Sleep and Its Disorders: Ayurvedic Physiology of Nidra and Its Modern Neuro-Physiological Correlates

Abstract

Sleep is an essential biological process that ensures physical, mental, and emotional well-being. In Ayurveda, sleep or Nidra is considered one of the three pillars of health along with Ahara (nutrition) and Brahmacharya (controlled lifestyle). Nidra is vital for maintaining the balance of Tridosha—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—and promoting mental clarity and overall health. Modern neurophysiology explains sleep as a complex process involving various neural circuits, neurotransmitters, and hormonal regulation. Sleep disorders such as insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, and parasomnias affect millions globally, leading to cognitive impairments, metabolic disturbances, and emotional instability. This paper aims to provide a comparative insight into the Ayurvedic understanding of Nidra and its modern neuro-physiological correlates, highlighting commonalities, differences, and potential integrative approaches to managing sleep disorders.

KEYWORDS: Sleep, Nidra, Tridosha, Neurophysiology, Insomnia, Sleep Disorders, Ayurveda