Journal of Building and Construction Engineering ISSN: 3107-8796 (Online)

Authors: Kunta Srikanth, K. Chaitra

Abstract: The built environment is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for nearly 40% of total emissions. As the world transitions towards a low-carbon future, sustainable building retrofitting has emerged as a crucial strategy for reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. This research explores the energy-efficient measures that can be implemented in building retrofitting, with a focus on existing buildings, which account for the majority of the built environment. The study examines various energy-efficient measures, including lighting retrofits, HVAC upgrades, building envelope improvements, and renewable energy systems. The effectiveness of these measures in reducing energy consumption and emissions is evaluated through a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies. The research also investigates the impact of these measures on indoor comfort and productivity, as well as their economic feasibility and potential for scalability. The findings highlight the significant potential of sustainable building retrofitting in reducing energy consumption and emissions. Lighting retrofits, for example, can reduce energy consumption by up to 80%, while HVAC upgrades can reduce energy consumption by up to 50%. Building envelope improvements can also significantly reduce energy consumption, while renewable energy systems can reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

The research also identifies barriers to the adoption of sustainable building retrofitting, including high upfront costs, lack of awareness and expertise, and limited access to financing. However, the study also highlights opportunities for overcoming these barriers, such as through policy incentives, education and training programs, and innovative financing mechanisms.

 The conclusions of this research emphasize the importance of sustainable building retrofitting in achieving a low-carbon future. The study recommends that building owners, policymakers, and industry stakeholders prioritize sustainable building retrofitting, and provides guidance on the most effective energy-efficient measures to implement. The research also highlights the need for further research and development in sustainable building retrofitting, particularly in the areas of cost-effective solutions and scalable implementation strategies.

Keywords: Sustainable retrofitting, Energy efficiency, Green building, Building upgrade, Renovation, Energy conservation, Water conservation, Indoor air quality, Material selection, Renewable energy.

Author: Sanjana. Rangu

Abstract: Passive buildings are proving to be a solution to menaces of energy crisis and greenhouse gas emissions across the world. Such buildings tend to exhibit low energy demand owing to their cleverly designed envelopes, which comprise of walls, roofs, doors, windows and other openings. This requires use of new materials and technology, leading to an increased initial construction cost. However, with reduced energy consumption, the lifecycle cost of a passive building may be lower than that of a conventional building. These passive buildings also need to cater to occupants’ comfort which is subject to local climatic conditions and climate change. This article discusses economic feasibility and climatic adaptability of a passive building, in addition to advances in passive building strategies. Owing to lack of general awareness and standards related to passive building construction, these buildings have not achieved enough popularity. While many countries are striving hard to bring passive buildings to common masses, a large number of countries are yet to initiate the move. This article outlines several active organizations, standards and rating systems for passive buildings. This article also presents some of the recent research trends and a comprehensive bibliography for the benefit of researchers and practitioners. The term Passive House refers to a performance-based energy standard for high-efficiency buildings. It is clearly defined, with validity for all climates of the world. Under cold climate conditions, the design typically focuses on minimising heat losses and optimising solar gains. In milder climates, moderate insulation, including improved window qualities, is sufficient, but on the other hand, the building performance during summer requires more careful consideration. For hotter climates, the insulation requirements increase again, and solar loads through windows, walls and roofs must be limited. In hot and humid climates, humidity loads are also minimised or reduced. In practical implementation, every Passive House has its own, specific boundary conditions which lead to different constructions and technical solutions to fulfil the stringent requirements of the Passive House standard.

Keywords: Passive House, Thermal Insulation, Ventilation, U-Value, solar gains.

