Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Agriculture

Abstract

The integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in agriculture has transformed traditional farming into a data-driven, efficient, and intelligent process. With the growing push towards precision agriculture, WSNs play a critical role in monitoring environmental parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, and humidity. However, energy consumption remains a major constraint due to the battery-powered nature of sensor nodes. This paper explores the use of energy-efficient routing algorithms in WSNs tailored for smart agriculture, focusing on Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and its variants. The study highlights the significance of routing protocols in extending network lifetime, optimizing energy use, and ensuring reliable data transmission. It further evaluates the performance of these algorithms under real-world farming scenarios. Comparative analyses, tabular data, and schematic figures are included to demonstrate the impact of various techniques. This work aims to guide researchers and engineers in developing sustainable IoT-based smart farming systems.

Keywords:WSN, energy optimization, LEACH protocol, smart farming, routing algorithm, precision agriculture