactive power compensation, and their integration in modern grid operations. Both static and dynamic stability perspectives are discussed, along with practical approaches for compensation including shunt capacitors, synchronous condensers, and FACTS devices. Optimization strategies for reactive power planning are also analyzed to ensure reliability, economic efficiency, and grid resilience in the face of increasing renewable energy penetration.

Keywords: Voltage stability, reactive power compensation, FACTS devices, synchronous condensers, shunt capacitors, power system reliability.

Author: Dr. Anil Verma, Ms. Priya Sharma.

Abstract: This paper explores the transformative role of smart metering and demand side management (DSM) in modern power systems. Smart meters offer precise, real-time data that enables consumers and utilities to optimize energy use, reduce wastage, and improve grid stability. DSM complements this by encouraging load shifting, peak shaving, and energy conservation, ultimately reducing operational costs and enhancing sustainability. This paper covers the technology, implementation strategies, benefits, and challenges of smart metering and DSM, offering insights for policy-makers, utilities, and researchers.

Keywords: Smart Metering, Demand Side Management, Energy Efficiency, Load Shifting, Peak Shaving, Grid Stability

Author: Dr. Rohan Sharma, Ms. Priya Nair.

Abstract: Smart grid technologies represent a transformative evolution in the electrical power sector, enabling the integration of modern communication systems, advanced sensors, and intelligent automation to ensure greater efficiency, resilience, and sustainability. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the foundational components, operational strategies, and implementation frameworks for smart grids. It covers the technological advancements in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), demand-side management, distributed generation, renewable integration, energy storage systems, and grid cybersecurity. Furthermore, the paper presents global case studies, identifies implementation challenges, and outlines future trends such as AI-driven predictive analytics and blockchain applications in power systems. The research highlights the importance of policy support, investment in infrastructure, and public engagement for realizing the full potential of smart grids.

Keywords: Smart Grid, Renewable Integration, Demand Response, Energy Storage, Cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence, Distributed Generation.

Author: Dr. Priya Menon, Dr. Rahul Bhatia.

Abstract: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems Are At The Heart Of Modern Electrical Power Engineering, Enabling Centralized Monitoring, Control, And Automation Of Power Generation, Transmission, And Distribution Networks. With The Evolution Of Smart Grids, SCADA Has Integrated Advanced Communication Technologies, Real-Time Analytics, And Cybersecurity Measures To Improve Efficiency And Reliability. This Paper Explores The Architecture Of SCADA Systems, Its Operational Principles, Key Components, And Applications In Different Segments Of The Power Sector. We Discuss Integration Challenges With Renewable Energy, Advances In Human–Machine Interfaces, And The Role Of SCADA In Predictive Maintenance. Comparative Analysis Of Legacy And Next-Generation SCADA Platforms Is Provided, Along With Future Trends That Will Shape Its Role In A Digitalized Power Infrastructure.

Keywords: SCADA, Smart Grid, Power System Automation, HMI, Cybersecurity, Predictive Maintenance.

Author: Dr. Ananya Verma, Mr. Rajesh Kumar.

Abstract: The integration of renewable energy sources into power systems is a critical step towards achieving a sustainable and low-carbon energy future. This paper explores the technical, economic, and policy aspects of incorporating renewable resources such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass into modern grids. It examines the challenges related to intermittency, grid stability, and infrastructure readiness while presenting solutions through energy storage, demand-side management, and smart grid technologies. Case studies from various countries highlight successful strategies, and future prospects are discussed in light of technological advancements and global energy transition goals.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Power Systems, Grid Integration, Energy Storage, Smart Grid, Sustainability

Author: Dr. Rakesh Mehta, Ananya Kapoor.

Abstract: Reliability assessment in electrical power systems plays a pivotal role in ensuring consistent and secure energy delivery to consumers. With increasing complexity in grid infrastructure, renewable energy integration, and growing demand, it becomes essential to develop and implement robust reliability evaluation techniques. This paper discusses the methodologies, indices, and tools used for power system reliability assessment, along with challenges posed by modern grid dynamics. The study also explores case studies of power outages, their economic implications, and measures taken to improve system resilience.

Keywords: Power System Reliability, Reliability Indices, Grid Resilience, Renewable Integration, Risk Assessment.

Author: Dr. Ananya Sharma, Dr. Ananya Sharma.

Abstract: Power system stability plays a pivotal role in ensuring the reliability, security, and efficiency of modern power grids. It encompasses the system’s capability to return to a steady state after encountering disturbances such as faults, sudden load changes, or generation outages. With the ongoing energy transition characterized by high penetration of renewable energy, distributed generation, and sophisticated demand patterns, the stability challenge is intensifying. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of stability types, including rotor angle stability, voltage stability, and frequency stability, followed by a detailed discussion of conventional and modern control strategies. It also explores advanced technologies like Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), wide-area monitoring systems (WAMS), and artificial intelligence-assisted controllers. Through comparative tables, case studies, and analysis of recent advancements, the paper outlines optimized control approaches for future-ready grids.

Keywords: Power System Stability, Control Techniques, FACTS, Smart Grid, Frequency Stability, AI Controllers.

Author: Dr. Rohan Mehta, Er. Priya Sharma.

Abstract: Power quality (PQ) has emerged as a critical consideration in modern electrical networks due to the growing reliance on sensitive electronic equipment and renewable energy integration. This paper presents an in-depth examination of power quality issues such as voltage sags, swells, harmonic distortion, flicker, and transients, followed by advanced mitigation techniques including active power filters, dynamic voltage restorers, STATCOM devices, and harmonic compensation strategies. By analyzing case studies, technical data, and real-world implementations, this study emphasizes the importance of a systematic approach to PQ management for enhancing reliability, efficiency, and stability of electrical systems.

Keywords: Power quality, Harmonics, Voltage sag, STATCOM, Active power filter, Mitigation techniques.

Author: Dr. Kavita Sharma, Er. Rajesh Mehta.

Abstract: Growing complexity and dynamic behavior of electrical grids necessitate advanced approaches for control and monitoring. Power system automation, integrated with intelligent control strategies, has emerged as a vital solution for improving efficiency, reliability, and flexibility of modern power systems. This paper explores the architecture, benefits, and challenges of power system automation, focusing on the integration of artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and adaptive algorithms into grid operation. Case studies and comparative analyses of various control approaches are presented to highlight practical implementations. The role of intelligent systems in predictive maintenance, fault detection, demand response, and real-time optimization is discussed in detail. Future advancements, including the application of IoT, machine learning, and decentralized control paradigms, are also examined

Keywords: Power system Automation, Inntelligent Control, artificial intelligence, Neural Network, Fuzzy logic, Smart Grids, Real time monitoring.

Author: Dr. Aakash Mehta, Dr. Sneha Kapoor.

Abstract: Microgrids are localized energy systems that integrate distributed generation, energy storage, and demand management to deliver reliable, efficient, and sustainable power. With the rapid advancement of renewable energy technologies and digital control systems, microgrid design and optimization have become crucial for enhancing energy resilience, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and supporting the transition to decentralized energy models. This paper examines the principles of microgrid design, optimization strategies, integration of renewable sources, and operational challenges. Furthermore, it highlights simulation tools, economic assessments, and policy frameworks necessary for effective microgrid deployment.

Keywords: Microgrid, Renewable Integration, Optimization, Energy Storage, Distributed Generation, Smart Control

Author: Dr. Rohan Malhotra, Dr. Meera Kapoor.

