Author: Dr. Rohan Mehta, Ananya Rao.
Abstract: In an era where data has emerged as the most valuable asset, ensuring its security without compromising utility is a pressing challenge. Privacy-enhancing computation techniques, particularly homomorphic encryption and secure enclaves, are reshaping the data security landscape. Homomorphic encryption allows computation directly on encrypted data, producing results that, when decrypted, match those obtained from plaintext operations. Secure enclaves, on the other hand, provide hardware-level isolation to safeguard sensitive computations from external interference. This paper explores the fundamental principles, recent advancements, practical use cases, and challenges associated with these technologies. Emphasis is placed on their synergistic potential in healthcare, finance, and cloud computing environments, along with a comparative analysis to guide adoption strategies. The paper concludes by discussing future directions for achieving scalable, interoperable, and quantum-resistant privacy-preserving systems.
Keywords: — Privacy-enhancing computation, homomorphic encryption, secure enclaves, cloud security, confidential computing, data privacy, cryptography.
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