Journal of Research in Environmental Sciences and Engineering

Author: Rohan Sandeep Ghatage

Abstract: This paper examines the major harmful pollutants emitted from the vehicles, their impact on human health and the environment and also introduces to a new concept of making pollution free environment along with the advancements in Engineering science. The data contents of this paper are: Current assessment of air pollution from the vehicles , Day-byday increasing amount of harmful gas emissions, Description of Titanium dioxide ( Tio2 ) and its behavior as a catalyst, Chemical science when Tio2 mixed with concrete and possible changes in its properties due to addition of Tio2, Comparison of sample concrete cubes with (a) Tio2 and (b) Tio2 along with co-doping of non-metals (B and N), Analyzing of degradation efficiency by standard tests under the action of UV-rays so as to convert harmful contaminants to harmless precipitate. Such eco-friendly way of degrading the emissions needs to be practiced. By this concept the environment also becomes fresh and pollution free and it also safeguards the public from many adverse health effects.

Author: Radha Ajay Powar

Abstract: This paper reviews the utilization of organic waste for composting. Production of municipal waste continues to rise, which causes loss of resources and increased environmental risks. By open dumping and land filling will cause environmental degradation and harmful disease. Composting is the most appropriate economical solution to overcome the problem due to municipal waste. The total waste generated in India is 1.54 lakh metric tons per day in which 50% of total waste is organic wastes, composting has emerged as one of the best methods for treatment of wastes. Composting reduce the volume of waste generated as well as provide nutrients for plants, also helps in segregation of waste at source. In term of the factor affecting the composting process, temperature, ph, moisture contents and carbon nitrogen ratio are the main factors that contribute to the efficiency of the composting process. This paper shows information on the composting for treating waste as a means of pointing the environmental pollution concerns. Adding additives to the compost have also received much attention in recent years as they enhance the rate of degradation.

Authors: S. Sreeremya

Abstract: Desertification is a major global concern and must be controlled for ecosystem preservation in many arid and semiarid regions. Vegetation restoration has been mainly regarded as an effective ecological measure for desertification control and has been widely implemented in many desert regions around the world. Arid land is a terrain where there are so little rainfall plants and animals either don't exist or are very sparse and impeded in growth. Desserts are arid, but other areas with very little moisture are also. Semiarid region are dry regions with very little vegetation. The major technologies implemented to promote vegetations in these areas are highlighted in this work.

Author:-S. Sreeremya

Abstract:-Emergy accounting avails the thermodynamic basis of all forms of energy, materials and human services, but converts them into equivalents of one form of energy. Emergy accounting is much organized as a top down approach where first a system diagram of the process is drawn to organize the evaluation and account for all inputs and outflows. Tables of the actual flows of materials, labor and energy are constructed from the diagram and all flows are evaluated. The last and final step of an emergy evaluation involves interpreting the quantitative results.

Authors:-Radha Ajay Powar, Shrikant M Bhosale

Abstract:-Composting and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste is a comprehensive guide the identifies, describes, explains, and evaluates the options available when composting and recycling municipal solid waste (MSW).The organic constituents of municipal solid waste can be converted into compost for use as a safe, beneficial soil amendment, conserving landfill space. The solid waste must first be processed to remove contaminants and prepare the organics for composting. In rural areas waste management is very important because, people suffer a lot of various diseases due to improper waste management. Solid waste management consists of various activities such as: collection, transportation, processing, recycling, processing, recovery and disposal of waste. But these activities aren’t carried out in rural areas. These problems are related due to waste generated by human activities in their day to day life. Besides this the improper system has been occurring serious air as well as water pollution. This project reveals, treating waste in rural areas with help of composting as means of preventing people in village from various diseases also improving aesthetic view of village and environmental pollution

Authors:-Pujari Raveena S, Bhosale S. M

Abstract:-Described in this study are experiments conducted to evaluate performance of fixed and suspended filter media in anaerobic reactor of compacted sewage treatment for domestic wastewater. Basically now a day’s compacted sewage treatment process is most preferred because of its advantages over septic tank for treating domestic wastewater. The media which used as fixed is graded stone media and for suspended media bioballs are used in two different reactors. The work involved laboratory scale batch reactor which is prime important stage of compacted sewage treatment. Two reactors are simultaneously observed over period of 180 days after development of biofilm over both filter media. The results are observed on the experimental basis with different condition. Suspended Filter media i.e. Bioballs gives 80% reduction efficiency in BOD whereas Fixed filter media gives approx. 70% reduction efficiency in BOD

