Authors : Dr. Shalini R. Mehta, Dr. Karthik Bansal
Abstract: As quantum computing evolves, it poses significant risks to classical cryptographic systems that underpin global digital security. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) emerges as a proactive defense, aiming to establish cryptographic systems resilient against quantum attacks. This paper explores the principles of PQC, its underlying algorithms, global standardization efforts, and implementation challenges. We provide an in-depth analysis of lattice-based, hash-based, and multivariate polynomial cryptosystems, and their performance across security, speed, and storage metrics. By reviewing recent NIST competitions and practical deployments, the paper outlines strategic directions enterprises and governments should consider for PQC transition. This study emphasizes the urgency of transitioning to quantum-resistant infrastructures to secure digital assets and communications in the quantum future.
Keywords: Post-Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Computing, Cryptographic Algorithms, Lattice-based Encryption, Cybersecurity, NIST Standards, Secure Communication
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