Journal of Research in Applied Chemistry

Author: Ganesh Sutar 

Abstract: The water being an important commodity is required to be in pure form, hence it is important to analyses various test of water such as PH value, hardness, chloride, sulfate, fluoride content, cyanide, chromium, lead, arsenic, zinc, alkalinity, turbidity  Dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, BOD, etc. The value of these parameters should be within the range of standard value (Indian standard or WHO). The most common source of natural water is a river, lake, and underground water. The source of water gets contaminated by domestic field, industrial, agricultural practices. The contaminated water flowing in ditches a term as Sewage.  It consists of about 99.9% water and 0.1% of pollutants. The domestic sewage includes human and household wastewater, municipal wastewater etc. In the form of suspended, dissolved, and colloidal states. These wastes are directly discharged into freshwater which causes the pollution of water and land. The organic impurities in sewage help bacteria grow very fast.it leads to a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in water, so aquatic animals and plants cannot survive. Sewage water is a carrier and transports a myriad of diseases and illnesses. According to WHO, about 2.2 million people die each year from diarrhea diseases. There are different characteristics of sewage such as physical, chemical, and biological, which helps to select proper the sewage treatment process. Treatment of sewage water is not only important for human health but to keep our environment clean and healthy.