 

Authors: Raveena S. Pujari, S.M. Bhosale

Abstract: Compact Sewage Treatment Process (CSTP) is essentially adopted for the collection, treatment and disposal or reuse of treated wastewater from individual household, isolated communities, Industries and other parts of communities. Centralized wastewater treatment system involves large quantities of wastewater. However, centralized collection and treatment of wastewater requires pumps, piping materials and energy, ultimately increasing the cost of the treatment system. Hence, constructing a centralized treatment system for small communities or urban areas will result in burden for low income countries. To overcome this problems or lacunae, the Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) are the good alternatives which are more cost effective and efficient way of wastewater treatment to improve environmental health conditions as well as providing opportunities for re-use and resource recovery.

Authors: Sameera N., Dr. Kiran S., Dr. S. M. Desai

Abstract: Hexavalent chromium is a major component of many industrial effluents and is toxic and carcinogenic even at very low concentrations. The present study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of coconut husk as an adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI)from solutions in a Packed Bed Adsorption Column. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to determine the effect of factors on removal of chromium from aqueous solutions by three forms of the biomass – untreated, acid-treated and alkali-treated. The acid-treated form of coconut husk was found to be the best with maximum chromium removal capacity of 84.06% at 2.35 pH and 34.3oC temperature, with highest initial metal concentration of 165.47 mg/L and lowest adsorbent usage of 4.89 g/100mL.Fixed bed column adsorption studies were conducted by varying flow rate of inlet stream (0.5 mL/min to 1.2 mL/min) while keeping the feed concentration at 250 mg/L, solution pH at 2.5 and bed height at 10 cm. Breakthrough curve was plotted and maximum value of adsorption capacity was obtained as 5.77 mg/g for flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The observations were fit into well-established fixed-bed adsorption models namely, AdamsBohart, Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were found to fit the adsorption data to good extent, with correlation coefficient R2≥ 0.96..

Authors: Deva Jenifer, A Arunkumar K

Abstract: Contamination of the marine environment by human-made plastic litter is a growing and global problem. Plastic is a waste pollution in our oceans is becoming increasingly urgent to address. It is estimated that over 5 million tonnes of plastic enter the oceans every year and that this figure in rapidly growing. Indeed, it is estimated that in the next 5 years global production of plastic will be higher than in the entire 20th century. Moreover, plastic pollution does not only stay on the surface of the ocean but penetrates right to the very depths and indeed into living ocean organisms and the marine food web. The propose is developing advanced modelling tools to help assess the full extent of the problem of plastic pollution in our oceans and how it is affecting the marine environment. The tools will help policymakers design targeted measures to address a big and growing issue.

Authors: Dr. B. B. Kori

Abstract: Karanja oil (Pongamia Pinnata) is non-edible in nature and is available abundantly in India. In the present investigation, the oil obtained from the seeds of Karanja is being considered as a potential alternative fuel for CI engine. The Karanja oil extracted from the seeds is converted into Bio-Diesel by the method of esterification. We used different blends such as D100, BD100, BD90 and BD80. The physical properties such as viscosity, calorific value, fire point, flash point and density value are evaluated. Then the performance characteristics like Break thermal efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption, Exhaust gas temperature and Emission characteristics like opacity, NOX, carbon-monoxide, carbon-dioxide, unburnt hydrocarbons are also determined. During this investigation standard fuel testing procedure are adopted. A single cylinder diesel engine developing 5.2KW is used for investigation. It is found that engine characteristics with neat Biodiesel are found to be inferior compared to diesel with increase in IOP from 180 bar to 200 bar resulted in improvement in engine characteristics

Authors: Parag Bhagare, Ashish Ghumare, Yash Khandarkar, Rohan Sarode, Chaitanya. D. Bhosale

Abstract: A Study on domestic waste water characterization has been performed followed by the design of sewage treatment plant. A sewage treatment plant is quite necessary to receive the domestic and commercial waste and removes the material which poses harm for general public. Its objectives is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or a treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer).