Abstract: The integration of solar and wind energy systems into power grids is a critical step toward achieving a sustainable energy future. This paper examines the technical, operational, and regulatory challenges associated with grid integration, and highlights potential solutions that leverage advancements in power electronics, energy storage, and smart grid technologies. The study also emphasizes the role of forecasting, grid flexibility, and hybrid systems in ensuring reliable power supply. A case-based approach is used to illustrate the impact of large-scale renewable penetration on grid stability and efficiency.

Keywords: Solar energy, Wind energy, Grid integration, Renewable energy, Energy storage, Smart grids

Author: Dr. Kavita Sharma, Mr. Arjun Patel.

Abstract: Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are emerging as critical components in modern power networks, enabling enhanced reliability, stability, and integration of renewable energy sources. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various types of ESS, including electrochemical, mechanical, thermal, and emerging storage technologies. It explores their operational principles, applications in grid balancing, frequency regulation, peak shaving, and renewable integration. Implementation challenges such as cost, lifecycle, environmental impact, and technological limitations are discussed. Furthermore, the paper examines recent advancements in battery technologies, policy support mechanisms, and the role of ESS in future decentralized and smart energy systems.

Keywords: Energy Storage Systems, Battery Technologies, Grid Stability, Renewable Integration, Smart Grids, Frequency Regulation.

Author: Dr. Ramesh Kumar, Ms. Priya Malhotra.

Abstract: Electrical Power System Expansion Planning (EPSEP) is a critical process in ensuring that electricity supply meets future demand in an economically viable, reliable, and environmentally sustainable manner. It involves long-term planning for generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure to accommodate growing loads while optimizing operational costs and maintaining system reliability. The increasing integration of renewable energy sources, advancements in smart grid technologies and evolving environmental regulations have added complexity to EPSEP. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of strategies, optimization models, and decision-making approaches for effective power system expansion planning. Challenges such as uncertainties in demand forecasting, renewable energy intermittency, and financial constraints are discussed, along with solutions leveraging advanced computational techniques. The study also highlights case studies and simulation-based approaches for improved accuracy in planning outcomes.

Keywords: Electrical power system, expansion planning, optimization, generation capacity, transmission planning, renewable integration, reliability, smart grid.

Author: Dr. Neha Sharma, Mr. Rajiv Mehta.

Abstract: The integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into modern electrical grids has revolutionized energy distribution, monitoring, and control, giving rise to the concept of smart grids. However, this digital transformation introduces significant cybersecurity challenges that threaten operational stability, consumer privacy, and economic performance. Cyberattacks targeting smart grids may exploit vulnerabilities in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and distributed energy resources (DERs). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of cybersecurity risks in smart electrical grids, discusses recent cyberattack incidents, and examines advanced strategies such as intrusion detection systems, blockchain, artificial sintelligence, and quantum cryptography for securing grid operations. The study also explores the role of international standards, regulatory frameworks, and coordinated response plans in ensuring grid resilience. Recommendations are made for integrating proactive security-by-design principles to protect critical infrastructure in the evolving cyber threat landscape.

Keywords: Smart grid security, cyber threats, SCADA, intrusion detection, blockchain, quantum cryptography, grid resilience.

Author: Dr. Neha Kapoor, Dr. Amit Deshmukh.

Abstract: Fault detection and protection are critical to ensuring the safety, reliability, and stability of power systems. With the expansion of electrical networks, integration of renewable energy sources, and increased complexity of load patterns, the need for advanced and intelligent protection mechanisms has grown significantly. This paper discusses state-of-the-art fault detection methods, including traveling wave techniques, phasor measurement units, and artificial intelligence-based algorithms. It also explores adaptive protection schemes, communication-assisted relaying, and the role of Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS). Comparative analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, supported by practical case studies. The paper concludes with insights into future trends such as self-healing grids and predictive protection systems.

Keywords: Fault Detection, Protection Systems, AI Relays, WAMS, Traveling Wave, Adaptive Protection.

Author: Dr. Kavita Sharma, Er. Manish Verma. 

Abstract: The modernization of electric grids with Internet of Things (IoT) devices represents a transformative step in energy management, reliability, and sustainability. The integration of IoT into grid operations enables real-time data acquisition, predictive maintenance, demand-side management, and enhanced cybersecurity. This paper explores the architecture, components, and benefits of IoT-enabled grid modernization, including advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), intelligent sensors, and edge computing. A critical evaluation of challenges such as interoperability, data privacy, and security risks is also provided. The study proposes a multi-layered implementation framework combining IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain for secure, scalable, and adaptive grid management. Case studies of IoT deployments in smart grids are examined, highlighting the tangible benefits in operational efficiency and resilience. The findings emphasize that IoT integration is essential for meeting the future demands of decentralization, decarbonization, and digitalization in the energy sector.

Keywords: Electric grid modernization, IoT, smart grids, AMI, predictive maintenance, energy management, cybersecurity.

Author: A. S. Werulkar, P.S.Kulkarni.

Abstract: This paper presents the design and development of a Microcontroller (8051) based Soft switching ZVS DC-DC Resonant Buck Converter for Solar Battery Charger System. In this work, 17.5V DC voltage received from solar panel is stepped down to 15V and lead acid battery of 12V/45Ah is charged. Soft-switching (ZVS-zero voltage switching technique) of the Buck converter is implemented to improve the efficiency of the converter and it is observed that efficiency of the converter is between 55% to 88 %. For load variation from 4W to 48W.KEIL Micro vision software is used as a compiler to generate required hex file for the Microcontroller.

Keywords: Auxiliary resonant circuit, Microcontroller, photovoltaic (PV), soft-switching buck converter, zero voltage switching (ZVS).

Author: M. Dinesh, J. Basakran.

Abstract: In this paper, we report on the functioning of a UPFC for the FACTS devices when used in a multi-machine power system to damp the electromechanical oscillations. PI, PID and POfD controllers form the basis of the design of the unified power flow controller. The amplification part of the controller is modified depends upon the power system conditions. The performance of the controllers is simulated over a wide range of operating conditions and disturbances and its robustness is proved.

Keywords: Damping power system, FACTS devices, PI controller, UPFC.

Author: A Srinivas

Abstract: This work presents a three phase shunt active power filter based inverter with Multi Levels. In this study, the novel approach i.e NPC based Multi-Level inverter proposed. The proposed approach reveals unwanted active current component with fundamental frequency contained in the compensation current which causes oscillation and fall of the DC voltage level of shunt active power filter. The proportional-integral controller that has been widely used by researchers is used to maintain the reference DC voltage level. The proposed system is modeled with MATLAB/Simulink and simulation studies are carried out on RL and RC type load with both PI controller and Fuzzy controller. The obtained results from the simulation studies show that the proposed approach give the good results when the level of the inverter increases.

Keywords: NPC; Multilevel; PI; Fuzzy

Author: K Rama Krishna, E Prasanna, M Ragini

Abstract: The Power Quality (PQ) in distribution system is affected by the pollution introduced by the customers. Voltage Sag is one of the Power Quality problem created by the nonlinear loads. When nonlinear load is connected to a source, there is a dip in the voltage which could be critical for the entire system. DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) which is connected in shunt at point of common coupling is one effective solution for system facing such problems. This work proposes a Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) Inverter based DSTATCOM to compensate voltage sag in power distribution network. CHB converters are being considered for the increasing number of applications due to their high power capability associated with low output harmonics and low commutation losses. The proposed design uses a standard three-leg inverter (one leg or each phase) and an H-bridge in series with each inverter leg which uses a capacitor as the dc power source. The performance of the proposed DSTATCOM is validated through simulation using MATLAB software with its Simulink and Power system block set tools and also the performance of the system without DSTATCOM and with DSTATCOM is evaluated

Keywords: DSTATCOM; Power Quality; Restructured Power Systems; Reactive Power Compensation.

