Author: Dr. Neha S. Verma, Rajeev K. Sharma.
Abstract: The rapid advancements in quantum computing pose an unprecedented threat to classical cryptographic systems that currently safeguard global digital communications. Traditional algorithms like RSA and ECC rely on computational hardness assumptions that can be efficiently broken by quantum algorithms such as Shor’s and Grover’s. Quantum-safe cryptography (QSC), also called post-quantum cryptography, aims to design algorithms resilient to both classical and quantum attacks, ensuring the long-term security of sensitive data. This paper explores the principles of QSC, its mathematical foundations, leading algorithm families, standardization efforts, and practical deployment strategies. A comparative table outlines key features of prominent post-quantum algorithms, and the paper concludes with an analysis of current research challenges and potential integration pathways into existing infrastructures.
Keywords: Quantum-safe cryptography, post-quantum security, lattice-based cryptography, quantum computing threats, NIST PQC, hash-based signatures, multivariate cryptography.
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