ABSTRACT
Reliability and validity are the cornerstones of educational measurement, ensuring that assessment tools produce consistent and accurate results. This paper explores the conceptual foundations, types, methods, and applications of reliability and validity in educational testing. It highlights their interdependence and role in improving the quality of assessments. The study also examines statistical techniques, challenges, and modern technological advancements influencing measurement practices. By integrating theoretical perspectives with practical applications, the paper provides a comprehensive framework for educators and researchers to develop effective and fair assessment tools.
KEYWORDS: Reliability, Validity, Educational Measurement, Consistency, Accuracy, Assessment
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