ABSTRACT
The electrification of transportation systems has significantly increased the demand for high-performance traction motors. Traditional permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) rely heavily on rare earth elements (REEs) such as neodymium and dysprosium, which pose challenges in terms of cost, environmental impact, and supply chain security. This paper provides a comprehensive review of rare earth free motor (REFM) designs, emphasizing their potential for sustainable traction applications. Various motor topologies including induction motors, switched reluctance motors, ferrite-based permanent magnet motors, and hybrid configurations are discussed. Key performance parameters such as efficiency, torque density, thermal management, and manufacturability are analyzed. The paper also highlights emerging material innovations, design optimization techniques, and control strategies that enhance the performance of RE-free motors. Finally, the environmental and economic implications of adopting RE-free motors in electric vehicles are explored.
KEYWORDS: Rare earth free motors, sustainable traction, switched reluctance motor, induction motor, ferrite magnets, electric vehicles, motor design.
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