Author: Dr. Nemailal Tarafder

Abstract: Environmental impact of textiles examines that effects all phases of textile production and use have on the environment from growing or making fibers to discarding a product after its useful life has ended. If the waste products, e.g, chemical effluents are discharged straight into the atmosphere, they may be contributing to global warming. To improve conditions for workers and stem pollution, textile producers, manufacturers and distributors are launching the first initiatives built around sustainable development and who knows, ecology may be the next new trend. The main environmental problems associated with textile industry are typically those associated with water body pollution caused by the discharge of untreated effluents. The development of genetically modified cotton adds to environmental problems at another level. The textile industry is one of the most chemically intensive industries on the earth, and the number one polluter of clean water. The effluent is of critical environmental concern since drastically decreases oxygen concentration due to the presence of hydrosulphides and blocks the passage of light through water body which is detrimental to the water ecosystem. It is important to be vigilant when buying eco-friendly clothing. Environmental pollution risk analysis and risk management in textile industry is vital in order to prevent chemical disaster which may lead to terrible results.

Authors: S. PrakashChandar, V. Satya Ramesh Potti, Vanapalli Bharath, Ashwin Tiwari, BV Kalyan,  Y Aravind

Abstract: The construction industry is an important industry at both the global level and national level. Concrete when set and cured, resembles stone in weight, hardness, brittleness and strength. In developing  the alternatives  to the concrete  a new replacement to fine aggregate has been made and is named as partial replacement(5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) of fine aggregate, here e-waste(waste from electronics)and quarry dust is replaced .e waste is unwanted  and obsolete from electrical materials, quarry dust is also waste from quarry. This has good compressive strength and impact strength when compared to normal concrete. Time and cost are the two major elements in project management, apart from quality and scope.

This experimental study deals with the study of utilization of e-waste(waste from electronics ) and quarry dust  in place of fine aggregate replacement partially(5%, 10%, 15%, 20%).

 

Author: Sachin Dhawan

Abstract: The indoor air quality is deteriorating day by day. A lot of studies are done on outdoor air pollution due to vehicles and industrial sources, but, very few studies are done on indoor air pollution. This study focuses on the indoor air pollution inside automobile parking – lots due to vehicles and vehicular movements. The major pollutants that emit from the vehicles are CO, VOC, particulate matter, Sox, NOx. This paper focuses on the pollution due to CO and VOC inside car parking. These pollutants are very toxic and have very harmful health effects. Some of the VOCs are known to be carcinogenic. High levels of CO can even cause death. There are some techniques such as bio filtration and photo catalytic oxidation are also discussed.

Aurthors: Shruti A Byadgi Manjunath S Sharanappanavar

Abstract:Leachate is highly complex and polluted waste water that is produced by the introduction of percolation water through the body of landfill treatment. Leachate treatment is essential as it could threaten the surrounding ecosystem when discharge as it is and when it mixes with groundwater. Various leachate treatment technologies like coagulation- flocculation, adsorption by activated carbon, biological treatment and reverse osmosis are reviewed and there treatment efficiency depending on operating condition of India is discussed. This paper presents, treatment of solid waste leachate using Electrocoagulation (EC) process. The sample of leachate was collected from Belgavi Municipal solid waste site. The effects of process variables such as pH, applied cell voltage, and operating time were investigated on pH, acidity, alkalinity, total solids, turbidity, BOD and COD removal. The Electrocoagulation process was carried out in a batch reactor of 1.5 liter capacity and samples of 1000 ml were taken out for batch at 30, 45 and 60 minutes of operation. Results obtained from the experiments showed that BOD (93.1%) ,Total suspended solids(91.17%) ,COD(84.42%) removal was strongly influenced by the initial pH. The highest BOD and COD Removal efficiency of 93.1% and 84.42% were obtained.

Authors: Sanjeev T P, Shivaprasad H, Sridhar H N, Shailesh Hundekar, Abhishek M T

Abstract:

In this paper, management and utilization of kitchen waste for productive uses is showcased. By using compression and decomposition methods of microbial culture, it is possible to turn commonly available wastes into productive manure. By analyzing treatment of kitchen waste using microbial culture from an economic angle, it can be easy for decision makers to implement this on a large scale. This paper discusses the methods involved in treatment of kitchen waste as well as the cost involved so that feasibility of this idea can be highlighted.

 

Keywords: Kitchen Waste, Microbial Culture, Green Waste, Compost

 

Authors: Arun Solomon A, Hemalatha G 

Abstract: 

The construction industry is growing at a fast pace and it has caused a crisis of materials’ shortage. Insulating concrete from wall system of building construction is an emerging technique to address this issue. This technique has numerous advantages over traditional brick wall and RCC construction. It enables construction of an energy saving and energy efficient building, that needs no special form works, is cost-effective, the fastest way of construction, sound proof, requires little maintenance, and is disaster resistance. Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs) have been successfully used in the United States, Canada and Europe for over twenty years. Lack of knowledge and experience, and non-availability of required materials are the barriers in developing this technique in countries such as India. This paper presents experimental results carried out to study the behavior of ICF blocks. Results show increased compressive strength and ductile failure of the material of the yield point.

