ABSTRACT
The rising adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has emphasized the importance of high-efficiency and high-power-density traction motors. Conventional distributed winding technologies face challenges in terms of efficiency, thermal performance, and manufacturability under high current densities. Innovative winding technologies, such as hairpin and bar windings, have emerged as viable solutions to address these challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive review of hairpin and bar winding technologies for EV traction motors, focusing on electrical performance, thermal behavior, manufacturability, and impact on efficiency and torque density. Comparative analysis with conventional windings is provided using reported experimental and simulation data. The paper concludes with future trends and research directions in winding innovations for next-generation EV traction systems.
KEYWORDS: - Electric vehicle traction motor, Hairpin winding, Bar winding, Efficiency, Torque density, Thermal management, Manufacturability
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