Authors: Ramesh Sharma, N. Pradeep Kumar, Farhan Ali
Abstract: Power consumption has become a critical design concern in modern embedded systems, mobile devices, IoT nodes, and high-performance processors. With battery operated devices and dense computing platforms, efficient power management techniques are required to extend operational lifetime and reduce thermal stress. Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) is one of the most effective techniques used to reduce dynamic power by adjusting supply voltage and frequency according to workload requirement. This paper presents a detailed review of Dynamic Voltage Scaling and associated power management algorithms used in real-time systems, embedded processors, and multicore architectures. Various DVS algorithms such as static, dynamic, predictive, and feedback-based methods are discussed. The paper also covers task scheduling strategies, hardware support, challenges, and real-time constraints involved in implementing DVS. Comparative analysis and practical considerations for implementing DVS in embedded firmware are also provided.
Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Scaling, Power Management, Embedded Systems, Energy Efficiency, Scheduling Algorithms, Low Power Design, DVFS, Real-Time Systems
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