Author: Aarav sharma
Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called “forever chemicals,” have emerged as a global environmental concern due to their recalcitrance, persistence, and potential for bioaccumulation. PFAS are widely used in industrial and consumer products because of their unique water- and oil-repellent properties. Yet, these same chemical properties make them resistant to natural degradation, leading to widespread contamination of water, soil, and biota. This review provides a detailed summary of PFAS chemistry, sources of pollution, toxicological concerns, current degradation mechanisms, and remediation technologies. Methods are compared based on effectiveness, limitations, and sustainability. The paper highlights advances in both destructive and non-destructive remediation strategies, including emerging hybrid processes. Challenges related to field implementation and future research directions are discussed. The goal is to provide researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of PFAS treatment options and their realistic prospects in mitigating environmental contamination.
Keywords: PFAS, Forever Chemicals, Degradation, Remediation, Advanced Oxidation, Adsorption, Bioremediation, Electrochemical Treatment.
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