Authors: Yara Sanjay Kumar, G. Vamshi Prathap

Abstract: The landscape of high-rise building design has undergone profound transformations driven by innovations in engineering, materials science, and sustainability. Recent advancements have focused on enhancing structural efficiency, energy performance, and urban integration. Cutting-edge technologies such as advanced computational design tools and simulations have enabled architects and engineers to push the boundaries of vertical construction. Innovations like the use of high-strength, lightweight materials—such as carbon fiber composites and engineered wood—are improving load-bearing capacities and reducing environmental impact. Additionally, the integration of green technologies, including vertical gardens, energy-efficient systems, and renewable energy sources, is addressing the need for sustainable urban development. Furthermore, dynamic façade systems and responsive building envelopes are optimizing natural light and ventilation while minimizing energy consumption. The evolution of high-rise building design reflects a paradigm shift towards integrating advanced technologies and sustainable practices. Recent innovations emphasize the development of resilient structures that can withstand environmental challenges while minimizing their ecological footprint. Advances in materials technology, such as ultra-high-performance concrete and self-healing materials, enhance structural durability and reduce maintenance needs. Additionally, the application of smart building systems, including IoT-enabled sensors and data analytics, allows for real-time monitoring and optimization of energy consumption, indoor climate, and occupant comfort. This abstract examines how these technological advancements are reshaping high-rise buildings into more adaptive, efficient, and environmentally conscious structures, addressing the growing demands of modern urban environments.

Keywords: Structural Efficiency, Materials Science, Sustainability, Computational Design, High-Strength Materials, Carbon Fiber Composites, Engineered Wood

Authors: V.Vamsi Kalian, Bolli Avinash

Abstract: Lightweight construction materials have become a cornerstone of modern architectural and engineering practices, driven by their ability to significantly improve efficiency, sustainability, and design flexibility. These materials are characterized by their lower density compared to traditional building substances such as concrete and steel. Their reduced weight offers several compelling advantages, including decreased structural load, enhanced energy efficiency, and increased ease of handling and installation one of the primary benefits of lightweight materials is their impact on structural design and load management. By reducing the overall weight of a structure, these materials decrease the burden on foundations and supporting elements, which can lead to substantial cost savings in both materials and labor. This reduction in weight not only allows for more ambitious and innovative architectural designs but also supports the construction of large, open spaces with fewer structural supports, enhancing the functionality and aesthetic appeal of buildings.In terms of energy efficiency, lightweight materials often exhibit superior thermal insulation properties. Materials like expanded polystyrene (EPS), polyurethane foam, and aerated concrete provide effective thermal barriers that help maintain stable indoor temperatures, thereby reducing the need for heating and cooling. This energy efficiency translates into lower utility bills and a smaller carbon footprint, aligning with contemporary goals for sustainable and eco-friendly construction practices. Additionally, lightweight materials such as cellular glass and advanced composites offer excellent insulating properties while contributing to the overall reduction of energy consumption in buildings.Durability and maintenance are further areas where lightweight materials excel. Many of these materials, including fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) and advanced ceramics, are designed to resist environmental stresses such as moisture, corrosion, and temperature fluctuations. This resilience reduces the need for frequent repairs and maintenance, extending the lifespan of structures and ensuring long-term performance. The inherent strength and durability of these materials make them suitable for a wide range of applications, from residential buildings to critical infrastructure projects.

Keywords: Lightweight materials, sustainable construction, energy efficiency, advanced composites, aerated concrete, recycled materials.

Author: Khushi Patel

Abstract: Cryogenic construction techniques are crucial for the design and implementation of structures that operate under extreme cold conditions, typically below -150°C (-238°F). This field has gained significance due to the growing demand for advanced materials and technologies in industries such as aerospace, energy, and scientific research. The primary challenges in cryogenic construction include material selection, thermal insulation, and structural integrity under thermal stress. This abstract explores various methods employed in cryogenic construction, including specialized materials like superconductors and high-performance composites, as well as innovative insulation techniques such as vacuum chambers and multi-layered barriers. Moreover, it discusses the importance of cryogenic testing and simulation in ensuring the reliability and safety of constructed facilities. Understanding cryogenic construction techniques is essential for advancing future technologies in space exploration, energy storage, and scientific experimentation in extreme environments.

Keywords: Cryogenic construction, extreme cold, materials, insulation, thermal stress.

Authors: Payal Rastogi, Vivek Pal, Ritesh Kushwaha

Abstract: This paper explores the latest advancements and innovative approaches in sustainable building design and construction. It discusses key strategies, technologies, and practices that contribute to the creation of environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and resource-efficient buildings. The paper also addresses challenges and opportunities in the field of sustainable construction, highlighting the importance of integrating sustainability principles into every phase of the building lifecycle.

