ABSTRACT
Hybrid energy systems (HES) comprising multiple renewable sources such as photovoltaic (PV), wind, and energy storage units require advanced power electronic interfaces to manage energy flow efficiently. Multi-input and bi-directional converters are emerging as crucial components in HES, enabling simultaneous integration of multiple sources while supporting bi-directional power flow for storage devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of multi-input bi-directional converter topologies, including DC–DC and DC–AC structures, their control strategies, and application scenarios. Comparative analysis demonstrates the advantages in efficiency, reliability, and flexibility over conventional single-input converters. Challenges related to modulation, fault tolerance, and system scalability are discussed, and emerging trends for future hybrid energy integration are highlighted.
KEYWORDS: - Hybrid energy systems, Multi-input converters, Bi-directional converters, Renewable integration, DC–DC converter, DC–AC inverter
Full Issue
| View or download the full issue | PDF 111-116 |