Author: Dr. Ananya Sharma, Er. Rohit Verma.

Abstract: High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) multi-terminal transmission systems have emerged as a viable solution for efficient long-distance power transfer and integration of renewable energy sources. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of advanced HVDC multi-terminal topologies, control strategies, and operational considerations. Emphasis is given to system stability, fault management, and interoperability with AC grids. Simulation studies demonstrate the impact of multi-terminal HVDC networks on voltage stability, power flow control, and renewable integration. Challenges, including protection system complexity, converter coordination, and investment costs, are addressed. Recommendations for future research focus on AI-based control, hybrid AC-DC optimization, and standardized protection schemes to enhance reliability and performance of HVDC multi-terminal networks.

Keywords: HVDC, Multi-Terminal Transmission, Grid Integration, Renewable Energy, Power Flow Control, DC Protection, System Stability.

Authors:-Takle Rameshwar G , Vanjole Prasad L, Motale Dnyaneshwar G, Jadhav Sanket s, Prof. Dr Haripriya H. Kulkarni

Abstract:-The utilization of electricity in every country shows the economical growth of country. So the continuity of supply is main factor to growth of country by using different alternative energy sources like solar, wind, diesel generation etc. Now today’s residential and industrial supply mainly uses solar, DG, Utility supplies etc. so for switching between these phases required to utilizes available supply unit in proper manner. Automatic phase selector is a switching mechanism between phases on the basis of priority given to the phases by using Microcontroller.

Author: Shubham Dubey, Shubham Saraswat, Sumit Bagla, Tarash Tejwani, D.Blandina Miracle.

Abstract: Our goal for this project is to design and implement a pedaling chair power generator for the rural areas are having the common problem of hardly any resource to power up their devices due to backwardness. The “Pedal Operated Power Generator” is an initiative to bring safe and reliable power to the billions of people around the world without electricity. This goal will be accomplished by designing a safe and sturdy human powered stationary pedaling chair that produces DC energy. The DC power generated can be stored via batteries and used by the local population to use for lights and other utilities that many take for granted on a daily basis. Pedaling chair Power Generators are not a new idea, with many created by hobbyist for residential use with small scale energy in mind, to charge batteries in case of a power outage or natural disaster. We are looking to expand upon these designs and build a DC generator that will convert human power into electrical power. The objective is to build a device that is safer and more power efficient. If our product design were to be built and shipped to people across the globe, it would be imperative that it meets all the safety specifications that any national commercial product entails.

Keywords: Pedaling chair power generator, power generators, Pedal Operated Power Generator.

Authors:-Kuldip A. Ugale, Akash S. Gadge, Vyankatesh N. Ruikar, Prof. Rashmi . D. Sonone

Abstract:-The demand for power has increased exponentially with time. The need for accurate and economic methods of power measurement. The goal of providing such data is to optimize and reduce their power consumption.. The integration of the Arduino and GSM Short Message Service (SMS) provide the meter reading system with some automatic functions that are predefined. The proposed energy meter system can incorporate with embedded controller and GSM modem to transmit the data like consumed energy in kWh, generated bill, security services (line Cut/On) over GSM mobile network such as data can be then fed and integrated into existing energy management systems located at power companies or organizations to provide the services among the customers without man-power. This Meter helps consumer to know the information of consumption of electricity for appliances in their respective houses. The aim of this research work is to measure and analyze power consumption using Smart Meter data by conducting case study on various households. In addition of saving electricity, Smart Meter data illustrates the behavior of consumers in using devices. As power consumption is increasing day by day there should be more focus on understanding consumption patterns i.e. measurement and analysis of consumption over time is required. In case of developing nations, the technology of employing smart electricity meters is still unaware to many common people and electricity utilities.

Authors:- Shrddha A. Kohale, Rashmi D. Sonone

Abstract:-With the development in science and engineering the power system protection field also get advanced which includes the development of relays .the relays journey started by electromechanical then solid state and now digital and numerical relays .An economical and feasible solution to investigate the performance of relays and protection system offered by modeling of protective relays .Distance relay is one of the effective protective relays that are used for the protection of extra high voltage transmission lines. Distance relays are considered of the high speed class and can provide protection. To detect the fault on transmission lines many distance relays are used but for long transmission line mho relay is most suited. The proposed work is about designing of numerical mho relay in MATLAB / SIMULINK to be used for distance protection schemes of long distance transmission lines with better result and characteristics. The required mho relay algorithm is evaluated by using MATLAB to model the power system under different fault condition and simulate it by using phasor based method available in MATLAB simulation. Thus the modeling and simulation of numerical mho relay gives the improved result and greatly enhance the performance of mho relay.

Authors: Dr. Raghav Sharma, Ms. Priya Verma

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in modern power system operations, enabling advanced monitoring, prediction, and control functions that surpass the limitations of traditional methods. This paper explores key AI techniques—such as machine learning, deep learning, expert systems, and reinforcement learning—and their applications in load forecasting, fault detection, voltage stability, demand response, and renewable energy integration. Furthermore, it presents a comparative analysis of AI-based solutions with conventional approaches, highlighting improvements in operational efficiency, fault diagnosis speed, and decision-making accuracy. The integration of AI with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) is also discussed, providing insights into real-time intelligent control. Challenges related to data quality, cybersecurity, and model interpretability are examined, along with future research directions. The findings indicate that AI-driven power systems can achieve enhanced reliability, reduced downtime, and optimized resource utilization, thereby supporting the vision of smart, sustainable grids.

Authors: Mr. Atharva Khare, Prashant Honmukhe

Abstract: Wind power now represents a major and growing source of renewable energy. Large wind turbines (with capacities of up to 6-8 MW) are widely installed in power distribution networks. Increasing numbers of onshore and offshore wind farms, acting as power plants, are connected directly to power transmission networks at the scale of hundreds of megawatts. As its level of grid penetration has begun to increase dramatically, wind power is starting to have a significant impact on the operation of the modern grid system. Advanced power electronics technologies are being introduced to improve the characteristics of the wind turbines, and make them more suitable for integration into the power grid. Meanwhile, there are some emerging challenges that still need to be addressed. This paper provides an overview and discusses some trends in the power electronics technologies used for wind power generation. First, the state-of-the-art technology and global market are generally discussed. Several important wind turbine concepts are discussed, along with power electronics solutions either for individual wind turbines or for entire wind farms. Some technology challenges and future solutions for power electronics in wind turbine systems are also addressed.

Authors:- Aditya D Sarkate, Durgesh B Pathare, Vaishnavi V Deshmukh, Shiwani A Dewang, Krunal N Ghode, A K Duchakke

Abstract:- Attendance system plays vital role in any institution, schools and colleges where the record of their regularity is noted. In This concepts we have replace the traditional attendance system into moving automated biometric attendance system where teachers don’t have to call students name for their attendance. A moving robot will come to student’s place where he has to just place their finger on fingerprint Scanner. This concept will save time while taking attendance in manual system. There will be transparency and also authentication will be fully based on the students biometric so no issue of fake attendance. This will increase overall classroom attendance as biometric of students cannot be mismatched.

Author: Bhumi Sharma

Abstract: Energy is one of the major issues that are causing the most discussion as petroleum derivatives are the best toxins and the best supporters of the impact .The expanding significance of natural concern, fuel reserve funds and inaccessibility of intensity has prompted the recharging of sustainable power sources. It accordingly makes sense that creating nations whose vitality utilization rate is expanding at a quick rate ought to examine new vitality frameworks based on sustainable power sources which are unlimited, for example, the Solar framework.