Keywords: Sustainable building, design, construction, innovation, green technology, energy efficiency, resource management.

Authors: Vidya Pratap Sinha, Adavika Thakur

Abstract: Materials engineering and technological innovations play a pivotal role in shaping modern construction practices. This paper explores the latest advancements in materials science and engineering, as well as technological innovations that are revolutionizing the construction industry. From sustainable materials to smart technologies, the paper delves into the impact of these innovations on construction efficiency, sustainability, and resilience.

Keywords: Materials engineering, technological innovations, modern construction, sustainability, resilience.

Author: Dipali Mittal

Abstract: Human-centric design in construction engineering prioritizes the safety, well-being, and comfort of individuals within built environments. This paper explores the principles of human-centric design and its applications in enhancing safety measures, improving ergonomic considerations, and creating spaces that promote comfort and productivity. By integrating human factors into construction engineering practices, stakeholders can create environments that are not only functional and efficient but also conducive to human health and well-being.

Keywords: Human-centric design, construction engineering, safety, comfort, ergonomic considerations, productivity.

Authors: Prof. Rakesh Kumar Yadav , Sanjay Singh

Abstract: This paper explores the integration of emerging technologies, including Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and big data analytics, into urban planning and design to foster the development of smart cities. The rapid urbanization and technological advancements present opportunities to enhance urban efficiency, sustainability, and livability. By investigating strategies for incorporating these technologies into the fabric of urban environments, this paper aims to provide insights into creating smarter and more resilient cities. Key challenges, opportunities, and implications for urban planning are discussed, along with case studies highlighting successful implementations. The findings underscore the importance of holistic approaches and interdisciplinary collaboration in shaping the future of urban landscapes.

Keywords: Smart cities, Urban planning, Emerging technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial intelligence (AI), Big data analytics, Sustainability, Livability

Authors: P. Guruswamy Goud, Khushi Patel

Abstract: Aggregate is the basic material in conventional concrete which occupies almost 70% of concrete. Due to immense utilization of aggregate in the construction of building structures, there is a lack of availability of aggregates such as gravels and stone deposits. Mean while disposal of waste material like coconut shell is also causing ecological imbalance to the environment. In order to solve this problem, utilization of coconut shell in the construction field as coarse aggregate may helpful. In our study, we have recycled coconut shell by replacing coarse aggregate with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of M20 grade concrete. Specimens were tested to know the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength and compared with normal concrete. The aim of our project is to introduce coconut shell in the construction industry as an aggregate for low cost construction.

Keywords: Coconut shell, M20 grade, Compressive strength, split tensile strength.

Authors: Divyamani Shetty, Dr. Premanand Shenoy, Pradeep Karanth

Abstract: Experimental investigation plays an important role in studying the behavior of the structures during an earthquake. Usually, earthquakes are stimulated in laboratories using shake tables. Models of structures are mounted on shake tables and the response is measured using sensors. In this project, shake table is developed with the required machinery for actuators, controllers to impart different frequencies of vibration, methodology to mount the models as lumped mass systems, sensors to measure the response, software and data acquisition system for recording the data for future analysis and Interpretation.

Keywords- Shake table, Arduino IDE, Arduino UNO Board, Ultrasonic sensor, Internet of Things (IoT)

Authors: Dr.Ranjith.A, Freezia Noronha, Ganesh Harshshetty

Abstract: During the past few years, strengthening and rehabilitation of reinforced (RC) structures using Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) Composites have been considered one of the most advance techniques to achieve strengthening of the structure and Shear failure is an undesirable type of failure in terms of structural safety. Particularly, reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams without shear reinforcement are vulnerable to shear failure. The Current paper is on the comparison between experimental and analytical results. Investigate their performance improvement, particularly in shear capacity, due to strengthening. The test results highlighted that the failure modes of the tested beams were dominated with shear-compression failure in the shear/bending moment regions and concrete crushing in the compression part of the pure bending zone.

