Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Research: NanotechnologyBased Drug Delivery Systems and Their Analytical Evaluation

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a disruptive paradigm in modernpharmaceutical sciences, addressing the long-standing challenges of poorsolubility, non-specific toxicity, low bioavailability, and rapid systemicclearance inherent to traditional therapeutic agents. This comprehensivereview paper synthesizes the state-of-the-art developments in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (NDDS), focusing on polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanoemulsions. Crucially, it highlights the parallel evolution of advanced analytical evaluation methodologies—including high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)—which are critical for establishing physicochemical characterization, pharmacokinetic parameters, and regulatory quality control. By presenting a systematic analysis of current clinical applications and experimental methodologies, this review uncovers a pronounced 'analytical-translational gap,' characterized by the lack of real-time, in vivo, non-destructive analytical techniques capable of mapping nano-bio interactions in heterogeneous biological environments. The review concludes with actionable strategies to reconcile regulatory discrepancies and standardize characterization frameworks to accelerate bench-to-bedside translation.  KEYWORDS: Nanotechnology, Drug Delivery Systems, PolymericNanoparticles, Liposomes, Analytical Evaluation, Pharmacokinetics, QualityControl, Dynamic Light Scattering.