Green and Low Carbon Concrete Technologies: A Review

Abstract

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. However, its production, especially Portland cement, is responsible for significant carbon dioxide (CO?) emissions, contributing to climate change. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing green and low carbon concrete technologies that reduce environmental impact while maintaining structural performance. This paper reviews the latest advancements in eco-friendly concrete, including the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), recycled aggregates, industrial by-products, and innovative curing techniques. Additionally, it discusses emerging trends such as geopolymer concrete, carbon capture integration, and performance-based optimization strategies. Challenges in implementation, economic feasibility, and life-cycle assessment are also explored. This review aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of sustainable concrete technologies for future construction.

KEYWORDS: Green concrete, Low carbon concrete, Supplementary cementitious materials, Recycled aggregates, Geopolymer concrete, Carbon footprint, Sustainable construction