Keywords- FRP Wrapping; CFRP, GFRP, Shear strengthening of RC beams.

Authors: Rudrappa Kurbet, Dr.Shaik Kabeer Ahmed,  Dr. Arun Kumar Bhat

Abstract: The effect of soil structure interaction is generally ignored in the seismic analysis of the multistory buildings. In most of the cases fixed base assumption is accepted which in general not accurate. Soil flexibility causes lengthening of the natural periods due to overall decrease in stiffness as  the  lateral  stiffness  of  the building depends on the compressibility of the soil. This leads lo a subsequent variation in the natural periods of the system which may considerably influence the seismic response of the building. Thus the effect of soil-structure interaction should be considered in buildings which are located in earthquake prone areas. Reinforced concrete frame buildings with  unreinforced  brick masonry  infill walls  are  generally  analyzed  and  designed  as  bare frames, without considering the strength and stiffness contributions  of infills.

Keywords: Soil structure interaction, Etabs, Brick masonry, nonlinear-pushoveranalysis, lateraldisplacement, Base shear, naturalperiod.

Authors:  Dr. Sheik Kabeer Ahmed, Arun Kumar Bhat,Shruti Pandit

Abstract: Usually in the seismic design of ordinary building, soil structure interaction is neglected and the dynamic response of the structure is evaluated under the assumption of a fixed based response. However during seismic loading the soil undergoes deformations which are imposed to the foundation, the question naturally arises of knowing if the motion in the vicinity of the structure is altered by the presence of the structure and how the structure response is modified by the compliance of the supporting soil. This interaction between the structure and the soil is named soil-structure interaction (SSI). The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate whether and under which conditions SSI is important and what are its consequences on the dynamic response of the structure

Keywords- Soil Structure Interaction, Earth Retaining Structures, Illustrate, Structure

Authors: Sabyath Shetty, Dhruva Shetty, Rakshith Kumar Shetty

Abstract: The seismic performance of high-rise buildings is a critical consideration in regions prone to earthquakes. This study focuses on the analysis of a G+15 building utilizing a flat slab system in different seismic zones, as well as the impact of a sloping ground on its structural behavior. The analysis is performed using ETABS, a widely-used structural analysis and design software. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the structural response of the building under seismic loading, assess the effectiveness of the flat slab system in mitigating seismic forces, and investigate the influence of a sloping ground on the building's performance. The study aims to provide insights into the seismic behavior of G+15 buildings with flat slab systems in different seismic zones and under the influence of a sloping ground according to the standard codes.

Keywords- G+15 building, flat slab, seismic zones, sloping ground, ETABS, seismic performance, story drift.

Authors: Aditya Kapadiya, Dr. M.K Gautam

Abstract: The optimization of energy efficiency in building systems has become a critical aspect of sustainable architecture and design. With the increasing demand for energy and the urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is imperative to develop strategies that minimize energy consumption and maximize the use of renewable resources in buildings. This research paper aims to explore the concept of integrated design and simulation as an effective approach for optimizing energy efficiency in building systems. By analyzing existing literature and case studies, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the principles and benefits of integrated design and simulation and highlights its application in various building systems.

Keywords: Integrated Design, Building Systems, Greenhouse Gas, Renewable Resources

Authors: Dr. Pankaj Singh, Sandeep Gupta

Abstract: Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged as a powerful tool in the construction industry, revolutionizing the way buildings are designed, constructed, and managed. BIM is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a building, allowing stakeholders to collaborate, share information, and streamline construction processes. This research paper aims to explore the role of BIM in enhancing collaboration and streamlining construction processes. By analyzing existing literature and case studies, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies of BIM. Furthermore, this paper highlights the potential of BIM in improving project coordination, reducing errors and rework, enhancing decision-making, and facilitating sustainable construction practices.