Authors: Prashant Kumar, A K Sachan, Anupam Rawat

Abstract: Nowadays, demand for natural dyes has been developing rapidly due to increased awareness on hazardous, toxic and allergic reactions associated with artificial dyes. Natural dyes are obtained from natural sources such as plants, insects and minerals. Among all the plant created dye sources i.e. bark, flowers, seeds etc. floral dye sources are more important for textile dyeing as it offers both dye as well as smell. This paper reviews the available floral dye sources, application and removal of colourant from flowers and effect of different mordant.  

Authors: Rahul Gupta, Anand Kumar Raghuwanshi 

Abstract: Soil stabilization may be defined as the alteration of the properties of an existing soil to meet specified engineering requirements. The main properties that may require to be altered by stabilization are strength, volume stability, durability, and permeability. In India, the black cotton soil covers an area of about 0.8 million sq. km. which is about 20% of the total land area. It is considered as problematic soil due to detrimental volume changes with variation in moisture content. When it comes in contact with water it shows immense swelling whereas it shrinks with the decrease in water content and develops cracks on drying. Now a day the utilization of waste products with soil has gained attention due to the shortage of suitable soil and increasing problems of industrial waste management. Expansive soil samples were collected from Badanavalu, Chamarajanagar district. This soil was classified as CH as per Indian Standard Classification System (ISCS). Different dosages of E-waste i.e. 3,6,9, and 12 were used to stabilize the expansive soil. The performance of E-waste stabilized soil was evaluated using physical and strength performance tests namely; plasticity index, specific gravity, compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and Unconfined compressive strength Test (UCS). Based on strength performance tests, it was observed that replacement of E-waste increases the strength of expansive soils. It can be seen that Maximum soaked CBR value was found at addition of 6% E-waste when compared with native soil and the he optimum value of maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength was found at 6% E-waste.

Author: Amit Vashisth

Abstract: Samalkha town of Panipat district of Haryana state in India is an administrative center for 74 villages which consists of a population of almost 300 thousand including Samalkha town. The larger part of this population from most of the villages flooded to Samalkha town on a daily basis for shopping and other administrative works. No traffic signals, inadequate space for market, low road spaces and overtaking tendency by road users are responsible for creating long-term traffic congestion on railway road. Due to this substantial portion of working hours got wasted on the streets which indirectly affect the overall economy and causing serious air pollution and noise pollution which affects the environment. The Government needs to construct wider roads, shifting of vegetable vendors from roads to specified vegetable marketplace, curb to heavily loaded trucks. Samalkha being located on NH1, one of the busiest national highways in the country possessing industrial and trade importance, automobile exhaust contribute considerably to pollution. Inadequate native transport means that, the absence of bye-pass roads, encroachment of roads and lanes, inadequate traffic management, etc exaggerate the contribution level of automobile exhaust to pollution. The fuel employed in most of the vehicles is either diesel or fuel. By reducing holdup, this town can play a very important role in the economy of Haryana state by ensuring clean and healthy environment which is noise free and pollution free.

Authors: S.Kalpana, R.Uma

Abstract: Urbanization accompanies the introduction of vast impervious areas and efficient hydraulic conveyance systems resulting changes to an urban setting to dramatically alter the surface hydrology. Remote sensing techniques have been used for monitor the land use changes of Bangalore city over the past five decades (1965-2014) and their impact on natural drainage system. Satellite derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and topographic sheets are used to delineate natural drainage pattern of the study area. In this study, corona and LISS-IV data is used along with other ancillary data like rainfall and flow data. Using visual interpretation and field knowledge of the area the surface water bodies/Tanks/Lakes and drainage network was delineated using GIS tool. The results revealed that water bodies were reduced in number and surface area, shape, and some portions of crop lands were converted into built-up areas. SRTM DEM is used for evaluation of morphological parameters like density, slope, stream length etc. Based on pour point and drainage pattern, the entire study area was demarcated as three watersheds. The surface runoff has been generated using Strom Water Management Model (SWMM), which operates on a basis of sub catchment areas precipitation. The runoff volumes obtained from SWMM tool and manual method are compared.