Authors: Rajan Pandey, Devender Singh, Ankush Tyagi
Abstract: Autonomous vehicles are one of the most advanced applications of embedded systems in the modern era. These vehicles rely on a complex integration of sensors, processors, communication modules and control units that operate together in real time. Embedded systems serve as the brain of autonomous vehicles, enabling perception, decision-making, navigation and control without human intervention. This paper reviews the role of embedded systems in autonomous vehicles, major hardware and software components, design challenges, real-time processing requirements, communication protocols, and safety concerns. The study also discusses how artificial intelligence, machine learning, and edge computing are integrated into embedded platforms to achieve efficient vehicle automation. Limitations such as power consumption, cybersecurity risks, and reliability issues are also discussed. The paper provides an overview of current technologies and future directions in embedded automotive systems.
Keywords: Embedded systems, autonomous vehicles, sensors, real-time processing, automotive control, IoT, machine learning, vehicle safety.
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