ABSTRACT
Competency-based assessment frameworks have emerged as a transformative paradigm in modern education, emphasizing measurable learning outcomes, real-world skills, and mastery over traditional time-based progression. This paper explores the conceptual foundations, structural components, implementation strategies, advantages, and challenges of competency-based assessment (CBA) systems. Unlike conventional assessment models that prioritize rote learning and summative examinations, competency-based frameworks focus on the demonstration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes in authentic contexts. The study highlights how such frameworks support personalized learning pathways, continuous feedback, and learner autonomy. It further examines the integration of technology, competency mapping, and rubric-based evaluation in enhancing educational effectiveness. The paper concludes that competency-based assessment frameworks play a critical role in aligning education with 21st-century skills and workforce demands, although issues such as scalability, teacher training, and standardization remain significant challenges.
KEYWORDS: Competency-Based Assessment, Mastery Learning, Outcome-Based Education, Educational Evaluation, Skill-Based Learning, Authentic Assessment
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