Author:-Prof.Gopal Reddy.K*, Ashwin . M, Dhanyashree. D. M, Kiran. C. S, Darshangowda. M. J

Abstract:-In the industrial sector the various motoring loads are continuously running and increasing the inductive load. So the power factor in this system get reduces due to the inductive reactive power. But the electricity board has a standard limit regarding the power factor values and if the power factor goes below the specified limit the electricity company charges the penalty to the industrial consumers. APFC device reads power factor from line voltage and line current by determining the delay in the arrival of the current signal with respect to voltage signal from the function generator with high accuracy by using an internal timer. This time values are the calibrated as phase angle and corresponding power factor. Then the values are displayed in Liquid crystal display modules. Then the motherboard calculates the compensation requirement and accordingly switches on different capacitor banks. This is developed by using AVR microcontroller.

Author: Dr. Ankit Sharma, Priya Verma.

Abstract: Distributed Generation (DG) refers to small-scale electricity generation technologies located close to the point of consumption. The integration of DG into distribution networks significantly impacts system performance, operational efficiency, and reliability. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of DG on distribution networks, including voltage profiles, power losses, system reliability, and protection coordination. Various DG technologies, such as photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, and microturbines, are discussed along with their respective effects. The study also examines the economic and environmental implications of DG adoption. Simulation-based evaluations highlight both positive and negative impacts, underscoring the need for advanced planning and control strategies. The results indicate that, while DG can enhance efficiency and sustainability, its improper placement or operation can lead to instability and protection issues. Recommendations for optimal DG integration are provided to ensure maximum benefits with minimal adverse effects.

Keywords: Distributed Generation, Distribution Networks, Voltage Profile, Power Loss, Renewable Energy, Protection Coordination, System Reliability.

Author: Dr. Rakesh Verma, Ms. Ananya Gupta.

Abstract: High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission technology is revolutionizing the way electrical power is transported across vast distances with minimal losses. Over the past few decades, HVDC systems have transitioned from specialized applications to becoming a cornerstone of modern power transmission infrastructure. This paper explores the fundamental principles, key components, operational advantages, and real-world implementations of HVDC technology. Special attention is given to recent advancements, integration with renewable energy sources, and the role of HVDC in enabling cross-border interconnections. The study also analyzes the challenges and emerging solutions, providing a comprehensive perspective on the future of HVDC in achieving global energy transition objectives.

Keywords: HVDC, Power Transmission, Renewable Integration, Grid Interconnection, Power Electronics.

Authors:-C. M. Kalaiselvi, R.Sathiyaa, S.Sowndharya

Abstract:-The focus in most of the industries fall on the maintenance of motor by constant and regular observations of motor for fault detection. That system is totally based upon the advance technology, for early fault prediction. That is the new strategy used for maintenance of the machine early fault prediction by using the warning signal, that all used here in induction for maintaining their long life and keeps it healthy. By using continuous monitoring of induction motor, system can early know the age of the machine. Vibration based analysis technique is used for avoiding unexpected failures and for obtaining high accuracy for fault detection monitoring technique is used.

Author: Prakash Kerur, R.L.Chakrasali

Abstract: Micro grid distribution system planning is important to ensure that the growing need of electricity is met by the distributors. Planning starts at customer level, Individual power producers (IPPs) are the part of the power management system, as low power generated by the IPPs should reach the consumer through the shortest path in order to reduce the feeder line losses in low voltage distribution networks. Therefore, proper planning of the distribution system is very important to maintain continuity of power. While Planning Distribution System (DSP) the concept of graph theory can be used such that it involves selection of all possible paths through the graph between each pair of vertices. It compares the paths that exist between each pair of vertices until an optimal shortest path between two vertices is achieved. In this work selection of optimal shortest path is obtained using Johnson’s Algorithm. Several optimization techniques have been implemented to solve the problem of identification of shortest path. The work presented in this paper is   yet another approach to address the same issue. To validate the proposed method, it is implemented on IEEE 8 bus system and simulation carried out using MAT LAB with results obtained for bidirectional power flow. 

Keywords: Autonomous, Distribution Network, Bidirectional Power Flow, Distributed Control, Distributed Generation, Tie- Set Graph Theory, Johnson’s Algorithm.

Author: V. Vijitha

Abstract: This proposed model provides an intelligent control of frequency variations in the distribution system due to direct tapping on the line or bypassing the meter. The existing system uses step down cycloconverter or variable frequency drive to step down the fundamental frequency from 50 Hz to 10 Hz of the distribution transformer [1] where no load could work properly and then distribute the power which thereby causes many fluctuation in frequency. Our proposed system uses matrix cycloconverter which is bidirectional and thus reduces the frequency variations in the line and thus provides a efficient use by the legal consumers. Matrix converter has an inherent bidirectional energy flow capability and the input power factor can be fully controlled. Hence this system provides an efficient way of proceedings the intelligent controller of electricity theft due to direct hooking’s or tapings on the distribution line. The proposed model has been realized and analyzed in Matlab.

Author: Dr. Ananya Sharma, Er. Rohan Verma.

Abstract: Electric power transmission loss reduction is a critical aspect of ensuring energy efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in modern power systems. With rising global energy demands and the integration of renewable energy sources, minimizing technical and non-technical losses is vital. This paper explores state-of-the-art methods for reducing transmission losses, including advanced conductor materials, reactive power compensation, distributed generation integration, and real-time monitoring systems. Furthermore, economic and environmental implications are assessed to highlight the broader benefits of effective loss minimization strategies. The proposed techniques can significantly enhance grid performance, reduce operational costs, and support the transition towards a smarter and greener electrical infrastructure.

Keywords: : Electric power transmission, Loss reduction, Reactive power compensation, Distributed generation, Smart grid, Energy efficiency.

Author: Dr. Ananya Sharma, Er. Rohit Verma.

Abstract: High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) multi-terminal transmission systems have emerged as a viable solution for efficient long-distance power transfer and integration of renewable energy sources. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of advanced HVDC multi-terminal topologies, control strategies, and operational considerations. Emphasis is given to system stability, fault management, and interoperability with AC grids. Simulation studies demonstrate the impact of multi-terminal HVDC networks on voltage stability, power flow control, and renewable integration. Challenges, including protection system complexity, converter coordination, and investment costs, are addressed. Recommendations for future research focus on AI-based control, hybrid AC-DC optimization, and standardized protection schemes to enhance reliability and performance of HVDC multi-terminal networks.

Keywords: HVDC, Multi-Terminal Transmission, Grid Integration, Renewable Energy, Power Flow Control, DC Protection, System Stability.

Authors:-R Venkata Krishna, S Mallikarjuna, Ashwini G

Abstract:-The distributed power flow-controller (DPFC) modified from UPFC for increasing system stability and reducing costs. The DPFC can be considered as a UPFC with an eliminated common dc link. The active power exchange between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. The DPFC has the same control capability as the UPFC, which comprises the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The objective of this review paper is to study principle of DPFC and analysis the performance to improve the voltage profile. Detailed simulations were carried out to illustrate the control features of these devices. 

