Smart grids are expected to revolutionize the electricity grid infrastructure by making it more efficient, reliable, and sustainable. In this paper, we review the recent advancements in smart grid technologies and research. We first discuss smart grid policies, standards, and initiatives in various countries. We then present a conceptual model for smart grids, which consists of smart infrastructure, smart transmission, smart distribution, smart information subsystem, smart meters, smart monitoring, data management, smart communication subsystem, smart management subsystem, and smart protection subsystem. For each of these subsystems, we discuss the technologies that are being used and the ongoing research. Finally, we conclude by highlighting the challenges and opportunities in the field and provide future research directions.
Keywords: — Smart Grids, Smart Infrastructure, Smart Transmission, Smart Distribution, Smart Meters, Smart Monitoring, Data Management, Smart Communication, Smart Management, Smart Protection.
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