ABSTRACT
The growing world energy demand and environmental concerns have accelerated the adoption of renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Solar and wind are intermittent by nature, hence hybrid systems using both energy sources are increasingly used to improve reliability. One of the effective strategies for integrating these multiple sources is through multi-port converters (MPC), which help manage the power flow between sources, energy storage, loads, and grid interface. In recent years, various multi-port DC-DC and DC-AC converter topologies have been developed to efficiently combine solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind generators into a single hybrid system. This paper reviews the state of the art in multi-port converters applied in solar–wind hybrid systems, discusses the classification of converter types, and explores control strategies, performance metrics, pros and cons of different topologies. Special attention is given to converter design challenges, energy management approaches, and future directions. The review also includes comparative tables and schematic illustrations for clarity. The objective is to offer a broad understanding for researchers new to this field and to highlight trends in practical hybrid energy power conversion.
KEYWORDS: - Multi-port converters; solar–wind hybrid systems; DC-DC converters; energy management; renewable energy integration; MPPT; bidirectional converters
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