Authors: K Anil , N Narasimha Rao 

Abstract : With the advent of Renewable Energy sources DC Grid control plays a vital role. In this paper we are implementing the design of a dc grid which is depend upon the wind power generation system in the poultry farm. Therefore the control scheme which is utilized for separate controller for the inverter when the grid is connected and the islanded operation have been proposed. A model predictive control algorithm which is used for the better transient performance with respect to the change in the operation condition which is proposed for the inverter operation. Hybrid PI-Fuzzy controller is denoted as human decision making mechanism which provided the operation for the electronic system with the expert decision. Hybrid PI-Fuzzy logic controller is introduced for the fluctuations of the micro grid which are controlled with the constant regulation of power. And a separate controller have been developed for the wind turbine which is used for maintain the power to mitigate the variation error. Therefore we are comparing the controller with the Hybrid PI-Fuzzy controller. Therefore to determine the capability of the proposed micro grid which is connected and islanded from the distributed grid which is obtained by discussed

Authors: Kazi Rafiqul Islam, Md. Shahid Iqbal, Md. Monirul Kabir

Abstract: This paper presents a new electricity load forecasting (ELF) model based on feed-forward neural network (FFNN) using the constructive technique in course of training. The vital aspect of this model is to determine the FFNN architecture automatically during training in order to forecast the electricity load. Thus, the strength of standard FFNN increases in forecasting the electricity load. Furthermore, the proposed model overcomes efficiently the existing shortcomings of FFNN to predict loads of holidays and fast load changes. We call this model as constructive approach for electricity load forecasting (CAELF) as per short term basis. In order to evaluate the performance of CAELF, the daily electricity load demand data of Spain has been used. Extensive experimental results and comparisons show that CAELF has a significant capability to forecast the electricity load compared to the other standard FFNN models.

Author: Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Ms. Anjali Mehta.

Abstract: Power electronics plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of modern electrical systems, enabling efficient energy conversion, control, and distribution. With rapid advancements in semiconductor devices, converter topologies, and control algorithms, power electronics has become indispensable in applications ranging from renewable energy integration to electric vehicles and smart grids. This paper explores the evolution, applications, and challenges associated with power electronics in modern systems. It examines advancements in high-efficiency switching devices, multi-level inverters, and digital control techniques, while also discussing future prospects in wide-bandgap materials and AI-based system optimization. The paper concludes by emphasizing the critical role of power electronics in achieving sustainable, reliable, and flexible electrical infrastructures.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Modern Electrical Systems, Converters, Renewable Energy Integration, Wide-Bandgap Devices, Smart Grids.

Author: Dr. Kavita Sharma, Er. Manish Verma.

Abstract: The modernization of electric grids with Internet of Things (IoT) devices represents a transformative step in energy management, reliability, and sustainability. The integration of IoT into grid operations enables real-time data acquisition, predictive maintenance, demand-side management, and enhanced cybersecurity. This paper explores the architecture, components, and benefits of IoT-enabled grid modernization, including advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), intelligent sensors, and edge computing. A critical evaluation of challenges such as interoperability, data privacy, and security risks is also provided. The study proposes a multi-layered implementation framework combining IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain for secure, scalable, and adaptive grid management. Case studies of IoT deployments in smart grids are examined, highlighting the tangible benefits in operational efficiency and resilience. The findings emphasize that IoT integration is essential for meeting the future demands of decentralization, decarbonization, and digitalization in the energy sector.

Keywords: Electric grid modernization, IoT, smart grids, AMI, predictive maintenance, energy management, cybersecurity.

Authors: Nisha Verma, Albert John Varghese

Abstract: Demand Side Management (DSM) is associated to means of adapting the electricity demand to the electricity production, transmission, and distribution in the grid. Smart Grids and Demand Side Management hold potential increase share of energy sources to distribute energy, reduce the need for the energy, and reduce the cost of the power for customers. The core objective of DSM is to attend the load over time by saving the peaks and to transfer as much of the flexible demand as possible way from peak time into periods of lower activity. The aim of my paper is to design a conceptual model, which designs the Domains included Applications and Actors related to Demand Side Management and smart metering. This paper focuses on demand side management (DSM) of households. The paper proposes power grid enhancement DSM techniques to form a system. The two techniques are: a) advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and b) solar photovoltaic (PV) systems installed on households. The aim of the AMI is to provide communication between the energy consumers. It brings energy awareness to households by providing them with more detailed energy consumption information which helps them manage their energy better. Integration of standalone solar PV supplements energy that households draw from the system. It reduces load catered by the grid. It can also save peak demand and hence delay need for large investment into new power stations.

Author: T. Rakesh, Dr. V. Madhusudhan, Dr. M. Sushama.

Abstract: This article offers a novel cascaded structure convertor (CMC)-primarily based mostly distribution-kind STATCOM integrated with distribution electrical device for medium voltage utility. The star-related, n-level CMC is connected to the winding faucets on the first windings of the electrical device to reap voltage strain discount and maintain a bendy affiliation voltage degree. Taking complete use of the spare potential of distribution electrical device, a compromise between cascaded cells depends and also the voltage pressure is completed. The CMC-based altogether DSTATCOM is controlled as a controlled current supply to inject compensation current to the first windings through the taps. A modified decoupled fashionable manipulate is planned to control the device. Simulation version and scale-down model area unit developed to verify the performance of the planned integrated structure. Simulation and experimental effects demonstrate the great performance of the planned structure for reactive power compensation.

Keywords: Cascaded Multilevel Converter; Dstatcom; Reactive Power Compensation; Winding Taps; Distribution Transformer, Power Distribution Systems (Pds).

Authors: Prakash Kerur, Dr. R. L. Chakrasali

Abstract: Power system operation aims to meet the electricity demand at all the locations within power network as economically and reliably as possible. Conventional power system planning operation is based on centralized utility control. Optimal planning of DG for a distribution system is a crucial factor to achieve the benefits. DG may degrade the performance of the distribution system, if not planned properly. Therefore, in this paper, attempts have been made to develop some methodologies, which will be helpful for integrating DG into the existing electric power distribution systems and maximum power flow from source to destination with max-flow min-cut algorithm. The power flow should be not more than the capacity of the distribution line, hence max-flow min-cut theorem tells us that the value of flow and the capacity of the source to sink cut are both optimal in this network. Outflow from source node is equal to inflow in sink node indicates maximum flow in the network with minimum capacity of edges. The maxflow problem and min-cut problem can be formulated by Network optimization is a special type of linear programming model. This algorithm in implemented on IEEE-5 and IEEE-14 bus system using MATLAB graph theory function to validate the results.

Author: Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Ms. Anjali Mehta. 

Abstract: Power electronics plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of modern electrical systems, enabling efficient energy conversion, control, and distribution. With rapid advancements in semiconductor devices, converter topologies, and control algorithms, power electronics has become indispensable in applications ranging from renewable energy integration to electric vehicles and smart grids. This paper explores the evolution, applications, and challenges associated with power electronics in modern systems. It examines advancements in high-efficiency switching devices, multi-level inverters, and digital control techniques, while also discussing future prospects in wide-bandgap materials and AI-based system optimization. The paper concludes by emphasizing the critical role of power electronics in achieving sustainable, reliable, and flexible electrical infrastructures.

 Keywords:  Power Electronics, Modern Electrical Systems, Converters, Renewable Energy Integration, Wide-Bandgap Devices, Smart Grids

Author: Dr. Karan Malhotra, Er. Neha Raghavan.

Abstract: The application of Machine Learning (ML) in power grid operations has opened new avenues for predictive maintenance, fault detection, and demand forecasting. Traditional methods of load and fault prediction often fall short in adapting to complex and dynamic grid environments. ML algorithms leverage historical and real-time data to improve prediction accuracy, minimize downtime, and optimize resource allocation. This paper presents a comprehensive study on ML-based load and fault prediction techniques, discussing their implementation, benefits, and challenges. We explore supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid models, highlighting their role in enhancing grid reliability. The findings suggest that a hybrid approach integrating multiple ML models and sensor networks can significantly improve predictive accuracy while reducing operational risks.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Load Forecasting, Fault Prediction, Power Grid, Predictive Maintenance, Artificial Intelligence.

