Authors: Pradeep Singh, Anmol Deshpande
Abstract: Smart grids and microgrids are modern solutions to overcome the limitations of conventional power systems. These systems depend heavily on embedded control systems for monitoring, protection, automation and real-time decision making. Embedded controllers are used for load balancing, voltage regulation, renewable energy integration and fault detection in distributed power networks. With increasing penetration of solar, wind and storage units, the need for intelligent embedded platforms has grown very much. This paper presents a detailed review of embedded control systems used in smart grids and microgrids. It discusses architecture, communication methods, control strategies, hardware platforms, and challenges. The role of real-time operating systems, IoT connectivity and distributed intelligence is also explored. Tables and diagrams are included to show system structure and component roles.
Keywords: Embedded systems, Smart grid, Microgrid, Real-time control, Distributed generation, IoT, Power electronics, Energy management.
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