Keywords: Building Information Modeling, construction practices, streamlining construction processes

Authors Name:- Prof. Rashmi P. Wade, Dr. Nitin W. Ingole, Prof. Mohini S. Mohod, Prof. Vaishnav S. Kadu

Abstract:- In the 21st Century, when every country is focusing on development for its people, it becomes imperative for the world as a whole to take steps so as to make this developmental race as sustainable as possible. Sustainable development is important because the world is on a brink of a disaster. To avoid this disaster United Nations member states adopted sustainable Development Goals. These goals are successor to Millennium development goals, set by United Nation member states earlier. 17 Sustainable Development Goals were adopted in 2015 by all UN parties at Sustainable developmental summit, themed as ‘Transforming our world the 2030 agenda for sustainable development’. Rural population comprises of around 60% to 70% of India's population and more than 80% of Lower income people reside in rural areas of India. The sustainable development goals will be incomplete without paying enough focus on rural development. Village is the basic unit of rural areas. When the development of rural area is discussed, it cannot be completed without the development of village. The development of villages should not only be economical but also social in nature. There are two Sustainable Development Goals which are related to rural development, First Sustainable Development Goal which calls to ‘End poverty in all forms everywhere’ and Second sustainable development goal ‘End hunger, achieve food security, improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.’ So for overall development of villages and rural areas sustainably, the targets set by United nations includes ending hunger in all forms, sustainable agriculture, improved nutrition to achieve food security. For achieving these targets, a strong strategy with overall participation from government as well as civil society is required at all levels.

Keywords:- Sustainable Development, Rural development, Food Security, Agriculture development, Civilization.

Authors: Jaffer Badeghar, Omkar R. Badgeri, Sushant Mohite, Viraj Pawar, Deepali Phadatare

Abstract: Retrofitting is referred as a modifying existing equipment or structure with additional or new components or members. In order to make older structures more resistant to accidents or seismic activity. An existing structure is less susceptible to damage when it is retrofitted. The use of retrofitting is on the rise right now. Its sole objective is to reinforce the structure once more. because structures lose strength over time. The most common way of adding new elements to more established and more vulnerable structures is known as retrofitting. The most cost-effective way to make an insecure building safe from future dangers like earthquakes is through retrofitting. It was discovered that retrofitting also aids in restoring the structure's strength after it was damaged by fire or accident. By wrapping FRP sheets in layers of four or more, the standard concrete structure quickly gained strength. By adding more FRP wrappings, the strength can be made even stronger.

Keywords: FRP laminates, Retrofitting, GFRP, Rehabilitation

Authors : Aboli Rajendra Dhawade, Saurabh Prakash Turak, Ankita Gopal Uaike,Darshan Sanjay Randive, Shraddha Walmik Meshram

Abstract : Using finite element analysis software (GTS NX MIDAS), this study investigates how interference affects the dynamic response of two active machine foundations. The finite element model was carefully constructed to ensure that the mesh size and finite element model extension did not affect the outcomes. Additionally, the finite element analysis methodology has been validated using established and reliable analytical solutions for wave propagation and machine vibration. The analyses have taken into account loose sand, medium sand, and dense sand with a vibration frequency range of 0.7-25.0 Hz. The findings demonstrated that the interference of two active machine foundations significantly enhances the dynamic settling, with an increase range of 1 to 80% in percentage terms. This percentage increase decreases with an increase in vibration frequency or foundation spacing and rises with an increase in soil stiffness. Additionally, it was discovered that the critical distance at which the interference effect disappears is dependent on both the frequency of vibration and the soil's stiffness, and that it rises as either of these variables decreases. Based on the findings of the investigations, a methodology has been presented to take interference into account when calculating the dynamic settlement.

Keywords : GTS NX MIDAS, Machine Foundations, Vibration Frequency Range

Authors :  Sreenidhi Gupta, Reyansh Sharma

Abstract : Environmental consequences are a hindrance to achieving sustainability and evaluating the success of building projects. It is critical to identify numerous activities and materials that have direct and indirect carbon emissions in order to decrease these environmental impacts during building construction. Emissions from building construction begin with material manufacture, construction activities, usage phase and maintenance, destruction, and recycling and reuse. The correlation and relevance of elements contributing to carbon emissions during the pre-use stage of building construction are determined in this study utilising Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL).

Keywords : Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL), Building Construction, Environmental impacts, Emissions, Sustainability.