Authors: Gopala Reddy.K, T. Ananthapadmanabha

Abstract: In order to reduce power losses caused by high current and improve the voltage profile in the network distribution, the introduction of distributed generations also called productions decentralized in distribution network plays a prominent role. The placement and sizing of DGs is essential because wrong choice may jeopardize the system behaviour. To solve this combinatorial problem, an meta-heuristic algorithm known as artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The paper illustrates the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms for optimal location and sizing of distributed generation in a distribution network.

Authors: Vijay Yadav, Sharad Arya, Preeti Vijay

Abstract: In this paper an active power control strategy has been proposed such that when the wind alone is not able to meet the energy requirement, without compromising the frequency a transition occurs to wind diesel manner so that the energy need is met. Then the system’s dynamic concert is compared for two cases with squirrel cage induction generator and permanent magnet induction generator. The mathematical model considered uses a STATCOM to meet the reactive power need upon sudden step change in power. The performance and the analysis is done in a easy to use MATLAB/Simulink environment

Authors: Kalahasthi Rajesh Babu1 , Issarapu Reveathi2

Abstract: Numerous advantages of a BLDC motor over a brushed DC motor in absence of the mechanical commutators which allows higher speeds. Having individual converters has advantages like more flexible individual control and simpler design but does not encourage functionality merging. As a result, power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high power and medium voltage situations using DG system. Distributed Generation (DG) has become increasingly more accepted since the demand for reliable and secure power systems with high power quality increases. This project presents the Distribution Generation system. The power flow is determined by controlling the amplitude and angle of displacement between the voltage produced by the DG and the grid voltage, i.e., the control variable is the same before and after the islanding mode occurs. The voltage control provides the capability to supply different kinds of loads to the DG system, such as linear, nonlinear, and motor, balanced, or unbalanced, even if the DG operates in the islanding mode. These kinds of controls are suitable for DGs operating in parallel as each of the DGs are connected to the grid through a distribution transformer (DT). Conversely, the other approaches introduced more effective. The operation of a distributed generation (DG) system driven by a dc-dc step-up converter and a dc-ac voltage source inverter (VSI) interfaced to BLDC drive system. The simulation results are presented by using Matlab/simulink software.

Author: Dr. Rakesh Sharma, Er. Priya Nair.

Abstract: Load forecasting is a critical component in modern power system planning and operation. Accurate forecasting methods ensure optimal generation scheduling, minimize operational costs, and enhance system reliability. This paper presents an overview of traditional, statistical, and machine learning-based load forecasting methods, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and practical applications in electrical networks. The evolution of forecasting techniques is discussed in the context of increasing renewable energy integration and demand-side management. Comparative analysis and optimization strategies are provided to guide engineers in selecting suitable methods for specific operational requirements.

Keywords: Load forecasting, electrical networks, time series analysis, neural networks, demand prediction, renewable integration.

Author: Dr. Kavita Sharma, Er. Rohan Mehta.

Abstract: The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is transforming the global transportation landscape, bringing significant implications for modern power grids. While EVs offer environmental benefits and reduced dependence on fossil fuels, their integration into power networks introduces complex challenges including increased demand variability, peak load stresses, and infrastructure readiness. This paper examines the multi-faceted impact of EV charging on power systems, focusing on load dynamics, grid stability, and potential mitigation strategies. Furthermore, optimization approaches, smart charging techniques, and policy frameworks are discussed to ensure sustainable integration. By providing a comprehensive analysis, this study aims to assist policymakers, engineers, and utilities in preparing for a future where EVs play a central role in both energy consumption and storage.

Keywords: Electric Vehicles, Power Grids, Load Management, Smart Charging, Renewable Integration, Grid Stability.

Authors: Swapnil Mohod, Pooja Bhalerao, Gauri Karhe,  Vaidehi Nandurkar

Abstract: There are two types of energies i.e. conventional energy and non-conventional energy conventional energies are the source of energy i.e. fuel coal, mineral, etc is now depleting day by day .These sources are getting exhausted and are responsible for energy crisis. We have to search for an alternative method. Use of non-conventional energy is one of the effective and alternative method for this problem. The human locomotion is being wasted so we can utilize this wasted energy for the energy demand. In this project we are presenting a idea of generating electric energy by using simple human locomotion or footstep i.e non-conventional energy source. In this project we can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by using mechanical and electrical setup. This arrangement is placed under a floor which contains rack, pinion, spring, gear mechanism and electrical equipment like battery, inverter, generator and load. When a person walk over such system the human locomotion i.e. kinetic energy is converted electric get stored which can be provided to nearby places. This project can prove beneficiary for health aspect and pollution aspect. By using this concept on a large scale, large power can be tapped out.

Author: K. V. Jyothi Prakash

Abstract: Electricity is one of the basic requirements of human being, which is widely used in Industrial, domestic and agricultural purposes. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization there is a great demand for electricity and to meet this increased demand, the technologies like nuclear power plants, hydro electrical power plants, solar power plants, wind power plants etc. are implemented. Because of demand for power being greater than the power generated and various failures at the power generation centers or on the distribution front etc, the continuous distribution of power to all requirements all time poses various challenges and in some cases may be it is impossible. Therefore the proper utilization and efficient distribution of power is very important and is a challenge. Here in this paper we describe a method for the efficient distribution of power along with various additional features.

Authors: V. Thriveni .K., Dhananjay Rao

Abstract: This paper presents varied aspects of optimum Phasor measurement Unit(PMU) placement drawback. The optimum PMU placement drawback is developed to attenuate the quantity of PMUs installation subject to full network observability. Normally, the ability to system observation is applied for the optimum PMUs placement with minimum use of unit within the region of the sensible power system. By advanced tool, the method of protection and management of the ability system is taken into account with the activity of time-synchronized of the voltage and current. so as to own associate in Nursing economical placement resolution for the issue, a unique methodology is required with the optimum approach. For complete power network observability of PMU optimum placement are placement methodology is enforced to access a totally noticeable facility considering zero-injection buses, the minimum variety of needed PMUs obtained by Genetic formula is tested for IEEE-14,IEEE-30 and IEEE- 57bus.The simulation results area unit evaluated and compared with existing formula to point out the economical method of optimum PMUs placement.

Author: Dr. Rakesh Verma, Ms. Ananya Gupta.

Abstract: High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission technology is revolutionizing the way electrical power is transported across vast distances with minimal losses. Over the past few decades, HVDC systems have transitioned from specialized applications to becoming a cornerstone of modern power transmission infrastructure. This paper explores the fundamental principles, key components, operational advantages, and real-world implementations of HVDC technology. Special attention is given to recent advancements, integration with renewable energy sources, and the role of HVDC in enabling cross-border interconnections. The study also analyzes the challenges and emerging solutions, providing a comprehensive perspective on the future of HVDC in achieving global energy transition objectives.

Keywords: HVDC, Power Transmission, Renewable Integration, Grid Interconnection, Power Electronics.

Abstract: Electric power transmission loss reduction is a critical aspect of ensuring energy efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in modern power systems. With rising global energy demands and the integration of renewable energy sources, minimizing technical and non-technical losses is vital. This paper explores state-of-the-art methods for reducing transmission losses, including advanced conductor materials, reactive power compensation, distributed generation integration, and real-time monitoring systems. Furthermore, economic and environmental implications are assessed to highlight the broader benefits of effective loss minimization strategies. The proposed techniques can significantly enhance grid performance, reduce operational costs, and support the transition towards a smarter and greener electrical infrastructure.

