Authors: Dhawan S Nair, Jyoti Kulkarni, Pankaj K Jha, Suresh Baitha
Abstract: Real-time audio processing has become increasingly critical in applications ranging from mobile devices and hearing aids to live music processing and digital voice assistants. Embedded systems play a pivotal role in achieving low-latency, high-efficiency audio signal processing, particularly in resource-constrained environments. This paper presents a comprehensive review of embedded systems utilized for real-time audio processing, examining their architecture, processing techniques, hardware-software co-design, optimization methods, and application domains. Recent trends, including AI-assisted audio enhancement, low-power designs, and FPGA-based implementations, are also discussed. Challenges and future directions for embedded audio systems are highlighted, emphasizing the balance between computational performance and real-time constraints.
Keywords Embedded Systems, Real-Time Audio Processing, DSP, FPGA, Low-Latency, Audio Signal Processing, Edge AI, Microcontrollers
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