Author: Ritika Sharma, Vikram Das
Abstract: The field of industrial robotics has seen exponential growth due to advancements in automation technologies. A central aspect of this development is robot programming, which governs how robots interact with their environment and perform tasks. Two primary methodologies dominate this domain: offline programming (OLP) and online programming. Each offers distinct advantages and trade-offs regarding cost, accuracy, productivity, and flexibility. This paper explores the evolution, methodology, comparative strengths, and limitations of offline and online programming. Furthermore, it investigates the emerging trends such as digital twins, simulation-based planning, and AI-based path generation that enhance offline capabilities. Through this comparative study, the paper aims to guide engineers and industries in selecting the most appropriate programming technique based on task complexity, industry type, and operational constraints.
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