Keywords: Electric power transmission, Loss reduction, Reactive power compensation, Distributed generation, Smart grid, Energy efficiency

Authors: M.S.Chavan, P.J. Yadav

Abstract: AVR plays a vital role in generating station. To maintain voltage stability of the generator the terminal voltage should remain constant. In a large interconnected system manual regulation is not feasible and therefore automatic generation and voltage regulation equipment is installed at each generator. So, Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) used to maintain a constant voltage level and it uses an electromechanical mechanism or electronic components depending on its design. The regulators must be designed in such a way that it is insensitive to very small changes; if this is not happened then the system may prone to hunting and result in excessive wear and tear in machine and control equipment. This paper consists of simulation and hardware implementation of Ant Colony Optimization algorithm based PID controller design for automatic voltage regulator. The performance of AVR system with conventional fixed gain PID controller and ACO algorithm based PID is compared in Matlab environment by measuring the settling time, peak overshoot and oscillation. The proposed system is also analyzed by hardware implementation.

Authors: A. K. Duchakke, Vijay gangawane, Rupesh Kawade, Prerana Dehankar, Nikita Shahakar, Tejaswini Mute

Abstract: In recent years the power quality problems is a big issue in distribution system. A Power quality means maintaining the sinusoidal bus voltage at rated frequency. A power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user equipments. There are different types of problems in power quality. These problems are power factor, reactive power compensation and harmonic distortion. Different types of FACT devices like as SVC, STATCOM, IPC, UPFC, TCSC, and D-STATCOM can be used to solve these types of problems. Among them D-STATCOM is very well known and can provide cost effective solution for the compensation of reactive power and unbalance loading in distribution system. D-STATCOM is capable to inject a current into the system to correct the power factor and reactive power compensation and harmonics reduction. In this paper the test model of D-STATCOM is showed in simulation to observe how D-STATCOM works. The D-STATCOM applications are mainly for sensitive loads that may be drastically affected by fluctuations in the system voltage.

Authors: Mayank Saxena, Shikhar Agarwal, Ritu Rajan

Abstract: The recent growth of power circuit capacities has caused fault currents to increase. Since the protection of power systems from the fault currents is very important, it is needed to develop a fault current limiter. A fault current limiter is required to assure rapid reaction to fault currents, how impedance in normal operation, and large impedance during fault conditions. A super conducting fault current limiter (SFCL) can meet these requirements superconductors, because of their sharp transition from zero resistance at normal current to finite resistance at higher current densities, are tailor-made for use in FCLs.

Author: A. BulliBabu, S. Ravindhra

Abstract: In a power systems, power flows from thegenerating centre’s to theload centres. In this process many things require investigation, such as the profile of the bus voltage, flow of active power (MW) and reactive power (MVar) in transmission lines, effect of rearranging circuits and installation of regulating devices etc., for different loading conditions. As modern power system has become more large and complex, these investigations should be done with some sort of simulation of the system. Hence in order to meet power demand in a very efficient and economical way, by incorporating Unified Power Flow Controller Device (UPFC) in the transmission system and by using Congestion Management which is used in this project and it makes possible to handle practically all power flow control and transmission line compensation problems, using Solid State Controllers, which provide functional flexibility. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a member of Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device, that utilizes the synchronous voltage sources (VSC) to provide comprehensive control of traditional power flow concepts, the UPFC able to control simultaneously or selectively, all the parameters such as voltage, Impedance, phase angle that affect the power flow in a transmission line. In other words it can provide functional capabilities of controlling both the active and reactive power independently. This project aims to present a reliablemethod to meet therequirements by developing an N-R based load flow calculation program through which control settings of the UPFC can be determined directly. The proposed method keeps the N-R load flow algorithm intactandrequiresonlyalittlemodificationtotheJacobianmatrixintheiterativeprocedure.A

Mat lab program has been developed to calculate the control settings parameters of the UPFC after the load flow is converged. The proposed method is tested on standard IEEE-14 bussystem.

Keywords: UPFC; FACTS (TCSC, TCRP); Optimal Power Flow Algorithm (N-R Method); Mat Lab.

Author: Bh. Praveen Chakravarthy, G.Hemalatha, G.Sravani, B.V.Sarvani, N.S.Prasanthi

Abstract: With the rapid increase in technology, as new industries develop, as new technologies emerges, the exposure of chemicals in the environment is greatly increasing the risk of the people’s life in the society. Despite their benefits, chemicals may, especially when misused, cause adverse effects on human health and environmental integrity. And whenever there is some eruption in the chemical tanks due to any Natural Hazards or Human mistakes there is a greater risk in people’s life in the society, e.g., Bhopal gas Strategy. So the main aim of our project is to detect the presence of mixed numerous gas densities in an area where there is a possibility of eruption of Gas Tanks in the Industrial or in any real time scenario without human intervention. This can be done by designing a real time monitoring system with numerous gaseous detection, with the help of MQ-135 gas sensor, where there is a possibility of integrity of gases to the environment.

Keywords: Arduino ATmega 328p, MQ-135 gas sensor.

Author: KRamaKrishna,Mr.P.RajiReddy, RajuRavula

Abstract: Distributed Generation (DG) is a promising solution to many power system problems such as voltage regulation, power loss, etc. This paper presents a new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for the placement of Distributed Generators(DG) in the radial distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to improve the voltage profile.

A two-stage methodology is used for the optimal DG placement. In the first stage, single DG placement method is used to find the optimal DG locations and in the second stage, ABC algorithm is used to find the sizes of the DGs corresponding to maximum loss reduction. The proposed method is tested on standard IEEE 33-bus test system and the results are presentedand compared with different approaches available in the literature. The proposed method has outperformed the other methods in terms of the quality of solution and computational efficiency.

Keywords: : DG placement, Meta heuristic methods, ABC Algorithm, loss reduction, radial distribution system.

Author: Dr. Chiranjib Bhowmik , Vishal Sanshwar.

Abstract: In this work, a rack and pinion system is utilised to generate electricity by utilising force obtained while walking on steps. It creates electrical energy via mechanical systems. The produced electricity is stored in a battery and utilised to power the linked lighting loads. This is one of the small and efficient power generation systems that may be simply put in a variety of locations. The primary operating concept is based on the application of spring force to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is stored in the inverter's rechargeable battery. This inverter is also used to convert dc to ac. This concept encourages non-traditional energy sources by producing power from human footfall. This article discusses the whole mathematical computations and design. Its hardware model is also being constructed to validate the mathematical design.

Keywords: Generator, inverter, pinion, rack, and electricity generation.

Author: Dr. Ramesh Sharma, Dr. Priya Nair.

Abstract: Smart metering represents a transformative technology in modern power distribution systems, enabling two-way communication between utilities and consumers. Through accurate measurement, real-time monitoring, and efficient data analytics, smart meters play a crucial role in improving energy efficiency, reducing losses, and integrating renewable energy sources. This paper explores the functions, advantages, challenges, and future directions of smart metering with a focus on its contribution to grid modernization. Case studies, implementation strategies, and engineering solutions are also discussed to highlight its role in shaping sustainable and intelligent power distribution networks.

Keywords: Smart Metering, Power Distribution, Renewable Energy Integration, Grid Modernization, Demand Response

Author: Sreenivasan Rao, K. Mamuti.

Abstract: Heating and cooling our home, gassing up our car and watering our lawn, energy costs are one of the most significant expenses that many of us face on a monthly and annual basis. There are numerous ways to reduce both our carbon footprint and our recurring energy costs. In this paper we will discuss simple and common sense techniques that do not require major changes, construction, installation, or upfront expenses. We will discuss there a number of ways to save energy at home and slash our home energy consumption and costs. Instituting one or all of these methods may be just the key to reducing our energy costs and ecological impact to the lowest possible level.

Keywords: Green Energy Technology, Green Technology, Energy Conservation, Low cost Energy

Author: Ravi Joshi, Ashok Charan Gupta.

Abstract: As the electricity generation systems are in a transition phase, it is important that the conversion of AC to DC systems is carrie out smoothly. This is essential to ensure that the energy consumption pattern that people have gotten used to all over the world is sustained. Electrical energy experts have raised some concerns about the inability of the contemporary power grids to come to terms with the pattern of energy production. This paper deals with the solutions that are essential to fix such problems in electrical system engineering.

 Keywords: Electricity Generation, Powergrids, AC to DC, AC Batteries.

Author: Ramesh Chandran, Vishnu Gonti, Srilatha S.

Abstract: In this paper, all the factors that affect the economy and smooth flow of power generation and transmission are outlined. It is hoped that power administrators would be able to manage power generation and transmission smoothly and economically, and sustain it for several years. The power generation plant as well as the structure of transmission needs to be analyzed and continuously evaluated for the system to work efficiently. This paper deals with all these considerations and we hope that it aids in effective implementation of a foolproof power management policy. Spacecraft need to be guided accurately on missions that may last many years whilst also maintaining the desired attitude throughout.

Keywords: Power Generation, Power Management Policy, Transmission.

Author: Abhishek Karan

Abstract: KiteGen or Kite Power is a cost-effective renewable energy solution with a low environmental footprint. KiteGen is a concept developed in Italy for a wind harnessing machine that takes power from high altitude winds. The vertical axis orientation of the rotation is intended to eliminate the static and dynamic problems that prevent the increase in size of conventional wind turbines. In this paper we will discuss how KiteGen or Kite Power has emerged as a latest technology to produce renewable energy from the wind. In this paper we will also discuss the methodology, challenges and advantages of Kite Power.

Keywords: KiteGen, Kite Power, Renewable energy, Wind Power

Author:  A.Mugesh, R.Manivannan, M.Rajasekaran

Abstract: This study appraises techno-economic viability for bio-energy production in Dhinnapatti village using different tools for data collection. Since there was no waste management energy generation system in the village, the habitant threw household waste in the streets and used the animal waste as the fertilizer. This waste scan be utilized to generate bio-energy that can be a renewable substitute for natural gas as natural gas is becoming scarce in our country and is suitable for home use in cooking and heating purposes. The biogas-driven engine and generator are off-the-shelf items, and therefore the period of construction of a biogas-based electric power plant is determined by the time needed to construct the biogas reactor. Because a biogas reactor takes on about six months to build, it has been assumed that the entire expenditure is incurred at the commencement of the project. The items involved in the capital expenditure are the biogas reactor, piping, sand filters, engine, generator, accessories and tools, and engine room.

Keywords: Biogas, Renewable energy economics, Animal waste and Bio-energy etc.

Author: Vaibhav S. Gondkar, Anandrao B. Kakade.

Abstract: Water is the most precious and valuable because it’s a basic need of all the human beings but, now days water supply department are facing problem in real time operation. This is because less amount of water is present in resources due to less rain fall. so, to overcome water supply related problems and make system efficient there is need of proper monitoring and controlling system. In this project, we are focusing on continuous and real time monitoring of water supply in IOT platform. Water supply with continuous monitoring makes a proper distribution so that, we can have a record of available amount of water in tanks. Internet of things is nothing but the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, sensors, software, and network connectivity. Monitoring can be done from anywhere as central office. Using ooowebhostapp.com as free sever data continuously pushed on cloud so we can see data in real time operation. Raspberry pi as Minicomputer can monitor data and also control operation from cloud with efficient client server communication.

Keywords: Raspberry pi, ESR-elevated storage reservoir.

Author: Prerana Kshirsagar, Manaswini Patil, Avinash Jayebhaye, Nisha Dagade

Abstract: This paper deals with automation in industrial plants where batch processes are used, such as food, pharmaceutical and cement industries. Individual pieces of equipment in these plants are controlled by independent programmable logical controllers (PLC). PLC-s communicates with each other and synchronizes their work. With a well-designed automated system, the need for operators’ supervision is greatly minimized and hence permits the labor cost to be reduced and optimizing the repeatability and efficiency of the process done by the system. Thus, the operator may readily and efficiently take real time action on the flow of the process permitting the latter to have an upper hand on the system as the latter may decide his own desirable set points at critical intervals. Clean-in-plant (CIP) processes are time intensive and waste large amounts of energy, water, and chemicals. New innovations in CIP technology allow plant operators to cut costs in an earth-friendly manner while still conforming to regulatory safety standards. This paper explains how new CIP technologies can improve production efficiency.

Keywords: Batch Process, Clean in Plant, PLC, Ladder Diagram, SCADA.

Author: Govind Rai Goyal, Mohit Kumar Jain.

Abstract: Smart Grid is sophisticated, digitally enhanced power systems where the use of modern communications and control technologies allows much greater robustness, efficiency and flexibility than today’s power systems. A smart grid impacts all the components of a power system especially the distribution level. One subset of smart grids is smart metering / advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) etc. In a smart grid, all the various nodes need to interconnect to share data as and where needed. Smart Grid envisages providing choices to each and every customer for deciding the timing and amount of power consumption based upon the price of the power at a particular moment of time, apart from providing choices to the consumer and motivating them to participate in the operations of the grid, causing energy efficiency and accommodating all generation and storage options, Smart Grid also envisages various properties for the Grid like self-healing and adaptive The suite of Smart Grid products and technologies help maximizing system uptime, while also helping the utility more quickly to restore power to homes and businesses in the event of an outage. Government of India has recently formed “Smart Grid Forum” and “Smart Grid Task Force” for enablement of smart grid technology into Indian Power Distribution Utilities as a part of their Smart Grid initiative to meet their growing energy demand in similar with the developed country like USA, Europe etc.

Keywords: AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure), Distribution Automation, AT&C (Aggregated Technical and Commercial) Loss, Asset Management.

Author: Ravi Joshi, Deependra Choudhary.

Abstract: Before Michael Faraday had discovered his famous law of electromagnetic induction, battery were the only source of electric power. After that, DC generator was developed, butit could produce only a few hundred volts of electric power and naturally this low voltage power could not transmitted efficiently to a large distance. In the latter half of eighteen centuries, AC electric power generation, transmission and distribution came into the picture. In an AC system, it became possible to step up voltage of electric power to desire level for efficient transmission to a long distance. After that 3-phase induction motor was developed which was much simpler in construction. Generation, transmission and distribution of AC power were much easier than DC power; hence very fast AC power system became the most popular means of electric power. In this paper we will discuss how fast AC power system became the popular means of electric power.

Keywords: Electric Power Generation, AC Power System, Conventional Sources of Electric Power generation

Author: Shivakumar L N, S.B Shivakumar, Kirankumar G R

Abstract: As the market for solar power is relatively, it is not understood completely. The technology providers for solar power generation are limited, and access to technical data is quite restricted. Before any technology could be implemented on a large scale, there is a need to analyze the energy impact. In this paper, the reanalysis of the cost effectiveness of using solar photovoltaic power plant to meet the energy demands of PES campus in Shivamogga is presented. Levelized cost of energy is calculated with a plant life of 25 years.

Keywords: Power Generation, Technology, Energy, Demand, Solar Power.